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Technology R & D as an important theme has been studied for many years。From the early prosperous market and economy to the global market that is highly competitive today，The environment has always affected the method of technology research and development。Industrial laboratory (such as Bell Lab、Palo Alto Institute、Lockheed Martin, etc.) The early research and development of the representative，Companies that have been more focused on the market (such as 3M) alternative，New products move towards the market at a faster speed。For the past 60 years，The characteristics of technology research and development are constantly evolving，experienced six development stages。

During the first generation of technology research and development，Most of the new products produced are sold，The technology of new industries is considered a remedy for small issues as a whole。The first generation of R & D is based on such a assumption，The more R & D investment，The more output, the more output。In short，R & D is considered an indirect cost，It is considered a linear process from technology to the market in terms of research and development.。

At the second generation of technology research and development phase，Market supply and demand relationship tends to stabilize，Competition begins to become fierce，The company manager realizes，Must be in the management laboratory，Focus on more Bet365 lotto review energy on items that can serve business。They start to pay attention to internal customers，Application and expanded project management practice developed during the war，and use project management methods to guide and monitor technology research and development。In this environment，The company values ​​short -term demand，Ignore long -term technology research and development，Enterprises depend on market preferences，R & D is mainly promoted by the market，This reflects a process that is the opposite of the first generation of technology research and development to a certain extent。Now，Enterprises collect new views from the market，Then it is redefined and developed by the R & D department。

The long -term success of the enterprise depends to a large extent on the results of the R & D laboratory，But at that time, the technology research and development work was unpredictable，No one knows when it will develop products that meet market preferences。In order to alleviate continuous growth but inevitable financial difficulties，People use evaluation tools to expected the return of R & D investment，So the concept of the third generation developed appeared。

During the third -generation technology research and development period，The characteristics of the economic environment are high inflation and demand saturation。The demand for cost control and cost reduction of enterprises，Make R & D to reduce waste behavior by improving new technologies。Usually the company's preference is & ldquo; low risk & mdash; high returns & rdquo; those projects。The emphasis on the technology research and development process will be closely bet365 live casino games linked to all aspects of the research and development，At the same time, linking technical capabilities and market demand at the same time。This combination of this combination of research and development，It also emerges many evaluation techniques and methods。

In this generation of technology research and development，Enterprises determine the current needs of customers through market surveys，and provide corresponding technology through research and development、Develop new products and services to meet this need。During this period，Enterprises only pay attention to the needs of customers who clearly express their wishes。but，This type of iceberg needs to be just needed by customers，Enterprises often ignore customers' potential needs。Customers must guess the products they can get in the future、Service and infrastructure。At the same time，Seller must guess market demand for the development of new products and services。During this period，Technical R & D Starting Factive Factors affecting the technology life cycle。Copy due to competitors，Innovative technology that changes market demand may soon lose its characteristics。Therefore，Business route map，Linking technology development with products and services on every line of business。Technical R & D projects often analyze in a matrix。This matrix includes competitive advantages、Risk、Survival cycle、Technical Development Time、Appropriate core business strategy and resource allocation。

In the fourth -generation technology research and development stage，from bet365 live casino games Toyota, Japan、Sony and Honda and other companies launched a time -based competitive mode，Make business people start re -thinking about diversified strategies，and tend to return to the core business。For many people，The automobile industry becomes a model representative of this competitive model。The focus of the corporate focus from developing traditional products，Turn to expand the concept of the product to the entire business environment。New product concepts include service、Sales and diversified product platforms。In research and development，The process of the development of new products is valued。At the same time，When the company emphasizes speed，Integration of activities and parallel operations are considered an important factor in success。

During the fifth -generation R & D period，Global competition is even more intense，Technical change is faster，The demand for high R & D expenses by different enterprises is even more prominent。In this environment，The boundary of the R & D activities of the enterprise is extended。R & D needs to interact with the business environment，Including competitors、distributor、Consumers、Supplier, etc.，Coordinated and integrated abilities began to be valued by enterprises。Typical typical of this fast integration system，Most of them come from computer hardware and software companies，For example, Microsoft、Nets and Dell。Enterprise attaches importance to the ability to develop product development quickly，The ability to control speed is more important。Under this logic，Through split research bet365 live casino games tasks to reduce uncertainty, it becomes a common practice。

By combing the above five generations of R & D innovation process，We think，Starting in the early 2000s，has entered the sixth -generation R & D innovation stage，R & D has gradually evolved into an enterprise behavior that pursues integration。and the complexity of enterprise research and development is still growing。This growing complexity，Requires enterprises to consider more factors (such as interoperability、Industrial Design、Environment、Manufacturing、After -sales market)，More role cooperation with the traditional R & D department (such as sales and manufacturers、Supplier、Competitors、distributor)，New technologies to business more effectively (such as timely and effective delivery of new products by predicting product quality)。The reason why companies are required to consider more factors，It is due to the complexity of the product and technology; it is required to cooperate with more roles，It is due to professional development and huge R & D investment; it is required to commercialize technology more effectively，It is due to the needs of the return and the huge price paid by the backward。

Facing this growing complex challenge，Technology R & D will appear a series of new working methods。Unlike the transformation developed by generations in the past，The sixth generation R & D is a more fundamental change。The pursuit of the enterprise R & D laboratory is more jump -type innovation。This transformation can be regarded as a research part of the company's bet365 best casino games re -focus on research and development。But，Enterprise R & D Lab will not appear again，A new method is replaced。

Sixth -generation technology research and development is improving understanding、The possibility of participating and developing those breakthroughs that affect industrial technology。Sixth -generation technology research and development re -focused research part，Enterprises establish a contact through loose diversified technology research and development networks，Expand and improve your ability。The pursuit of breakthrough progress，It will present other organizational methods and form a new industrial role。This new industrial role will play an intermediary role in the research and development process。And these scattered intermediary agencies may be like developing market channels、Information provider and even the search in the new application field play a role。Diversity technology、Multi -project network management，will be a major theme developed in this generation。

(Author Unit: Business School of Central University of Finance and Economics)

Reprinted Please indicate Source: China Social Sciences Journal

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