Management concept has experienced a continuous development process，Examine the behavior of people from simply a narrow sense，To examine the interactive process between people、The mutual dependence and fusion of people and enterprises，Then to study the behavior mode of people from the high degree of social culture。Applicable areas of management actually include various industries and fields of society，But due to the special nature of the enterprise and the tightness of the organization，Management is more urgent and necessary in the enterprise field，So the production generation and development are mostly closely linked with the enterprise。& ldquo; People & rdquo; The importance in the enterprise has become more and more clear，Enterprises gradually focus on & ldquo; money & rdquo;、& ldquo; objects & rdquo; management steering to & ldquo; people & rdquo;。Another，The understanding of management has also continued to experience changes，The concept and connotation change with the continuous progress of social civilization，even profoundly affects the evolution of management concepts and management ideas。

Management activities have already existed in human history for thousands of years，But only in the past few hundred years，Especially last century，The transition of analysis with philosophy and social sciences，Management was systematically refined and studied，Differentiated from the state of chaotic and hazy state in the past，Gradually form a knowledge system，Become a formal discipline。and actually，With the changes in philosophy and social bet365 Play online games sciences and the continuous emergence of so -called emerging and modern disciplines，Emerging branches have sprung up after the rain，The field of management has also been continuously derived from various branches of emerging management sciences。

Management ideas from diversification to integration

20The first half of the century is a period of diversification of management ideas，Management Study focuses on the field of economy and industry，There are three main mainstream factions:

First, scientific management school。This school looks at management from the perspective of how to improve operators，Take the company as a machine，and the manager is an engineer，They are convinced that as long as there are available machines, they can maintain normal operation，Any issues that failed to reach the expected results caused by employees，can be regarded as engineering problems，Just add some lubricating oil (money is of course the best lubricant)，The machine will return to normal。Prove the facts，Going forward the more the times，The weaker the effectiveness of this method。Because they mainly regard people as machines，Lack of deep care of humanities and human nature。This management system needs to be constantly corrected and updated。The social foundation generated by this management school is also related to the level of evolution of human civilization，related to the level of social evolution，It is the abstraction and summary of practical experience。This kind of school emphasizes the instrumental side of people，closely linked with the development of human cognition at that time。

The second is quantitative analysis school。This school focuses on developing application mathematics methods，Proposal will be statistical、The optimization model and computer simulation bet365 Play online games are applied to management decision -making。Proof of facts，The effect of this method is not obvious，Because the manager directly understands the company’s realistic activities and problems，instead of using this abstract activity。The birth of this school is also mainly related to the development of modern philosophy and sociology，Modern philosophy and science are constantly having axiom、Disciplinary movement，This leads to the continuous rise of quantitative sociology，and make the management science deeply put on this mark。This school mainly focuses on theoretical research and some empirical research，The specific transaction work involved usually depends on people’s experience and judgment。

Third is the human resources school。This school emphasizes the important role of human resources in enterprises，Focus on the management of people。The birth of this school is mainly derived from the inherent defects of management schools and quantitative schools，It is the correction of the inherent defects inherent in the inherent defects of the previous two major schools。The school that produces the ultimate care and attention of human nature and human beings，is the product of social progress and civilization。

20The second half of the century，Under the background of the three major factions to integrate，Human Resources School shows strong vitality，It constitutes a modern point of view of incentive and leaders。

Evolution of Human Resources School

Human Resources School has many genres and theoretical thoughts，Division of the age according to its formation，It mainly includes the following theories:

（1) Industrial Psychology Thought (1912Years)。Research on Research Work，What kind of psychological characteristics should be used for identifying the most suitable person Bet365 lotto review who should have a certain job，I think the psychological conditions of employees are extremely important，Reflects the importance and care of people。

（2) System Organization Theory (1938Years)。The collective behavior characteristics of the research system organization，It is believed that the enterprise is composed of people with interactive social relations，The main role of the manager is to communicate and motivate employees to do their best，Make the requirements of the company combined with the needs of employees。This theory emphasizes the system of system，It is the result of comprehensive interweaving and human understanding of modern science and humanities。

（3) Requirement level theory (1943Years)。Human needs include five levels，From basic food and housing to complex self -implementation，Arrange according to layers，Only one step in the demand level is met，The needs of the next level will be activated; once a person's needs are fully met，I will no longer have an incentive effect on behavior，At this time, people will pursue higher -level demand，Rising step by step，The inherent motivation that humans continue to work。This study of anatomy and analysis of people into a micro -depth，The laws it revealed basically meets the general trend，It is the development of modern disciplines、The results of the profound impact of modern philosophy on human and human psychological research，It is the product of the development of modern thinking disciplines。and self -realization (that is, exerting all the potential of personal potential) is the highest demand for human survival。

（4) Reinforcement theory (1956Years)。In management，Positive reinforcement is to motivate the behavior required by those organizations，bet365 best casino games To strengthen this behavior; negative strengthening is to punish those behaviors that are incompatible with the organization，to weaken this behavior。

（5）XTheory andYTheory (1960Years)。Managers' views on human nature are based on some assumptions。This hypothesis depends on the convenience of research work，Facts，Few humanity is in two extreme places，and usually between the two，So the application of these two theories must have the right to change。These two theories are right in theoretical form，But in the specific application, it is necessary to treat the situation in detail。

（6) Double factor incentive theory (1966Years)。The theory thinks，Make employees satisfied at work，All are factors that belong to the work itself or work content; make employees feel dissatisfied，All are factors in the working environment or work relationship。The former is called an incentive factor，The latter is called health care factor。Inspirational factors refer to those positive attitudes、Factors of satisfaction and motivation，Including achievements、Appreciation、Growth and development opportunities, etc.。To mobilize the enthusiasm of employees，Not only should pay attention to external factors such as material interests and working conditions，More attention to the arrangement of work and the spiritual encouragement of employees。Solution with the problem of food and clothing，The importance of this incentive will become more and more obvious。And this theory actually examines the dual unity of human social attributes and natural attributes, as well as their influence on human rights。

（7) Effective manager theory (1974Years)。The theory thinks，The efficiency of managers is often the most critical factor that bet365 live casino games determines the efficiency of enterprise work，The first activity of effective management is the environment of analysis and management，Clarifying problems that must be solved by improving work efficiency，This theory emphasizes the important impact of managers on the organization。

（8）ZTheory (1981Years)。The theory thinks，The success of all companies is inseparable from trust、Sensitive and intimate，Proposal with frankness、Open、Communication is the basic principle，Implement democratic management。The higher the degree of civilization of this kind of society，The stronger the foundation of trust，The more intense contract spirit of society and individuals。The contract spirit contains equality、Freedom、Open、tolerance、Concepts and thoughts of modern civilization such as trust。

（9) Corporate Culture Theory (1981Years)。The theory thinks，Corporate culture is an important part of corporate competitiveness，It emphasizes the importance of soft factors and soft environment in corporate organizations，Dip out of a organization from the naked material hard shell，Emphasize the decision -making and influence of soft environment and flexible。

（10) Learning Enterprise Theory (1990Years)。The theory thinks，The learning atmosphere of the entire corporate organization by cultivating the entire corporate organization，Give full play to the organic creative ability of employees、High flexible、flat、Aponement of humanity、Organization companies that can sustainable development，Can make employees have a common wish。This theory emphasizes dynamics、Development、Changeability，is a theoretical system that is more in line with modern society。

(Author Unit: Forecast Research Center of the Bet365 app download University of Electronic Science and Technology、School of Economics and Management)