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This article is the "China Social Sciences" No. 1 144 Issue 10 one of the "Public Management" article.

In modern social life，Like the economic bubble，Management bubble everywhere，It is also inevitable。Management bubbles have a special inner logic connection with the economic bubble -management bubble may produce economic bubbles，The economic bubble may also be caused by the management bubble。In the management chain，Due to irrational management，When there is information asymmetry and information distortion，It has brought about the management effect as a virtual increase、Management expectations、Operation or governance risk amplification and other circumstances，Can be called "Management Bubble"。On the one hand，Management bubbles are divided into macro management bubbles and micro management bubbles。The former includes unreasonable inflation、Public expectations of distorted or unrestricted expansion of consumer confidence -that is, the foam of public confidence, etc.; The latter includes the Matthew effect in the micro management、The non -normal extension of the management chain。On the other hand，I try to divide the management bubble into natural foam (friction bubble) and outer foam。Natural bubble is due to the natural distortion of information，It is inevitable; outer foam is a management bubble caused by human subjective intentional or insufficient ability of human ability。

The natural management bubble is the same as the natural unemployment rate defined by economists，Is normal and reasonable，such as friction foam，The impact is very small。But the non -normal exogenous management bubble will bring a lot of adverse effects，For example，Foam to small to micro management will affect the performance of a company，Bubbles to the national macro -managed bubble will affect the public's confidence -bubbles that bring public confidence。

　　The generation mechanism of "Management Bubble"

Because human reason is limited，Management rationality is also limited。In information asymmetry、Information distortion and other influence，or artificial interference、Cover、Fan decoration of various types of information，irrational management will lead to a large number of management bubbles，Under the collaborative role of pyramid -shaped structure structure，These management bubbles will be amplified step by step。Of course，This is not the disadvantage brought about by the inherent inherent system。Governance mode in modern enterprises (or organization)，In the commission mode of separation of ownership and business rights，The irrational performance of management is particularly prominent，By amplifying business risks、The non -normal extension of the management chain，Exaggerated income and management results to unreasonably improve the reputation and benefits of management; or resource monopoly、The administrative monopoly department brings management bubble。

So，Even if it is reflected in the management or management collective，Compared to the group、Organization or Volkswagen's interests，It is also difficult to effectively restrain the irrational management behavior of management。It is not difficult to understand，Makes under the impetuous social and cultural environment and the utilitarian management atmosphere，and under the control of some management elites，Short -term behavior of management from all walks of life、Family Enterprise competition for control, etc.、The collapse of Wall Street is empirical)，Therefore, the management chain will inevitably bleed all kinds of non -normal management bubbles。

　　Explore the management method of "de -foaming"

First of all, the real -time disclosure information should be achieved，to reduce information distortion。

Information asymmetry、Information distortion is the most important cause of management bubble。The key to solving this problem is to ensure the reliability of information sources and the stability bet365 best casino games of the information transmission pipeline。So，Pay attention to purifying the source of information and reasonably clear various information transmission pipes，Reduce information distortion and the blocking of information transmission can effectively squeeze the bubble in management。Of course，This can also effectively prevent the public's psychological expectations and distortions of confidence。Information transmission in management work，It can be transmitted like communication and computer Internet network information，Can it embed information school inspection and increase information correction system in some conventional information transmission pipes，in order to correct the problem of information distortion in time。For example，Quickly disassemble the information and pack the information、Add the verification code，Reorganize it after transmission;，Establish an information transmission real -name endorsement signature system，and increase the income of real information and increase the cost of distorting information。

Secondly, strive to promote rational person -based management，Containing irrational management behavior。

Work in this area，First，Management of people who want to re -set theoretical person，Make utilitarian management to humanism、Humanist management。Second，Inspired more innovative talents to enter the industry，and reshape the social responsibility of the enterprise -re -creation of social responsibility to the enterprise，Re -shuffle on the division of interests，Avoid the habit of avoiding only the responsibility of the elite continues to continue，The responsibility to the elite is responsible for the civilians and even the entire society。third，Paying attention to the management of ethics，Heavy tree administrative official、Belief of various managers such as business managers，Management value sorting of effective axes，and reasonable、Effectively play the role of grass -roots party organizations，That is reasonable politicalization，to promote rational person bet365 live casino games management。For example，Capital is profit -seeking and utilitarian，and the person who controls the capital also has limited rationality，A non -moral behavior such as the management of people with fine and rational persons，Management of de -utilitarization and de -bubble。Fourth，Elite governance has its unique advantages，But due to the limited rationality of people and management，So elite governance will also show obvious limitations。To eliminate its negative effects，You can learn from Pareto's elite cycle theory: through dredging talent circulation pipes，Make the elite in an orderly and reasonable cycle，Give full play to the role of grassroots elites;、General staff or other grass -roots groups are fully involved in the combination of governance，Action under the same framework，To continuously realize effective Pareto improvement。

again，We must continue to promote reasonable allocation of labor、Methods allocated by contribution elements，The value of the contribution of physical labor and other grass -roots personnel (the minimum wage standard is an effective common practice)，And more supplemented by income compensation and transfer payment，Increase the income of low -income groups and pipelines for their own interests，Expand the intermediate level，and curb the interception behavior at the level of high -income people。Generally speaking，Promote reasonable distribution according to labor、Allocation of the revenue of the contribution elements will greatly reduce the production of management bubbles。

Last，It should be further promoted to improve the agent governance mode。

In modern organization management，The agency mode of the commission is very common，There are more management bubbles generated。Some economists recommend binding the income of the manager with the interests and risks of the organization，Stimulate its unreasonable profit -seeking behavior and motivates the interests of the organization from the system design。On the one hand，We think this kind of thinking is worthy bet365 live casino games of reference; on the other hand，Due to unreasonable system design and other reasons，Many organizations in reality are difficult to achieve this to effectively restrain the unreasonable behavior of managers or management。Otherwise, there will be no phenomenon that there will be so many phenomena such as Gome Electric's competition for control。Of course，Organizational governance under the relationship between commissioned agency still has a lot of room for improvement，There are many ways or system design worthy of discussions。such as，Binding method of improving risks and income、Responsibility identification and responsibility，Through the improvement of these aspects to effectively eliminate the bubble in management。

Manage "Reserve" and public confidence "Reserve"

Can public confidence be reserved? Where is the logic of the problem?，How to reserve?

First，"rationality" based on the times -the time will not make mistakes，We believe that the public’s confidence can be "reserved"。The logic is，Through the development of some fiscal and financial instruments and other policy tools，While maintaining the level of public confidence and trust,，"Reserve" some can be released in the future，Resources that can effectively intervene and correct public psychological expectations。When you need it，"Public confidence" (public confidence "(various types of reserves) that can be" reserved "can be released through various policy tools，Intervention and revising the public's confidence expectations。Technically speaking，These should be able to do it。For example，dependence on energy and other resources can often lead to greater economic ups and downs and fluctuations of public consumption confidence，Safety reserves of some resources、Futures Market, etc.，Can effectively smooth these fluctuations。

Second，To effectively reduce the public's concerns about the future，Enhance the public's consumption power and confidence in the future，Enhance the public's immunity for various risks and ability to afford economic fluctuations，bet365 Play online games can effectively boost the economy，Should be cautious and reasonable to "reserve" a specific public "confidence"。Just like a reservoir，Before the time in need，Injecting this powerful "confidence" into the society of "confidence" in a timely manner。Called it as water storage -irrigation method。So，How should public confidence be reserved? the author thinks，The key is the design and reserve resources or reserve medium of reserve tools (can be called public confidence interference and correction tools)。Solve these two problems，Public confidence can naturally be reserved。

Here，These tools include a correction tool for confidence bubble、Confidence filtering tool、A combination of negative confidence degradation tools and confidence recovery tools。

Correction tool for confidence bubble，That is, confidence is non -normal expansion curb tool，In essence, it is to foam。The so -called confidence filtering tool，First，When the financial or economic crisis reserves and release confidence of the financial or economic crisis for the elites，To cut off in time、blocking、Transfer of Harmic Information，Especially information transmission in the collapse of confidence must be cut decisively，Timely clarify rumors and real -time disclosure of real information，and actively carry out various types of counterfeit operations (in recent years，my country's food safety incident，Especially the impact of dairy product safety incident on public consumption confidence is a typical example)。Next，The government must also preset foreign capital，Especially for speculative funds interference plans (1997 in the Asian financial crisis can strongly support this)。If the pessimistic expectations in the public confidence are called negative faith，So，The so -called negative trust degradation tool，Like degradation enzymes similar to certain chemicals。such as，The government should prevent public panic from selling stocks、Plan for crowding and accumulation of goods; there should be a positive publicity bet365 Play online games and social mobilization plan for the media。and the confidence recovery tool we refer to，It is more manifested as the release of resources。Resources can choose some rare metals such as hard currency or gold。

Faith recovery tools are: national economic risk and public credit reserve、Corporate social responsibility reserve、Low -income group relief reserves、Reserve for reasonable food and other necessities。Of course，The so -called tools we proposed，A considerable part of it is that many countries are already using。

(Source: Chinese Social Sciences News Author: Deng Mingwen Lihui Unit: Department of Public Management Department of the School of Economics and Management of Tibet University)