Knowledge and capital globalization since the 1990s，Let us go through & ldquo; upgrade the innovation mode & rdquo;，That is the linear innovation mode described from Roseville，Upgrade to a modular -based design -based network -based innovation mode。In the new stage of the development of the Internet of Things，It needs to be realized from technical efficiency to people -oriented transformation，Give full play to the potential of the Internet of Things value innovation through value innovation，A combination of technology and business。

The value innovation of the Internet of Things mainly comes from the IoT module innovation、IoT Integrated Innovation and IoT Business Model Innovation。where，Module innovation is the micro foundation of the Internet of Things value innovation model，Integrated innovation product (service) carrier，Innovation of business models forms a value channel，enable buyers and sellers to get value value -added。Module innovation makes the module combination more diverse，And the innovation of business model has greatly expanded the application boundary of the module，Make value innovation in larger areas。

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Modular design is a design mode that is very different from traditional product design。It divides the knowledge required by product design into explicit knowledge and hidden knowledge，Differential knowledge is design rules，It specifies the rules and interfaces of information exchange between product subsystems。Just follow the design rules，​​This module can play a role with other bet365 live casino games modules，How to design the design inside the module is hidden。This greatly reduces the mutual dependence between the parts inside the system，Bringing innovation & ldquo; The cost and interests of information concentration & rdquo;。

Modular design enables people to make full use of the hidden knowledge they control to innovate，without requiring & ldquo; authoritative & rdquo; consent。The freedom of innovation has caused innovation competition，Make the technological progress of the electronic information industry unfolding unprecedented speed。Baldwin and Clark equivalent the application of modular management ideas and methods as the role of railway transportation in the 19th century for the development of modern industrial development，Thinking of modular thoughts and practices brings a new era of industrial technology innovation。

Module organization is the basic division of labor organization of the Internet of Things，Compatibility、Extensibility in the environment、Modular and interactivity is the key design requirements of the Internet of Things。Productive knowledge is increasingly distributed，Challenge the traditional authoritative relationship，The extensive commission of decision -making in the internal organization of the enterprise becomes necessary，in order to make rights and knowledge coordinate with the positioning。The Internet of Things is a distributed knowledge system，Autonomy is the core of the Internet of Things，It requires a self -autonomous autonomy system based on node -based peer communication，to give full play to the advantages of the innovation of IoT modules。

　　IoT integrated innovation based on module concentration

The central problem to bet365 best casino games be solved to integrate innovative ideas is not the technical supply itself，is increasingly rich、The disconnection between complex technical resources and practical applications。Its logical starting point is to grasp the needs of technology，Create a matching relationship between creating products that meet the needs and the supply of rich technical resources。From a management perspective，Integration refers to a creative integration process，In the combination of each element，Inject creative thinking。

Personalized application solution is the core of the Internet of Things integration innovation model，This means: the plan provided by the enterprise must be comprehensive、Integrated，Being able to solve the needs of users; the solution must be personalized，Can bring the optimized value creation to customers; as a mode，Enterprises need to be able to face a large number of customers to provide customized solutions。The subsystem (module) that can be designed independently will be unified in accordance with a certain connection rule，Actions that constitute more complex systems or processes，Known as & ldquo; Module centralization & rdquo;。

In the Integrated Innovation Mode，Not only each module is integrated on a unified operation platform in accordance with technical rules，Instead of the guidance of the buyer's value innovation，Decision to integrate the type of module。Innovation of the Internet of Things、Frequent and Application，Depending on how much the Internet of Things can create value for customers with integration innovation。Take Dell's large -scale customized business model as an example，Computer modular structure allows computer enthusiasts themselves to DIY (do it your own)bet365 best casino games ，But Dell while customized to meet the buyer's personalized needs，A large -scale production (procurement) through a large number of homogeneous modules accumulated by a large amount of orders，This systematic method of realizing value innovation is Dell's competitive advantage。

Xiong Peter believes that innovation is & ldquo; creatively destroy the old combination，Realize the new combination & rdquo;。The Internet of Things is perception、Transfer、Module innovation of all links in intelligent processing，Provides a large number of alternative combination plans for the integrated innovation of the system。Operation through the & rdquo;，The system can be separated through the module、Remove、Alternative、Add、Integrated innovation，Provide customers with personalized value，Expand the technical application space。The expansion of the market further stimulates module innovation，Forms a benign cumulative cycle relationship，Make the Internet of Things with continuous value innovation capabilities。

Make the Internet of Things with continuous value innovation capabilities，The intelligent processing of the Internet of Things needs to select a small number of better combinations from these combinations，Reduce people’s decision -making costs。Integration and innovation of the Internet of Things needs to adhere to customer value creation orientation，Integrated innovation emphasizes the best match between new functions and user needs。So，Intelligent level of the Internet of Things、Computing power has become an important factor in determining value innovation。

　　The Internet of Things business model innovation is based on network fusion　　

The key to network fusion is not the scale economy of the so -called basic bet365 live casino games network construction of several networks，but the value innovation potential brought by the interconnection between the network。The scale of the Internet of Things expands，Provides more possibilities for module combinations，The system provides consumers with more options，Network interconnection will increase the value of the network geometric level。At the same time，Network fusion instead of combining one，You can form a competition of value innovation between the Internet，This will form a huge promotion of technological progress and business model innovation。Network fusion brings the potential of unlimited value innovation，The modularization of the Internet of Things decentralized forms a wide range of tentacles for the development of the development industry，Innovation through modules、Innovation Innovation、Innovation in business model，Try the possibility of customer value innovation from all aspects，Make the Internet of Things era present unprecedented three -dimensional innovation scene。

The Internet of Things mainly lies in the opening of the opening of the loop，That is, through the interconnection of each network，Form new value creation opportunities。In the opening mode，Innovation of the Internet of Things business model needs to solve two key problems: First, the standard system problem of interconnection and interoperability of the Internet，Second, the property rights belonging of digital assets。

A mature technology、Service perfect、Many product types、Application interface friendly application，will be by the device provider、Technical solution provider、Operator、Results of the cooperative cooperation of service providers。Business model innovation requires the coordination of multiple innovative subjects，It bet365 best casino games is very important to form an optimized standard architecture。Quickly develop in technology、A variety of environmental changes in user needs，The architecture of the Internet of Things is not static。Need to establish a network connection between enterprises and enterprises，Adopting a cooperative form to integrate and scattered knowledge resources，Promoting the evolution of architecture，The business model innovation of the Internet of Things is a process of network coordination。

Under the Internet of Things，The asset of the optimal value is not a sensor and computer，but its massive data resources。But who does its property rights belong to? The protection of privacy is just one aspect of the problem，The core is who has the right to control these data，and get benefits from it。When the Internet of Things concentrates a large number of companies、Personal data，The ownership of these digital assets belongs to the government、Enterprise or many consumers? The definition of property rights is not easy，The arrangement of the relevant system will largely affect the direction and efficiency of the innovation of the Internet of Things business model。Since the number is asset，Not free，When the Internet of Things enterprises are innovating in business models，Balance between cost (data acquisition) and income (customer value creation) must be obtained，Companies with strong ability in this regard will have a competitive advantage。

(Author Unit: School of Management of Fudan University)