In general metaphysics，Philosophy regards the relationship between knowledge and existence and its two as the main topic，Among them, the intermediaries that reflect on are always humans。Existence outside the human field，自 ourselves corresponding to the first entity，After modern deconstruction，It has also become a philosophical past in Genesis。Since the second half of the 20th century，Philosophy gradually began to pay attention to the human condition，So that "animals" become the corresponding device to reflect on philosophical anthropology。Discuss animals and behaviors from the perspective of knowledge theory and existence theory，This is not meaningless theoretical exploration，Just because animals may not need to form propositional beliefs，As a result of the term "animal philosophy" itself。After all，For animals，This itself is a rational hegemony。

Imagine the subject of humans or non -human beings，Internal needs belonging to philosophical self -advancement，Because of many speculation or speculation，Both require possible ideological experiments to verify。Something about the topic about postpone humans is somewhat science fiction，But if you consider that philosophy has always been engaged in imaginary fiction，Then these imagined experiments are not surprising for philosophy itself。The series of articles written by Zhao Tingyang for artificial intelligence are standing in humans and non -human、The boundary line between the subject and the different body，These texts integrated the book "The Myth or Sad Song of Artificial Intelligence" in 2022。GPT model is a big trip.，Zhao Tingyang followed up many thinking in language philosophy and knowledge theory，Perhaps it is difficult for China to find a philosopher who discusses intelligent problems in a cross -disciplinary manner。

　The "gathering point" problem of cross -subject

In the book "The Myth of Artificial Intelligence or Sadness"，Artificial intelligence issues are first shown as a cross -subject "gathering point" problem。

When things are merged with similar items，Often clarified the boundaries of your own existence，Human reflection on AI is the same。To what extent is AI imitating human production products? To what extent may it become a non -the same type of human intelligence?，But if it is placed within the limit of knowledge and diversity，It seems to become an ancient problem of philosophy。When the running program of the "black box" is not yet clear,，We need to merge the intelligent similar items of humans and AI，At the same time, you also need to think about the limit of the variable itself，For these two tasks，A roundabout tortuous、Methodism of both ends (humans and non -human) is necessary。

Zhao Tingyang uses the concept of "general rationality" for possible、Smart similar items are being induced，This specific manifestation is: perform the operation and judgment of rational goals in a limited program; construct these limited steps as a process in a inevitable way; these operations need to meet the laws of contradictions，To achieve an inherent system。Obviously，Under the standard of general rationality，AI still belongs to the same item of human intelligence，It's just increasingly increasingly the limit state。but，In Zhao Tingyang's analysis，No surprise setting a standard for knowledge theory or classification。He thinks，A intelligent of the same intelligence as humans can not only perform rational computing procedures，At the same time, you also need to have the ability to reflect。If this standard is measured，AI's program system needs to redefine in its own language (not the code given by humans)。This language that can self -map and interpret its system，defined by Zhao Tingyang as a language with self -consciousness。

Assume that the machine can self -explain its operating principles and bet365 Play online games "thinking process"，So such a machine can of course be regarded as a non -human civilization existence。When humans start to communicate with them，We entered a dialogue mode that span the subjective。According to Zhao Tingyang's idea，This intelligent entity does not necessarily need to be similar to humans，You only need to explain its existence。Therefore，We can infer，Intelligent entities that can define their own rules may also generate knowledge about the world。The philosophical extreme value of the theme of "Artificial Intelligence" is reflected in the intersection of diversified subjects and truths，It is cheaply contained in the same reality that the rest of the possible world。Zhao Tingyang's real interest points Perhaps landing in the resonance relationship of diverse cognition and the same reality，This has led to all his discussions on this theme.，Finally displayed in the form of the papers。

Before imagining the extreme value of artificial intelligence，There is a reason to evaluate this possibility itself，In other words，We should build a methodology for determining smart standards in advance。On this question，I regard Zhao Tingyang's strategy as a composite version of functional and knowledge theory。If we suddenly face some kind of limit: certain types of AI pass through all tests，It has a "like man" behavior，But it is not human。This means that it does not require those functions that can define the "subject" to achieve humanization，and participate in all kinds of affairs in human society。Only realists may think that this type of AI has a common phase of a "machine spiritual entity"，And think that this spiritual entity and human soul can at least achieve equivalent relationships in real communication。Many analysis of Zhao Tingyang is first placed under this possibility，Then measure the nature of this equivalent relationship，This is a functional perspective。We can use functionalism to determine the output status of AI thinking bet365 Play online games "black box"，and judge its cognitive mode。

But the correctness of only half of the functionalism，It believes: Since there are countless possible physical performance for any function，Then the relationship between function and physical level is multiple。But from the perspective of control or organ learning，The relationship between function and physical nature is not arbitrary，and these two are not independent categories。Function cannot be restored as a material activity that works for physical laws; instead，These specific physical activities cannot be simply integrated into functions。Therefore，Smart as a multifunctional collection，When we judge whether this collection is complete，It is necessary to add a category model of knowledge theory between functionalism and physics。When facing a possible non -human existence，We must first be able to exchange some organized functions in our thinking，Then you can get some specific knowledge category。

Facing a lot of phenomena，Thinking if you want to judge it for propositions，Some classification steps will be preset for category integration (this is one of the "self -consciousness" standard set by Zhao Tingyang for AI)，Otherwise, we will fall into a divergence、Unlimited recursive measurement。Thinking requires a processor to confirm the implementation of the function，At the same time, you also need to "map it into another equivalent system"，This conversion is triggered by Zhao Tingyang as "self -consciousness"。In the composite version of functional and knowledge theories，Self -consciousness is just a device for self -classification and self -explanation，It is used to shape the subject's understanding of the self -world。Zhao Tingyang gives this device to any subject with common rationality，Naturally, it also contains AI and humans，Although with different strengths。

　The "common possibility" of people and non -people

Intelligent detection method of functional composite knowledge theory，Perhaps at a deeper level, Zhao bet365 live casino games Tingyang has always thought about cross -main items。When we use a certain function to locate the thinking paradigm of the unknown subject，In fact, the equal conditions between subjects have been preset in the thinking，That is, "The subjectivity of symmetrical subjectivity formed under equal conditions"，This methodology prerequisite for Zhao Tingyang as "the subjectivity"。At the same time，Interaction between different cognitive modes displayed in different functions，Also constitutes a world -based category of the subject。The scope of these interactions is pre -guaranteed in advance that "there is a relationship between equality and reversible knowledge of each other" among different subjects "，Therefore, it is also the starting point of "mutual anthropology" in the context of knowledge theory。

Zhao Tingyang tried to imagine a cross -subject、The existence of existence in the sense of civilian sense，That is the "common possibility" of people and non -people。This may also be the entry point of his thinking about artificial intelligence problems。Because in front of everyone's expectations，"One theory of one -way existence may become a two -way existence theory (or even multi -directional)"。In the concept of "common possibilities" in Leibniz，Specific may world W is a set of possible sets of possible elements，Each element is mapped and connected with other elements that constitute W。This mapping and connection expresses the equivalent relationship between elements。The theoretical theory of mapping and connection describes the basic attributes of the complete individual concept，So，Obviously that any two complete concepts cannot be regarded as "common possible"，Unless there is a mapping relationship at least between them。Only when the setting of mapping and connection is suitable for everything，A set of complete concepts can be regarded as a collection of "common possible" elements，is a possible world。Here，The "common possibility" of Libniz is a concept Bet365 lotto review that depicts the mutual holding and contained in all things。

Unless you create a man's methodology，Otherwise, we cannot surpass the perspective of human beings to talk about real problems，And this is indeed what is done in metaphysics。I think，Zhao Tingyang canceled the physical theory characteristics of the modal category in Leibniz，thus substitution into a new creator in the field of vision，For example, his handling of the category of modal obviously has a strong personal characteristics。The possibility category is not like inevitable，It belongs to the metaphysical setting of the creation (or nature itself); on the contrary, the invention of the negative word，This is a creative art based on human perspectives。To some extent，The possibility is the classification of things based on the essence，and essentially depend on the creation of the creator。Perhaps，Only in the philosophy of the scriptures can we understand this inverted understanding of the possibility category。If you say，Reality is a modal and the essential regulations of the school for those who may exist，So it is really the existence of possible objects given in the vision of the creator。When there is only one modal relationship between the creation and its essence，Real estate and essence are not the difference between the two realities，Because in this preset creator，Real Store has moved towards it that may be essential and exercise。

At both ends of people and non -people，Differentiated existence reflects the full phase of the entity。The previous general metaphysics aimed at studying the common nature of all existence，Decrease to the level of individual real estate，Its core question is how to pay attention to the inherent possibility of the existence object。Tabletable and possibilities -oriented metaphysics are based on category or attribute theory，Such categories are not real inner predicate words，I am rather，They are the possible essence，and become mutually reflected intermediaries in the Bet365 app download creation activities of various subjects。The possibility is always the foundation of real things，and realize it due to the joint production between the subject，During such a differentiated generation process，The actual depositor and its specific attributes can expand its connection in the perspective of different subjects。Although Zhao Tingyang's text only involves human perspective，Part is the consideration of existing existence from suspension (currently) supermarketing，But this still will not cover its intentional planning，That is to imagine a way to exist over multiple subjects，or "World" in the experience of multiple world experience。

　(Author is assistant researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)