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Chen Wangdao's main discussion "It is intended to decide to modify the standard of primary and high -level Chinese literature and stipulates that university entrance test questions are not limited to literature cases", "News museum and news education reform", "two principles -for the opinions of the reform of the Department of Chinese Literature" "The Past of Shanghai Fudan University" and "Fudan Ten Years"，Bring textbooks and works such as "Rhetoric", "Introduction to Aesthetics", "The List of Gramics", "Summary of the Learning of the Law"，Compilation of "Chen Wangdao's Collection"。

Chen Wangdao (1891-1977 )’s life，It is a lifetime of hard work for revolution，It is also a lifetime for academic writing。In terms of political activities and cultural construction，He is all China's new democratic revolution、Active creators and historical witnesses in the era of socialist revolution。He is one of the sponsors of the Communist Party of China，Is a famous social activist、thinker、Educator、Linguist、Translator。His life，Get rich，Works, etc.，Contribution huge。This article comes from three aspects，Restore this revolutionary scholar's unique charm life。

　　Five times of kung fu on the usual translation book

Chen Wangdao's contribution to the Chinese Revolution，It is the first Chinese translation of translation and publishing the "Declaration of the Communist Party"。Mr. Lu Xun after receiving the translation from Chen Wangdao，Passionate appreciate him "Do a good thing for China"。On the eve of the founding of New China，At the first National Literature and Art Worker Congress，Zhou Enlai once praised in person: "Mr. Chen Wangdao，We are all educated by you! "Refers to his full text translation of the" Communist Manifesto "。To do this "good thing"，Chen Wangdao "Five Double Kung Fu of the usual translation book" (Shen Xuanlu)。

Chen Wangdao was born in a peasant family in Yitang Village, Yiwu County, Zhejiang Province (now Yiwu City)，Original name Chen Shenyi。During studying in Japan，coincided with the victory of the October Revolution in Russia，Marxist boom spreads all over the world，He met the river on the river、Mountains and Kawaka equal to Japan Marxist pioneer，Carry out revolutionary publicity activities together。When graduating returning home，The climax of the May 4th Movement，His renamed "Wang Dao"，Expressing your aspiration to look forward to the new revolutionary road。Shortly afterwards，Promoting the New Culture Movement in Hangzhou，and led the vigorous "one teacher"，From then。

That time，The three editors of the Weekly Review Weekly Weekly are being difficult to find the translator of the Communist Party of China。They are editor -in -chief Shen Xuanlu、Dai Jitao and Li Hanjun, who later participated in the translation of Chen Wangdao。"Week Review" was an important position for promoting the new trend of thought at that time，They are actively planning to translate the "Communist Declaration"，But the difficulty is heavy。Dai Jitao was full of enthusiasm for communism at that time，I tried to translate from the Japanese translation "Communist Manifesto"。His Japanese is said to be "better than Japanese"，And good at theory，But he soon retreats when he knows difficulties。translated by this one，Dai Jitao's conclusion，The translators who believe that qualified translators must meet three standards: familiar with Marxism、Communist doctrine; proficient in morality、Ying、One of the three foreign languages ​​in the Japanese;。

Uniqueness，Luo Zhanglong and others of the Marxist Research Association of Peking University also started to translate from the German version of the "Communist Declaration"，and propose three standards: Bet365 lotto review letter、Da、Ya。They also deeply feel that the theory of the Communist Manifesto is deep，Language refinement，It is difficult to meet the above three standards。Although their translations are actually completed earlier，But "The fear translation is not accurate，Only transmit learning internally "，No printing and publishing。Difficulty of translation，Visible。Even Engels himself said，Translation of the Communist Declaration is extremely difficult。

Just when Dai Ji Lao's bitter translator is unsuccessful，The editor -in -chief of "Awareness" of "The Daily of the Republic of China" Shao Lizi recommended him an excellent candidate，It is Chen Wangdao, who has already published in "Awareness" and emerged。Chen Wangdao, who left in anger because of "a trend of a teacher"，I have recognized "the so -called removal of the old cloth new，Is not not self -inverted、Easy things that are not self -recruited "，"You should learn to see the problem from the system"，Adopt "higher identification criteria，is Marxism "。Translation "Communist Declaration"，It exactly provided him with an opportunity to leap from democrats to communists。Of course, Chen Wangdao knows the difficulty of translating the "Declaration of the Communist Party"，But he did not quit，Simply bring the Japanese version of the Communist Party Declaration provided by Dai Jitao and the English version of the Communist Party from Chen Duxiu to his hometown，Concentrated in translation in a quiet medium。

Chen Wangdao is proficient in Japanese，Also familiar with English，Ten years of private education has laid a great national skills for him，The longing for the social revolution and communism gave him the enthusiasm and power of the "Communist Manifesto"。Early spring in 1920，In the firewood house next to my old house，Chen Wangdao uses a shop、Two stools，​​Both as a desk and a bed，The translation work of "Lan Road Blue Way with Qishan Forest" began。This pioneering，One in thought，One in language。

100 years ago，Chinese Marxist theoretical system has not yet formed，Chen Wangdao’s job first starts from scratch，Build a set of Marxist terminology、discourse system and academic system。Marx and Engels Based on the social life of the European workers after the industrial revolution，To express the communist ideal with "eliminating private ownership" as the core，Created a programmatic document "Communist Declaration"。How to express the rich and profound thoughts among them，can we understand what the Chinese working public who is still in the semi -colonial and semi -feudal society，Is a huge challenge。and，Chinese words in Japanese translations often cannot be copied directly。For this，Chen Wangdao made a lot of effort。For example，The two most basic terms "Bourgeois" and "Proletarian"，Japanese -based translation as "gentleman" and "civilian"，It is out of the theoretical system of Marxism; while Chen Wangdao is translated as "producer" and "proletarian"，Accurately reflects class opposition in the capitalist society。

100 years ago，The appearance of modern Chinese is also not mature。The vernacular movement is in the ascendant，The new punctuation has not yet formed a specification，Most of the model works as a grammatical foundation have not yet appeared。What kind of words should be used in the "Declaration of the Communist Party"、To make it clear，Is another huge challenge。So，Translation from Chen Wangdao，It is building a new Chinese system。His words have previously tied to vernacular、grammar、punctuation、Positive Word Methods and Article Specifications have too deep thinking，Published some discussions，The translation at this moment is a great opportunity to put it into practice。Translation from Chen Wangdao，Popular language of using the "Drivers Selling Words" in style，For example, "Not worthless money", "What to say with mouth", etc.; Focus on rhetoric Bet365 lotto review attention to rhythmic rhythm and language vitality and expression of language，For example, replace the "revolutionary elements" of the daily translation into "Revolutionary Seeds"; in the sentence pattern, it is rarely used in the sentence.，abandoned "the one who is also"，The translation of Yan Fu and Lin Shu, who is only 20 years away, is clearly clear，Dedicated a classic for modern vernacular。

In order to cross the two difficulties of thought and language，The Communist Declaration of the Communist Party that is less than 20,000 words，Chen Wangdao's words to consider，Repeated scrutiny，It took more than two months。His convergence God、Erspeed blood，Concentrated on the little story of "The taste of truth is very sweet"。One time，Chen Wangdao's mother sent him dumplings and brown sugar，After turning out,，Worried that sugar is not enough，Just ask him if he wants to add some，He answered casually: "Sweet enough，Sweet enough。"Wait until the door will come in and see，Chen Wangdao is full of ink，but brown sugar is not moved at all。It turned out that he was fully concentrated in the translation，I didn't realize that the dumplings were dipped in ink。

That's it，"It took five times the normal translation book"，In exchange for the huge impact of the ideological world。August 1920，The Communist Declaration is published in Shanghai，1,000 volumes of the first edition should not be in short supply。1000 volumes printed in September also sold out quickly。Later reprint、Multi -printing dozens of times。Chen Wangdao's translation "The Communist Declaration" became the most widely circulated in China during the period of the Kuomintang rule、One of the most influential Marxist classics。Less than a year after it came out，The Communist Party of China was born。

　　For party effects outside the party

Chen Wangdao's life，A red heart，Two joining the party，For more than 30 years, as a democratic person, "Outside of the party,"，It can be described as "Lu Yao knows horsepower，Seeing people's hearts for a long time "。In the test of major historical events again and again，Chen Wangdao's communist original intention will not be changed、The faith is constant。

After translating the "Communist Declaration"，He came to Shanghai at the end of April 1920，Suggestion of the great cause of building the party。May 1，He and Chen Duxiu and others jointly launch an activity to commemorate the "May 1 International Labor Day"。This is the first time that the Chinese worker class commemorates its festival。Next，He participated in the preparation of the Shanghai Marxist Research Association and the Chinese Communist Party Shanghai Launching Group，and with Chen Duxiu，Reform "New Youth" into a party's organ publication。At the end of 1920，Chen Duxiu leaves Shanghai to Guangdong，Give the editorial work to Chen Wangdao。Chen Duxiu in the letter to my friend，fully expressed the trust in Chen Wangdao: "Things here have been arranged。Editorial Department of "New Youth"，Some Chen Wangdao Jun can be responsible ... "

After the editor -in -chief of Chen Wangdao "New Youth"，Continuously expand the Marxist tendency of "New Youth"，Make it an important position for promoting Marxism。In Hu Shi throwing "more problems，Less Talking about the Monster Theory "，Chen Wangdao stands in Li Dazhao、Lu Xun aside，Defending the direction of the Marxist Journal of "New Youth"。February 1921，French patrol room is fierce with "New Youth"、Violation of the Constitution of the Concession as an excuse，Forcibly closed "New Youth" magazine。Chen Wangdao is not afraid of risk，Transfer to underground Journal，With great courage and hard work，Make an important contribution to the propaganda of Marxism。

But，Just when Chen Wangdao actively participated in the preparation of the party’s "one big"，A "small thing" that affects his life trajectory happened。In the approval of organizational Bet365 lotto review activities，Chen Duxiu and Li Hanjun had a dispute。孰，This little thing has stimulated Chen Duxiu's parent style，He is furious，Unreasonable accusation of Li Hanjun and Chen Wangdao to seize his right，Want to be "Secretary"。This has caused extremely bad effects in the party organization。Chen Wangdao's former student campaign，Fashion was far away in Japan，But because of the words of Chen Duxiu's side，I wrote a fierce condemnation letter。This incident deeply hurt Chen Wangdao's emotion，He insisted on asking Chen Duxiu to clarify the facts、Public apology。But Chen Duxiu's person，Unwilling to。This eventually led Chen Wangdao to propose out of the organization，and therefore missed the party’s "one big"。

"One Big" after Chen Wangdao served as the first secretary of the Shanghai Local Committee of the Communist Party of China，Actively develop party members，Cultivate women cadres，Organize various propaganda activities and workers' movements。but，Chen Duxiu's speech seriously damaged Chen Wangdao's reputation，Some young party members who do not know the truth even blame Chen Wangdao for speculating revolution。Chen Wangdao is extremely indignant and distressed，officially proposed to retire from the party。

August 1923，At the sixth meeting of the Shanghai Local and District Executive Committee，Central Committee Member Mao Zedong on behalf of the Central Committee，Keep Chen Wangdao。After the meeting，Organization designated Shen Yanbing to persuade，Chen Wangdao took this opportunity to talk to the party ’s sincere:" You and I have been in love for many years，Do you know me。Since I am opposed to Chen Duxiu's parent style, I have to retire from the party，Now Chen Duxiu's parent style is still the same，How do I cancel the party again? I believe in communism for life unchanged，I would like to contribute to my power to the cause of the communistist。I work for the party outside the party，Perhaps it is more convenient than within the party。But at the time，In the 1952 Thinking Movement，Chen Wangdao deeply criticized，It is admitted that this is "the revolution of small bourgeois intellectuals"。But at the time，The young Communist Party and the young Chen Wangdao missed each other for more than 30 years。

In these 30 years，Chen Wangdao used time to prove "belief communism for life unchanged"。Although he is not a party member in the organization，But the cause of the party is always unhappy，The task given to the party still does not work hard to complete。As he said，"For the party's efficiency outside the party，May be more convenient than within the party "。He often uses the identity of his own democracy，Extremely completed the various tasks assigned by the party。

October 1923，Chen Wangdao Accept Organization Exchange，Go to Shanghai University, created by the Chinese Department of Literature, created by the Communist Party of China、Director of Academic Affairs、Acting School Director、Editorial Director of the School Journal。Under Chen Wangdao's host，Democratic air from the Department of Chinese Literature，Academic research activities are also very active。1929-1930，Chen Wangdao accepts the delegation of the underground party organization，President of Chinese University of Art，Develop left -wing literary career for the party，Cultivate progressive art talents。Under his leadership，Teachers and students often go deep into the factory、Movement of various sports in the society，The school becomes the center of the left -wing literary movement。The establishment meeting of the Chinese Left Wing Writer Alliance，It is held here。

After the September 18th Incident，Under the leadership of the CCP's underground party organization，Chen Wangdao and other progressive writers have successively launched organizations such as the "Chinese Writers Association", "Chinese writer Anti -Japanese Bet365 lotto review Association", "Shanghai Literature and Artists Symposium", "Shanghai Cultural Anti -Japanese Friendship Association" and other organizations，Expand the fight against the anti -emperor's anti -sealing and anti -fascist struggle。He is also an important organizer and leader of the Shanghai War of War。After the Lugou Bridge Incident，To implement Zhou Enlai's instructions，Chen Wangdao initiated the establishment of the "Shanghai New Word Research Association"，I won the open legal position，Put a large number of united front work。1939，In the name of "Shanghai Language Education Society"，Holding a large -scale "Chinese Language Exhibition"，Unite all sectors，A vivid patriotism education on the "island" people。

1940，Chen Wangdao came to Fudan University in Chongqing to continue teaching，Later as the director of the Department of News。He personally serves as the president of the "Re -Xinxian News Agency" of student internship，Protecting progressive students，Reasonably contact the underground party，Training talents for the party's news。After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War，Fudan University Rebate Shanghai。Chen Wangdao joined the "University Professor Association" led by the underground party，The chairman of the "University Professor Federation" after the growth。He actively rely on the leadership of the underground party，The various tasks of the organization can be expanded vigorously。June 1949 after the liberation of Shanghai，Chen Wangdao is also elected as the president of the "Shanghai Education Worker Federation"。

After the founding of New China，Chen Wangdao served as a member of the East China Military and Political Committee、Representatives of the first to the fourth session of the National People's Congress and member of the 4th Standing Committee、Vice Chairman of the Central League Central Committee。Autumn 1952，Mao Zedong appointed Chen Wangdao as the president of Fudan University。He as a democratic person，Appears in various social activities，To unite and encourage the majority of intellectuals、Patriotic Democrats consciously embarked on the road of socialism and did a lot of work。

May 31, 1957，The Shanghai Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China submits an application report on the absorption of Chen Wangdao to enter the party.。Mao Zedong said after seeing the report，When will Chen Wangdao want to return to the party，When will I come back，No need to write autobiography，No need to discuss，You can not disclose your identity。What trust is this! June of the same year，Chen Wangdao was directly absorbed as a member of the Communist Party of China by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。

Chen Wangdao finally returned to the party's embrace，Become a real communist warrior，I practiced my vows with a revolutionary life。

　　Don't put Marxism outside science

As scholars and Marxists，​​Chen Wangdao never advertised himself to learn for learning，Instead, "Don't put Marxism outside science"，Always pay attention to the use of Marxism's position、Viewpoint and Method Entering Academic Studies。

Chen Wangdao in his youth，I realize that "to make the country strong，First of all, we must break the superstition and develop the people's wisdom "，Delivery research "Social Science centered on Chinese language"，Because he "deeply appreciates the use of language and words，That is to correctly master the tools of expressing thoughts，It is extremely important for enlightenment and ideological liberation. "。

New ideological content，Need a new language form to express。Therefore，The first breakthrough of the New Cultural Movement is the vernacular movement。Young students learn to master the needs of verbal words，is the motivation of Chen Wangdao's research。He recalled: "Many students will not write articles，Ask me how to do it，Many translation articles are Bet365 lotto review very stiff，So forced me to study rhetoric。"From September 1921，Chen Wangdao started serializing "Composition Lecture" in "Awareness"，and then bind it into a book publishing。This book comprehensively discusses writing techniques，Clarify the structure of the article、System and beauty，Focusing on the principle of composition for style classification，It is very practical for improving the language and culture of the general public。The essence of writing in the book is the point of view of text expression and thinking transmission，Reflecting the idea of ​​Marxist materialism dialectics。

After the method of writing，Chen Wangdao started a rhetoric research，The purpose was to oppose "some prejudices popular in the conservative and backwardness of society at that time，Retro deposit，Mechanical imitation，and I think that classical Chinese can rhetoric，Vernacular cannot be rhetorical "，and "Use the theory of rhetoric as the power of the art movement at that time"。He has a rhetoric course at the university，Ten years of merits written as "Rhetoric Study Fan"，Published by Dajiang Shupu in 1932。For decades，Repeat the book for repeated printing，Experts and scholars admire to this day。This is the rhetoric of China's first system，It marks the formal establishment of Chinese modern rhetoric，The academic status of Chen Wangdao as the founder of the discipline。

The most fundamental concept of "Rhetoric School" is "Underworld -based"，Increase the rhetoric into the framework of linguistics，Established objects of rhetoric research、tasks and methods，Turning up "Rhetoric" is an article on an article on the "Rest Destiny"。Taking this as the basis，Chen Wangdao proposed some theoretical viewpoints with modern meaning。Especially put rhetoric in the context to inspect，Think that "listener" and "writer" are equally important，and perspectives such as focusing on negative rhetoric，The current rhetoric and even linguistic research still have very direct guiding significance。

"Rhetoric Study Fan" pays more attention to the use of Marxist theoretical guidance research and practice。Chen Wangdao once said, "If there are still some places in this book，The reason for the use of Marxist views。"" First is to correct the relationship between the ideological content and the form of language expression。Chen Wangdao consciously "use the content of the content to attack formalism"，Proposal "Research rhetoric should be determined by content as a program for research"，From the perspective of the unity of content and form，Comprehensive discussion rhetoric phenomenon。Followed by the relationship between "ancient and modern Chinese and foreign"，Both the ancient and modern and ocean are used，Also against retroism and Chongyang Meiwai。For example, the name of "Flying Bai" is to inherit Zhang Qinan's "The Spring Lantern of the Garden" without the statement of Japanese rhetoric。Chen Wangdao advocates that "Sit in China today，One hand to ask something from ancient times，One hand to ask for things from foreign countries "，Fully shows that he has successfully used Marxist dialectical logic methods in academic research。

Chen Wangdao is also a vanguard of vernacular grammar research。In order to oppose conservative forces, accusing vernacular that there is no "real grammar" to fallacy and evil theory，Chen Wangdao's use of the use of words，For example, "" "" "" "" ""e", "again", "and" "?" "Unless"，Describes their usage one by one，I made a precise explanation。These studies，Research on Usagement Research on Cognitive Functional Linguistics Today，Still has a very important academic value。

In order to use scientific methods to create a new grammar system，From 1938，Chen Wangdao initiated the discussion of Chinese grammar innovation。His deep Marxist theoretical cultivation，Good at absorbing new ideas，Also good at Big and Pacific，Very important Bet365 lotto review investigation research，Emphasize the use of facts as the criterion。All this determines his central position in this discussion。After 4 years，He compiled the discussion of the article into "China Gramics and Fragments"，left a classic literature for the history of Chinese grammar。

In this discussion，Chen Wangdao formed a unique "functional theory"。It is clearly proposed to study Chinese grammar with functional perspectives，Chen Wangdao is the first person in China。His featureist grammar concept is gradually developing、Perfect，The system is reflected in the "Brief Theory of Gramics" he in his later years。The banner in the book is clearly pointed out，"We study Chinese，Warby Marxism -Leninism、Mao Zedong Thoughts penetrates academic go "，"With Marxism -Leninism、Mao Zedong thought guidance，Starting from the facts of Chinese，Critics Inheriting the heritage of ancient grammar academics，Critics to absorb the useful things in foreign grammar "。Under this theoretical guidance，He advocates "must break and change the form -centric research method，can be studied using functional perspectives and methods，The role of the organization and words in the organization focusing on Chinese，Examine the phenomenon of grammar from the connection and relationship between the tissue Cheng Su and Cheng Su，Exploring the law of grammar "。These views are still insider today。

Echo the study of linguistics，Chen Wangdao's aesthetic research also stands on the standpoint of the people，Gallow Marxist Banner。He wrote "Introduction to Aesthetics" and "Aesthetic Outline" and other monographs in the 1920s，pioneered the basic framework of Chinese modern aesthetic theory，Deeply on the Soviet Marxist -Leninist literary theorist Lu Nakarsky、Brecehanov and others' brand。From the perspective of Marxist materialism，New literature that advocates "consistent with life"，Proposing "the only way for all art" is "the tower of ivory，Enter the civilian team，Make ‘civilian art’ ”。There is no dedication to Marxist views in the book，Discuss the impact of social trends on personal aesthetics，Point out "Analysis Result，The most important thing as the Marx is involved in people's bottom life，Take it as the first consciousness to the cause，Think of the cause of consciousness，I think that consciousness is progressing with the progress of economic organizations "。

As Zhou Enlai proposed, "Be under the guidance of Marx Leninism，Make a systematic long -term effort，Fully grasp the relevant information，Effective、Creative Study "，Chen Wangdao's scientific research and Marxist theory perfectly integrate together。

　　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Language Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)