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April 29, 2022 11:24 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences", April 29, 2022, Issue 2398 Author: Yang Zhijian

YPRES is a small town near the French border with West Franders, Belgium。This small town has emerged in the period when the European textile industry is prosperous,The center of the Ferris Bupe once once became the center。

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The Textile Club located in the city center was built between 1260-1304,is the main place for cloth transactions。Behind the Textile Club,There is a Cathedral built in the same period,In front of the Textile Club,is the famous large square。Grand Plaza is a gathering place in the center of the city,Also known as Grot Market,Square is the market。With the disappearance of cloth trade hundreds of years ago,Ioper becomes the center of the surrounding wealthy agricultural area,Every Saturday,Grand Market gathered in the bustling bustling、A crowd of the shoulders,Reappear the past scene。Surrounding Eperel,You can still see a large defensive city wall、Fortress and Hugu River,This aspect reminds us that it was rich and powerful,On the other hand, let us see that the war has always been like a shadow,Fighting for wealth and control has also become part of the turbulent history of Eperel。

Ioper City has continued a traditional holiday to this day ——,It is held on the second Sunday of May each year,On this day, 10,000 people empty alleys,Citizens all flood to Grot Square in front of the Textile Club,The themes are all around cats。In addition to the color car、Performance and Metal Parade,Another highlight is to throw the "cat" from the tower in the city center.。Some travel introductions,Iper's Cat Festival originated from the Middle Ages,Because the plague was raging Bet365 lotto review at the time,People use cat's sacrifice to pray for the "forgiveness" of the rat。At that time,Witch hunting wind is flourishing,Black Cats also hunted and killed,Maybe it is an important reason。Danicon Grand Museum Dominiek Dendooven told me,The reason why people fall to death is mainly because cats have damaged cotton textile production at that time,Its claws that are not honest often make the weaving machine a mess。The tower used to drop the cat,In fact, it was also part of the textile market。Speaking of which,The formation of a local custom is still based on the specific social production。With the progress of civilization,Iper's cat no longer suffers from this doom,The "cat" left in the clown's hand has become a cute toy cat,People are able to grab these toy cats as a blessing。

During the First World War,Ioper is located on the prominent part of the Western Front Battlefield,Has an extremely important strategic position,The Battle of the Ioper made this area a test field for the new weapons and new technologies of both sides,Become a deputy to become a deputy、The "Death Zone" of the corpse bones。

The first Ioper Battle began on October 19, 1914,The British army took the lead in launching an attack from Yipier,After both sides pay a huge sacrifice,The battlefield is caught in stuck。Ioper City ignited the fire in the fierce artillery bombing of the German army,Many medieval buildings, including the textile club, have become broken walls。The son of the famous German printmaker Kaisui Kolliezhi Peter Peter died in this Battle of the Iper。Post -war,Kaisui Kollie's branch representatives of thousands of lost their son's mother,Created the famous sculpture "The Parental of the Dead Son" standing by the famous sculpture standing next to the Dix Modflad Lodo Army in Belgium,To express heavy sorrow。

Bet365 lotto review April 22, 1915,As Revenge,The Germans launched the second Ioper Battle。This battle is infamous in the history of war because of the first large -scale use of chemical warfares。A kind of war poisonous gas is therefore named YPérite (mustard gas) -ypér (ie ypres,IEPER)+ITE。About this word related to poisonous gas,Philip Vanhaelemersch, Dean of the Confucius Institute at the Confucius Institute of Confucius Institute in Belgium, also tells us a story: On the street next to the Museum of Eperl Battle,A bar called YPérite, once opened,Treating strong resistance from local citizens,Last Bar closed at the closing of the door.。Obviously,The painful mark of poisonous gas is still firmly imprinted on the city of Ioper like a scar,It witnessed the darkest moment of European civilization,Can't be deconstructed by the latter modern style of jokes and nothingness。

After a tragic war,Ioper has become a dead city and ruins。The Iper we saw today is not a real medieval building,Almost rebuilt after the "World War I",Just restore the previous neighborhood and architectural form as possible during the reconstruction。"Oriental Magazine", published on February 25, 1920, Vol. 17, Vol. 17,Published a picture of the city ruins of Eperl (Yepaples),Displayed the notice of such a few lines: "This is holy group,No Stone of this fabric may be taken away,It is a Heritage for all civilized people! "(" This is the Holy Land,Although a stone cannot be taken,The legacy of all civilizations and human beings also! ")

"Holy Group" mainly comes from British,From the beginning of the war to the end,The British Army has been stationed in Ioper,It seems to be the owner of the city。200,000 -300,000 British soldiers were buried in the fields around Ioper。This is like a huge grave,It was regarded as a sacred symbol of shaping race or national bet365 Play online games spirit after the war。It is the idea of ​​building a "holy place" based on this,It is said that the British War Minister Winston Churchill even proposed,Buy this city with the British cemetery on the Flanders field。The warning sign mentioned earlier is erected in purpose,It is to stop the unwillingness of the post -war and unwillingly unblocked state,Remind the locals,The British Empire Army once made the sacrifice for the place and those powerful achievements。

But there is no doubt,The British and the Belgian and the residents of Ioper's views on this issue,There must be a lot of uncoordinated contradictions,This can also be seen from the disgusted attitude of residents in the Frantez region after the war.。However, at the time, the Chinese people still had a little distinguished between the border between Fa -Betta,"Oriental Magazine" is in the annotation of this city ruins,Explained Iper as a city in France。This looks very dramatic -in fact, Iper was more like the British warrior at the time。Today's Textile Club is rebuilt by the original after the war。We see,A mottled artillery fire mark is still left on the wall of about one meter away from the ground,The church and monastery in the back retain the appearance of being destroyed during the war。These buildings have been included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO,And due to the important position of Eperer in the war,The Textile Club has also become a well -known museum that commemorates the "World War I" -Frandes Warfare Museum。

Ioper has almost been completely destroyed,but not occupied by the enemy -although the Germans are in a few miles away,Can "pour" the shells into this city。Allied soldiers passed by the ruins of Yiper,Stable continuously to the front line outside the city,Fitnessing a tug -of -war with the Germans in the dense trenches。The road bet365 Play online games that must pass by is Menin Gate (Meining Gate),One of its original names is Hangwaert Gate (the door to the twisted frame),Probably because of countless times in the competition of both the enemy and we,It only got such a creepy name。Before the Battle of Waterloo,It has also been briefly named Napoleon Gate (Napoleon Gate),Since then, it has been changed to Meiningmen。Take this name,Just because the road in front of the door leads to Meining Town 20 kilometers away。

During the Battle of Iper,The continuous bombing makes this road potholes、Full of mud。In the description of many soldiers,All about the large squares in front of the textile club,The muddy step on the muddy step on Meining Road to Frandes Wilderness。The gap passing through the city wall,They never have the blessing of the city。So,Iper has a high degree of "common" symbolic meaning in this war。People gather here、Go to the battlefield or bury it here,It eventually became a spiritual common thing,Represents some kind of residual、Strong、Root -rooted connection,The Meining Gate built after the war is the physical symbol of this spiritual symbol。

Actually,Meiningmen and different from the "repairing the old" like the textile club,It is completely redesigned a monument made of stone,A Arc de Triomphe used to celebrate victory and the grave square that is used to host mourning activities -it is a soldier grave for alien aliens,and organically integrate the original city wall ruins together,It looks majestic。On all the marble walls in Meiningmen,The name of more than 50,000 British Empires was engraved with densely mammons。Many people can find their ancestors who died in the "World War I" here,Dedicated a bouquet of Yumei Flower Ring to sacrifice the undead。Of course,The commemorative bet365 live casino games object of Meiningmen is not limited to the deceased with names,All the undeads who died in the "World War I" -even the Germans can be sacrificed here。This is mainly based on an extended reflection war、Pray for peaceful will。

Since the completion of Meiningmen,Memorial activities gradually form a normal program- "Last Post",Participants who participate are also locals、The British slowly expand to a larger range。The kind of solemn and sad number horn sound,In addition to the years when the German occupation of Eperl in the Second World War,Blows on Meining Gate every day,almost rarely stop。time to this day,Come to Meining Gate at 8 o'clock in the evening of any day,I will see from different countries、People of different skin colors are gathered here,Listen to the final horn and pray to peace together。

According to the Chinese Gong Ma Chunling from Lintong, Shandong,"(1919) June 13,Move 20 miles south of the south,Camp in the northwest of Lieli City, France,Looking at East and West with Gale City,Yibei Provincial Town。Senate on the 20th,From July 4,Repeat Big Ips。More than 20 miles in the southeast of the city of Babylon,Appropriate、Method、English、In the battle between the United States and the Germans,Destruction,Special special "。The geographical orientation described by Ma Chunling can be determined,Eapus, located in the southeast of Poperinge, should be Iper。The Chinese Workers' Team where Ma Chunling is located obviously participated in the cleanup work of the Iper Battlefield,Some information also shows that the Chinese Workers' team contributed in the post -war reconstruction of Ioper City。

Our research team has lived in Yipier for nearly a month,Although I measured this small city many times,But our in -depth understanding of the history of the bet365 best casino games city of Ioper is still benefited from the introduction of the Director of Deng Duwen Museum。Frandes Warfield Museum and the Ioper City Museum are neighboring,They are all in the textile clubs reconstructed,Mayor's living room is also located in this building。When we are about to leave Ioper,Emmily Talpe Mayor to hold a reception and issue a certificate for everyone。In speech,Emmily Talpe Mayor highly praised the contribution of Huagong's post -war reconstruction。

Editor in charge: Changchang
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