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This article is the "China Social Sciences" No. 1191Issue11One of the "Public Management" articles.

　The nature of a think tank is not non -profit and independence，It is to provide high -quality ideological products。This ideological product includes both policies to serve public decision -making、Suggestions and analysis reports，also includes public knowledge that has a positive role in economic and social development。

How to define a think tank，It has been an important issue for experts and scholars in related fields for a long time。Basically，The answers given by each scholar are different。Donald Ebolson, a well -known think tank research expert in Canada, proposed that think tanks are generally non -profit in public policy research、No party organization。James McCann, a famous American think tank research expert, thinks，Leaders from all over the world need think tank scholars to provide independent analysis，Help determine the policy agenda，Build a bridge between knowledge and action。Actually，The above definitions are only one of the icebergs in the concept of many think tanks。Think tank concept is so chaotic，On the one hand, it is because the development process of modern think tanks is not long，The corresponding think tank research work is still in the primary stage; on the other hand, because bet365 Play online games what kind of social organization is a think tank，There is no consensus in the academic community。

　　The official think tank becomes the main body of the Chinese contemporary thought library

We think，Think tank refers to a kind of service for public policy and public decision -making、Social organizations that produce public thoughts and public knowledge，Its basic characteristics include ideological innovation、Policy influence and public attention。Its main functions include providing ideological products (policy、Suggestion、Public knowledge, etc.)、Create a communication platform (hold forum、Report Meeting、Meet Meeting, etc.)、Cultivate public talents (Provide university、Enterprise、Talent flow platform between government)、Guide public opinion (providing ideological materials for authoritative media, etc.)。The above definition is largely different from the concept of traditional think tanks。We think，The nature of a think tank is not non -profit and independence，It is to provide high -quality ideological products。This ideological product includes both policies to serve public decision -making、Suggestions and analysis reports，also includes public knowledge that has a positive role in economic and social development。

Current，Some famous think tanks at home and abroad are corporate organizations with profitable characteristics，For example, McKinsey Consulting Company and Boston Consulting bet365 best casino games Company in the United States，For more than a zero -point survey company and Anbang Consulting company in the field of domestic public policy analysis in recent years。Although they are all market -oriented、Enterprise Organization with profit -making as an important goal，However。There are some such companies (represented by consulting companies)，On the one hand, they are for -profit organizations that pursue their own survival and healthy growth，At the same time, aspirations are high，With the prosperity of the country，Targeting public policy and service public decision -making，I have released a large number of policy recommendations and social survey results。

but，The most influential think tank in China is basically the official think tank or semi -official think tank。On the "China First Think Tank Forum" held in 2006，Academy of Social Sciences、The top ten famous think tanks represented by the Development Research Center of the State Council collectively displayed in front of people，They are official and semi -official think tanks。At the same time，Party committees and governments at all levels、Policy research institutions set up in party and government agencies and state -owned enterprises and institutions are the "invisible" think tanks that really promote public decision -making formed by the public.。Take the prefecture -level city as an example，Such official think tanks include the research room of the Municipal bet365 Play online games Party Committee、Municipal Government Research Office、Research Office of the Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee、Municipal Party Committee Party School, etc.，Their main functions are researching and introducing public policies，and directly report the research results to the main leaders of the superior party committee and government。

Under the current political system in China，Whether it is the Academy of Social Sciences or the Policy Research Office，All belong to the official think tank within the system，Do not have the so -called "independence"，But it is a think tank that really plays a role。Since it is a think tank in the system，China's official think tank can be seamlessly connected with the decision -making agency，Research results can be quickly and completely converted into a decision -making plan，Apply to actual work。Therefore，The operation mode and work results of the official think tank in China，Academy of Social Sciences、Research Room、The official think tanks represented by the party school have become the main body of the Chinese contemporary thought library。

In view of the above case and logic analysis，We think，Whether it has non -profit and independence，Cannot judge whether an organization is the standard of a think tank。The basic value of a think tank is whether it can propose a pioneering ideological perspective。

　　Can think tanks play a role

"Is the think tank useful" actually a series of questions: First of all，Is the think tank really useful? Second，What is the role of think tanks? at last，What mechanism does a think tank play a role?

Ebolson proposed，How much is the influence and role of think tanks on policy formulation and formation of policy formulation? This question has always troubled many scholars。Of course，Leaders and government officials of many think tanks are convinced that think tanks have a huge role in formulating policy formulation。Chairman of the Council of the Brukins Society, John Santon, pointed out，The Society has always adhered to the three core values ​​-quality、Independence and influence，Brukins's scholars helped create a social security system in the United States，and played an important role in the establishment of the United Nations。The policy of the traditional foundation advocates greatly affecting the ruling concept of the Reagan administration，"The Mission of Leaders" launched in 1980，A must -have manual for the government personnel of Liden。The current US President Obama is convinced of the importance of think tanks，In January 2009, he sworn in as president，32 scholars of the Brukins Society entered his ruling team，Many of them are core officials。Of course，Some scholars have different opinions，They think that the role of think tanks is limited，And the mechanism of its effectiveness is not obvious。We think，Think tanks have no doubt about policy decisions。

So，What can the think tank play? There are at least three bet365 Play online games forms of the influence of think tanks: set the agenda、Leading discussion and design policy。Empirical inspections based on China's reform practice over the past 30 years，The contribution of think tanks to China's economic and social development is huge。

What is the mechanism of the think tank influencing policy formulation process? Some scholars think，The mechanism of the utility of think tanks can use political theory (multiple theory、Elite theory and national theory)、Middle viewing theory based on policy processes、Explanation of the micro theory based on "knowledge use"。Some scholars have proposed，The "Rotating Door" mechanism is one of the most distinctive phenomena of American think tanks，The main function of the "Rotating Door" mechanism is reflected as building an interpersonal communication network、Building a bridge for knowledge and power, and promoting two -track diplomacy。We think，The interpretation of the operating mechanism of the think tank cannot be limited to political science、News Communication、Knowledge science and other theories，should be more from philosophy、Economics、Management、Sociological theory discussion，Of course，Research work in this area has a lot of room for development。

(Source: Chinese Journal of Social Sciences: Xu Xiaohu Chen Ye unit: School of Economics and Management of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)

　　

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