Pointed out by Karl Polanyi，The source and foundation of modern society is the bet365 refer a friend code economy，Various changes in modern society are governed by dual movements，That is, "the continued expansion of the bet365 refer a friend code and the countermovements this movement encounters that restrict its expansion in specific directions"。The development of bet365 refer a friend code economy not only changes the economic and social structure，And it will pose a challenge to government governance，And prompt the government to reconstruct the governance structure and governance methods。This development logic，To understand the changes and challenges faced by grassroots governance in Chinese cities，Provides a better interpretation perspective。

　　Urban management encounters difficulties in the "post-unit system" era

Since the reform and opening up，With the pace of market-oriented reform，The influence of the unit system is gradually weakening，China’s urban grassroots governance has experienced institutional changes from the street-based system to the bet365 refer a friend code system。The economic system reform continues to decompose the social management functions undertaken by units、Strip out，Transfer responsibility to grassroots governments。As an agency dispatched by the grassroots government, the sub-district office assumes many responsibilities transferred from the unit，Become an organizational carrier that performs social management functions。At the same time，A large number of rural people are pouring into cities，The floating population continues to increase，The number of retired and laid-off people is increasing，Unprecedentedly complex social affairs are weighing on city managers。Under the idea of ​​strengthening territorial management，The focus of urban management begins to shift downward，City、The district and district governments delegate a large number of tasks to the sub-district offices，Added many new tasks to street work。

As a dispatched agency of grassroots government，The subdistrict office has limited public resources at its disposal，However, the social management tasks it undertakes are becoming more and more arduous。Under the current system，Resident committees are defined as mass self-governing organizations，But it depends on the street office for resource acquisition。While providing grants and subsidies to neighborhood committees and their activities，Neighborhood committees are also required to undertake many affairs and tasks。The neighborhood committee has actually become the "legs" of the subdistrict office，It relies too much on it，It’s difficult to go down but penetrate deeply into the residents。

　　The state promotes urban bet365 refer a friend code governance

In order to resolve the above dilemma，Since the 1990s，The country begins to promote the construction of urban communities。May 1991，Cui Naifu, former Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, listening to the work report of the Department of Grassroots Political Power Construction，Points out that grassroots organization construction should focus on “bet365 refer a friend code building”，For the first time, the concept of bet365 refer a friend code building was clearly proposed in our country。2000，The "Opinions of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Promoting Urban bet365 refer a friend code Construction Nationwide" forwarded by the two offices of the Central Committee pointed out，“Vigorously promote bet365 refer a friend code building，It is an inevitable requirement for my country’s urban economic and social development to a certain stage。”March 2001，bet365 refer a friend code construction is included in the development outline of the national “Tenth Five-Year Plan”。marked by a series of government actions，bet365 refer a friend code construction has achieved a perfect transition from academic research to public policy。

Entering the 21st century，Urban bet365 refer a friend code construction is generally carried out across the country。bet365 refer a friend code construction adheres to people-oriented approach、Serving residents，Introducing market mechanisms and social forces，Expand bet365 refer a friend code service resources，Form a government、A new governance structure in which the market and bet365 refer a friend code are embedded in each other。City government passes policy support、Fund subsidy、Resource Sharing、Various methods such as joint presence and joint construction，Mobilization agency、Group、Enterprises, institutions and individuals participate in bet365 refer a friend code construction，Improved bet365 refer a friend code service conditions and service facilities，bet365 refer a friend code private non-enterprises have also achieved rapid development。Under bet365 refer a friend code construction，The role of market mechanism continues to expand，It greatly enriches bet365 refer a friend code service projects，Effectively improve the supply efficiency of bet365 refer a friend code services，Provides multiple levels for bet365 refer a friend code residents、Diverse service options。

　　The balance between market power and bet365 refer a friend code self-protection movement

Market mechanism improves bet365 refer a friend code service conditions，Shows the vitality of government and market cooperation in providing bet365 refer a friend code services，At the same time, a series of anxious phenomena also occurred。Strong expansion of market mechanism，Excessive pursuit of commercial interests and operating profits，It will inevitably harm bet365 refer a friend code interests and environmental interests。So，The bet365 refer a friend code will “protect itself” by organizing social actions，Group conflicts are inevitable。Observe group conflict incidents at the bet365 refer a friend code level，Whether it is violent demolition、Property disputes，Still illegal charges、Illegal construction, etc.，What people often see is，The two sides of the game are in an asymmetric state，Market forces are in a strong position。In the government-led bet365 refer a friend code construction，Since most market entities enter with government approval，bet365 refer a friend code residents resist market power，It is easy to develop a sense of distrust towards the government。

Since the over-expansion of market mechanisms has brought new problems to bet365 refer a friend code governance，This requires the government to balance the power of the market and the self-protection movement of the bet365 refer a friend code。If the government does not take action to control market power、Guarantee the bet365 refer a friend code’s right to self-protection，Society will continue to stage mass incidents endlessly。Promote the construction of harmonious communities，Need to reconstruct bet365 refer a friend code governance structure，In government、Establishing a balance of power between the market and the bet365 refer a friend code。current，The most urgent thing is，Develop and improve bet365 refer a friend code civil organizations，Provide an effective organizational carrier for the expression and aggregation of residents’ interests。Currently，A certain number of civil society groups already exist in urban communities，But they lack public spaces to enhance contact and communication，Difficulty organizing collective actions to safeguard bet365 refer a friend code rights。Only when civil society reaches a certain quantity and quality，And when a network is formed based on interaction，Only these civil society groups will grow up to be able to cooperate with the government、Organizational form of enterprise dialogue。

　　More public spaces

Public space is the spatial foundation on which civil society is formed and maintained。Cultivation of bet365 refer a friend code civil organizations，Must provide public space for its activities。But，City leaders focus too much on commercial development，But neglected to create bet365 refer a friend code public space。Under the huge temptation of commercial interests，Compared to private spaces and commercial facilities，bet365 refer a friend code public space is always being squeezed。Limited bet365 refer a friend code public space，Many of them were leased and converted into commercial uses。Open bet365 refer a friend code public space，Includes bet365 refer a friend code square、Street Park、Cultural Activity Center、Leisure and entertainment facilities、Children’s play areas, etc.，Can enhance communication within the bet365 refer a friend code，Promote mutual interactions between people。Lack of bet365 refer a friend code public space，Encountered a group conflict of interest，Residents sat down to discuss、There is no place for negotiation，How can we rationally organize collective actions to counter infringements？

In order to promote the harmonious development of the bet365 refer a friend code，In bet365 refer a friend code development planning，City managers need to leave more public space for bet365 refer a friend code activities，This way，Various bet365 refer a friend code organizations will become active。Through them they bring bet365 refer a friend code residents together，Form an interest expression and aggregation mechanism，And organize collective action，It will form a counter force to market power and government infringement。This way，bet365 refer a friend code governance will form a "polycentric" structure。It protects the government、The respective autonomous action spaces of the market and bet365 refer a friend code organizations，At the same time, it restricts the other party’s infringement expansion。Compare with simple linear structure，This polycentric structure is obviously more complex、More flexible，It is also more conducive to ensuring good bet365 refer a friend code governance。

(Source: China Social Sciences Journal Author: Yang Hongshan Author Affiliation: School of Public Administration, Renmin University of China)