This article is published in "Chinese Social Sciences Journal"187Issue11One Bet365 app download articles on "Public Management" in the edition.

In our country，The petition system is an administrative supplementary relief system，The similar system abroad is called the Bet365 app download System。The Bet365 app download system comes from constitutional practice and government system，Originated in Sweden in 1809，The English name of the Bet365 app download is Bet365 app download，Originally a Swedish word，The original meaning is broader，Refers to the public or a representative or agent of a group。When the Swedish Parliamentary Administrative Bet365 app download had widespread influence and began to spread around the world，Bet365 app download becomes a specialized vocabulary，Specifically refers to being elected by the legislative body or appointed by the highest executive authority，An official who independently investigates and handles complaints from the public about illegal and bad behavior by public departments or government officials。The Bet365 app download system was first introduced to Northern Europe，All over the United States after World War II、Europe、Asia、Countries and regions in Africa。Today，More than 80 countries and regions around the world have established Bet365 app download systems。

　　The origin of the Bet365 app download

　1713，King Charles VII of Sweden established an official office headed by the King's Supreme Bet365 app download (later the Chancellor)，One of the duties is to assist the King in performing the most basic duties of government，That is, ensuring the correctness of public administration。This is the origin of the Bet365 app download。The revolution occurred in Sweden in 1809，The Swedish Parliament followed the example of the King in establishing a Chancellor，The establishment of an Bet365 app download was stipulated in a democratic constitution (i.e., the "Government Organization Law") formulated that year，As a parliamentary representative, "supervise whether judges and government officials abide by the law，And in accordance with due process of law，Use of violence in the performance of their duties、Those who violate the law or fail to perform duties related to their positions due to personal interests or other reasons will be prosecuted”。There was only one original Bet365 app download，To 1915，Parliament appoints another military Bet365 app download。After the end of World War II，The Military Bet365 app download and the Parliamentary Bet365 app download are merged into one office，Composed of 3 equal commissioners，collectively referred to as the Parliamentary Bet365 app download。When it was reorganized again in 1976，The number of ombudsmen increased to 4，One of them is the Chief Bet365 app download。The current Swedish Bet365 app download is not only elected by the parliament，There are also those appointed by the government and hired by civil society，Can be set by governments at all levels from the central to local governments。

　　The Bet365 app download is more professional

The Swedish Parliament establishes an Bet365 app download Office，The Office contains 4 ombudsmen，One of them is the Chief Bet365 app download，These four commissioners are responsible for different aspects of supervision tasks，The Chief Commissioner is responsible for overseeing taxation、Civil officials and clerical files，The other three commissioners are responsible for supervising the judiciary and prison administration respectively，Military and local governments and businesses、Public institutions and social welfare departments。The Office has an additional 50 staff members to assist the commissioner in his work，Including 23 legal workers (out of 23 legal workers，40% from ordinary courts and administrative courts，60% from government agencies) and 22 secretaries and support staff。And the Bet365 app download is more professional，Like Market Policy Bet365 app download、Bet365 app download for Equal Pay for Men and Women、Press Bet365 app download, etc.。

　　The scope of supervision covers almost all Bet365 app download areas

Article 2 of the Swedish "Parliamentary Bet365 app download Directive Act" stipulates: "The Bet365 app download supervises the court、Administrative agencies and local and regional government agencies and their public officials and employees，Supervise other individuals whose work involves the exercise of public authority、Officials and employees of public enterprises, etc.。”In fact，Except Cabinet Ministers、Justice、Federal or local MP、Directors of the Central Bank are not under the supervision of the Parliamentary Bet365 app download on Administration，The scope of supervision by the Bet365 app download covers almost all areas of government，Not only can monitor all general central and local administrative agencies，You can also survey people’s opinions about the police department、Ministry of Foreign Affairs、Security agencies and complaints about nationalized industries and health care。

　　Investigation based on citizen complaints or ex officio

The working method of the Bet365 app download is mainly to investigate and deal with complaints from citizens or in accordance with their authority。The Bet365 app download can exercise his supervisory power in the following ways: 1.Inspection: Each Bet365 app download has the right to inspect the institutions and units that need to be inspected when he deems it necessary，In order to find the problem，Suggestions for improvement。2.Review: Chapter 12, Article 6, Paragraph 2 of the "Government Organization Law" stipulates: "The Bet365 app download may attend the council of a court or administrative agency and has the right to inspect the minutes and documents of these agencies。”3.Accepting complaints: The Parliamentary Administrative Bet365 app download has the power to directly accept and handle complaints filed by citizens against the government。The result of handling the complaint includes rejection、Close the case directly、Refer to other agencies for processing or enter investigation procedures。In accordance with Article 19 of the Parliamentary Bet365 app download Directive Act，The Bet365 app download is obliged to inform the complainant of his opinion on the case as soon as possible。4.Investigation: If the parliamentary commissioner discovers problems in relevant departments through various channels，They have the right to proactively investigate。5.Penalty: Cases within the scope of authority，The Bet365 app download has the power to impose penalties。6.Legislative suggestion: The Bet365 app download has the power to supervise law enforcement，The commissioner has the right to propose legislative proposals when he discovers shortcomings in laws and policies。

　　my country’s petition Bet365 app download is a form of people’s participation in and deliberation of government affairs

Our country’s petition system is not the same system as the Western Bet365 app download system，They just have certain similarities。my country’s petition system has distinct political significance，It is a form of people’s participation in political affairs，It is the concrete embodiment of the people's democratic system，The Bet365 app download system does not have this effect。

By comparing our country’s petition system and foreign Bet365 app download system, we can see that: first，There is a certain conflict between the organizational design of the petition system and the current functional requirements。Second，The organizational composition of the petition agency needs to be improved，The organization is slightly bloated。Third，Loose petition system，The division of powers is not clear enough。Fourth，The working procedures of the petition department need further adjustment。

Judging from the current situation，Reform of the petition Bet365 app download is imperative，If the petition issue is not properly resolved, it may affect social harmony and stability。The reform of the petition Bet365 app download is a systematic project，Involving all aspects of society，The reform of the petition Bet365 app download itself is the most important part。

(Source: China Social Sciences Journal Author: Zhao Yingzuo Unit: Shanxi Normal University)

Editor in charge: virtual Bet365 app download user