The third industrial revolution and management change
2013 April 24, 2013 14:28 Source: "China Social Sciences", April 24, 2013, Issue 443 Author: Wang Qin

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The Third Industrial Revolution & RDQUO; The main concept of energy foundation & rdquo; and & ldquo; structural technical foundation & rdquo;。The former emphasizes renewable energy、distributed energy production and configuration、The impact of technological changes such as hydrogen energy storage and new energy vehicles; while the latter emphasizes big data、Artificial intelligence、Robot、Digital manufacturing and other technologies have the impact of technology on future manufacturing paradigms。

New technology is gathered from the trickle stream to become rivers,Form a new technical paradigm。Big Data、Smart Manufacturing、3D printers and other new technologies are accelerating application,Make the outline of the third industrial revolution & rdquo;。& ldquo; Digitalization、Intelligent and customized & rdquo; Made in & ldquo; an important feature of the third industrial revolution & rdquo;,Large -scale customization will become the main production organization method。

The understanding of the third industrial revolution & rdquo; should not be limited to the technical basis、Production organization and lifestyle change,Deeper is the system and management change,is a change of social resource allocation mechanism。& ldquo; The third industrial revolution & rdquo; What brings a subversive change。It can be said,Enterprises all over the world stand on a new starting line,Go to find the road to the third industrial revolution & rdquo; the road of management change and institutional innovation of the characteristics of the era。

  The logic of management change: Social resources & ldquo; re -balance & rdquo;

bet365 live casino games Big data & rdquo;、& ldquo; Intelligent manufacturing & rdquo; and & ldquo; wireless network & rdquo;。Enter & ldquo; Big Data & RDQUO; Times,Massive data processing and storage becomes light and easy。Enterprises can quickly discover、merge、Manage a variety of data sources,This will further improve the accuracy of management prediction,Make precision marketing、Personalized marketing in -depth advancement; combined with business processes,Promote the organization from & ldquo; flat & rdquo; truly move towards & ldquo; Netlated & rdquo;。

Automation technology and information systems in the field of supply chain management are widely used,This is regarded as the clue of & ldquo; smart manufacturing & rdquo;,But it is just & ldquo; smart manufacturing & rdquo; a wave flower in the wave。Current,Computer modeling、Digital manufacturing technologies such as simulation technology and new industrial design software are accelerating promotion,Industrial design concepts and processes are accelerating; artificial intelligence is quickly applied in the industrial field,The new industrial manufacturing system has self -decision -making、Self -maintenance、Self -learning or even self -organized ability; industrial robots are developing in the direction with a variety of perception capabilities and adaptive capabilities for the operating environment,Not a simple replacement of labor; 3D printing to make digits、laser、New Material、Wireless network technology organic combination,Directly & ldquo; print & rdquo;,Artificial joints、Tooth、Toys、Cars have become its work。Recent,& ldquo; Print & rdquo;。Each family has a 3D printer like & ldquo; direct digital manufacturing & rdquo; system,Print & ldquo; The product I want & bet365 live casino games rdquo;,No longer a distant dream。

Wireless network technology has reduced people's cost search and communication costs。Whenever I time、Where,People are linked more closely through the wireless network,The scenes of billions of people can conduct real -time information communication and commodity transactions are in front of them。

Management change is more reflected in the changes in the internal and external relationships of the enterprise。In this situation,The company will be in a brand new & ldquo; commercial ecology & rdquo;。Consumers have greater options、stronger influence,More high requirements for goods reflecting the value of value; the transaction costs between enterprises and enterprises are significantly reduced,and the increase in the response speed requirements,Promote enterprises from the pursuit of & ldquo; internal integration & rdquo; turn to & ldquo; cooperate & rdquo;,higher instant time requirements for departments or teams,Organization level has become an obstacle,Node、Node connection and dynamic networking are necessary; in addition to earning wages,Employees' pursuit of fairness and value is higher,& ldquo; Employment relationship & rdquo; It is no longer the proper form of natural relationship between enterprises and employees。

The logic of future management changes is social resources & ldquo; re -balance & rdquo;。Management change for nearly 100 years,Basically, it follows the logic of the management function & ldquo; re -balance & rdquo;,It is mainly based on the five major management functions proposed by Fayer to increase or decrease the management function,adjustment and combination between management functions。This logic is already difficult to guide today's management change。Under subversive changes in the relationship between the internal and external bet365 live casino games relationships of the enterprise,Dynamic changes in corporate boundaries,Enterprises only rely on internal resources、It is difficult to create value in existing resources。This requires enterprises to understand from the perspective of society & ldquo; resources & rdquo;,To understand the value creation of the enterprise、Transmission and acquisition。In the new & ldquo; commercial ecology & rdquo; middle,Need to properly handle the relationship between the internal resources of the enterprise and the consumer (user) resource relationship、The relationship between the coordinated integration of resources between enterprises and enterprises、Enterprise has the relationship between resources and new resources、The relationship between the internal and high -level resources of the enterprise and the grassroots resources,This is social resources & ldquo; re -balance & rdquo;。

Re -balanced & rdquo; change logic,Consumer (user) resources should be internalized into the strategic resources of the enterprise; enterprises should find effective & ldquo; Complete resources & rdquo;,Create value for consumers together; the existing resources of the enterprise may become an obstacle for value creation,and should be focused on new resources; break the hierarchical segmentation,Realize resource sink,It has also become an important path for the internal collaboration of the enterprise。According to this logic,& ldquo; Social manufacturing & rdquo;、& ldquo; Platform enterprise & rdquo;、& ldquo; Network organization & rdquo;、& ldquo; Open innovation & rdquo; and so on,All have become hot words for management change。

  Enterprise Manufacturing VS Social Manufacturing

Enterprise Creation、The way to transmit and obtain value is changing。The traditional way of manufacturing the enterprise first is manufactured and then bet365 live casino games sold to consumers,will be consumer & ldquo; My product、I made & rdquo; replaced by the concept,The role of consumer participation value formation process is further highlighted。On the value chain,Consumers are not only a buyer,And the co -creator and sharer of the value。& ldquo; Manufacturing & rdquo; No longer completed by the enterprise alone,& ldquo; The social attributes of manufacturing & rdquo; are gradually amplifying,and surpass our current understanding and application of & ldquo; social media & rdquo;。

& ldquo; Micro -manufacturing & rdquo;。Computer simulation simulation technology、Digital manufacturing、3D printing and cloud computing technology applications,Make & ldquo; manufacture & rdquo; and & ldquo; Consumers & rdquo;。An example that seems to be more extreme now,It is a large number of appeared in the organization & ldquo; micro -manufacturing & rdquo;,Personalized manufacturing is realized。The design and manufacturing cost disorder that people are worried about,The application and development of the above technology will gradually fade。

& ldquo; parallel & rdquo; innovation and & ldquo; open & rdquo; innovation。With the maturity of digital manufacturing technology in the whole process,& ldquo; Design、Development and manufacturing & rdquo; integrated product development will turn the traditional & ldquo; linear & rdquo; innovation process into integrated & ldquo; parallel & rdquo; innovation process,& ldquo; Make & rdquo; directly becomes part of innovation。At the same time,Innovation is not & ldquo; closed & rdquo;,but for the whole society & ldquo; open & rdquo;,Integrated、Integrated the highest quality innovative resources becomes more important。

  Large Enterprise VS Platform Enterprise

Dell said a word,& ldquo; Whenever my computer price reduces the price,Bet365 app download Dell shares will drop。but,Whenever Sony game console is at the price reduction,Sony stock is rising。If you don’t understand the truth,I can only sell the computer like me & rdquo;。This sentence points out the differences in the profit model between traditional large enterprises and platform -type enterprises。The current management knowledge mostly comes from the successful experience of large or giant enterprises in the background of the previous two industrial revolutions,Section theory、Scientific management、The organization of the business department is all the classic。& ldquo; The third industrial revolution & rdquo; in the background,The applicability of these theories has been challenged。

Future competition between enterprises is platform competition。Facing the new business ecology,Market transaction complexity is greatly improved,Enterprises must carry out profit model innovation: from paying attention to unilateral transactions to attention to bilateral or even multilateral transactions,From paying attention to unilateral network effects to focusing on bilateral network effects。Behind the market value of Apple Corporation exceeds the iconic incident of Mobil Petroleum Company,We see not only Apple mobile phones,See the app store downloads exceeding 30 billion,The total number of applications reaches 650,000 kinds,Developers involved in about 120 countries (as of June 12, 2012)。Someone in the industry summarized: Yesterday, I saw Nokia,Look at Apple Today,Look at Android in the future。The story of a platform -based enterprise is continuing to write。

(Author Unit: Institute of Industrial and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

  

  

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