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Current，The innovative environment of an enterprise has changed drastically，Uncertainty、Further enhanced complexity and vagueness。Environmental changes have proposed new challenges for corporate innovation management theory and practice。In the past, we only focused on the internal innovation behavior of the enterprise，or some independent innovative behaviors、Innovation of single technology。but，Today we have entered & ldquo; innovative ecosystem & rdquo; Times，Not only need to pay attention to the internal innovation behavior of the enterprise，It is also necessary to consider effective collaborative innovation with other companies、User's participation、Effective transmission and application of innovative results，More attention to the entire & ldquo; innovation ecosystem & rdquo; construction and continuous operation。

　　New changes in the scope, organization and behavior of innovation

　　Scope of Innovation:From & ldquo; closed competition & rdquo; heading & ldquo; open cooperation & rdquo;。Potter thinks，Competitive advantage comes from & ldquo; Enterprises create greater value than competitors through their own innovation & rdquo;。Let's say，The conclusion of innovation and creation value is not wrong，But & ldquo; How to innovate & rdquo;、& ldquo; The scope of innovation & rdquo;。The innovation of a single independent enterprise can no longer catch up with the pace of changes in the external environment，Innovation is more by cooperating with multiple enterprises in one innovative ecosystem，Innovation boundary has exceeded the existing border of the enterprise。The challenge of innovation has taken from the company to external，Facing rapid changes in technology and market，Require enterprises to get out of the barriers of internal innovation，Active open innovation，Realize innovation through the collaboration and complement of partners。Actually，Haier、Apple、Google these companies created for users，Not only done by these companies。

　　Innovation Organization:From & ldquo; integrated & rdquo; towards & ldquo; platform & rdquo;。& ldquo; Integrated & rdquo; It has always been an important strategic choice and organizational method in the economic background，It is also an innovative organization method that many companies are happy to adopt。but，When the external environment of the enterprise has changed a lot，& ldquo; Integrated & rdquo; show & ldquo; Organizational rigidity & rdquo;，Can't adapt to technical and market changes well，Reality requires enterprises to be in the organization of innovation activities，It must have a certain & ldquo; elastic & rdquo;。& ldquo; Platform & rdquo; It is an important strategic choice and organizational form in the background of the network economy，It is an & ldquo; open & rdquo; and & ldquo; closed & rdquo; dynamic balance，is the specific application of & ldquo; innovative ecosystem & rdquo;。It allows enterprises to have a certain & ldquo; elastic & rdquo; when organizing innovation activities，Can make the enterprise's innovative activities with technology and market change.，Innovation and joint evolution of relevant partners with upstream and downstream。

　　Innovative behavior:From & ldquo; linear innovation & rdquo; to the emergence of innovation & rdquo;。Talk about innovation，We will think of basic research、Application research、Product development、An innovative activity process such as engineering and commercialization。Corresponding to it is technical promoting innovation、Market driving innovation and two -way interactive innovation。These types of innovation are all defined by & ldquo; linear innovative thinking & rdquo;。Current innovation more shows the characteristics of & ldquo; non -linear & rdquo;，Especially in & ldquo; breakthrough technology innovation & rdquo; above，This feature is more obvious。Innovation has strong uncertainty，It is difficult & ldquo; plan & rdquo; and & ldquo; plan & rdquo;，It can be said that it is & ldquo;，I have to do & rdquo;。& ldquo; Innovation & rdquo; It is an effective way to deal with this uncertainty。Enterprises need to cultivate friendly & ldquo; Innovative ecosystem & rdquo;，Cultivate an innovative environment，Creating opportunities and passion for creating innovation，Respect and motivates innovation，The continuous emergence of innovative behaviors，Separational evolution of relevant parties。

　　Innovation ecosystem theory Based on network innovation and open innovation theory

As a further development of network innovation and open innovation theory，Innovation ecosystem Theory is a theory of explaining corporate innovation from the perspective of enterprise bionics。Hannan and Freeman proposed & ldquo; Organizational population ecology & rdquo;，It is believed that all tissues with a common form in a specific boundary form a population group，The degree of dependence on the environment in the same group of organizations in the same population，thus affecting the activities and structures of these organizations。Moore thinks，Enterprise ecosystem is an economic consortium based on organizational and individual interactions。Adner thinks，Enterprise innovation is often not bet365 Play online games a achievement that a single enterprise can complete，Instead, it is necessary to collaborate with a series of partners，Only the product of customer value can be produced。Li Xiangzheng and Zhan Yongfei think，The essence of the innovative ecosystem lies in integration of knowledge，Make an innovative subject with completeness。From the perspective of knowledge acquisition channels，can be divided into internal knowledge and external knowledge; from the knowledge nature required for innovation，Can be divided into innovative subject knowledge and innovative collaboration。

The innovative ecosystem is jointly participated by the multi -subject。The innovative ecosystem consists of a variety of biological species (member)，Various complex relationships between members。Biological species mainly include individual and homogeneous enterprises (the same technology、Supplier、User, etc.)，If consumers、Supplier、Market Intermediary、Financial institutions and investors。Various complex relationships with each other have vertical relationships，If supplier、Consumers、Market intermediary agencies, etc.，There is a horizontal relationship，Such as competitors、Enterprises in other industries、Government Department、University、Scientific research institutions、Relations between stakeholders。bet365 live casino games They form the core ecosystem、Expansion ecosystems and full ecosystem three levels。Christoph, etc.，The main body of the system includes platform providers、Service provider、Customers and intermediary organizations。

The innovative ecosystem is centered on the platform。The innovative ecosystem is open formed by the interweaving of a variety of different subjects、Multi -dimensional、Complex network structure that has evolved together。Each ecosystem of which is an open、Dynamic system that exchanged comprehensive resources with society and constantly make internal adjustments，Therefore, it has the characteristics and functions of its own system。Objects of the research of innovative ecosystems gradually expand from individuals to population range，Last expansion of the relationship between the breeds。Chen Siqin proposed the technical innovation system model based on an innovation platform，from the core layer、Development application layer and innovation platform composition。

(Author Unit: Institute of Industrial and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)