The status of epistemology in contemporary philosophy is different from its mainstream position in modern philosophy，Usually play basic、Supportable characters，Rarely go to the front desk。What is more concerned on the stage of philosophy is often from other fields of philosophy (such as existence theory、Ethics, etc.) The realization of epistemology for realization，or learn from、Use some cutting -edge progress of natural science，The challenge put forward on the traditional viewpoint of epistemology。In the current construction of new liberal arts，The intersection and integration trend between disciplines becomes more and more obvious，The epistemology of as a basic field of philosophy should not be an object that is surpassed or challenged。We want to rebuild the essence of knowledge and society，Give play to the role of the theory of epistemology。

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This year，A major event that allows the philosophy community to re -care about contemporary epistemology，The death of American philosopher Edmund Gettier。The departure of Getel has prompted people to review the three -page paper paper published in 1963 "Is the true faith in defense? 》。In this classic literature，Gechoor's clever anti -case，Questioning the classic knowledge of the classic knowledge of "obtaining defense -truth -faith"，Try to find new definitions to build a more complete "Theory of Knowledge，Become the mainstream paradigm of "the theory of knowledge" in the next decades。

This paradigm created by Gamel，achievement is huge。Today we will open an English textbook with the title of "Introduction to Epidemic"，It will find that it is often not arranged in modern epistemology Bet365 app download such as "theory -experience -Kant's critical philosophy"，Instead, it is different themes based on the study of epistemology，Divided into analysis and definition of knowledge、Knowledge defense and response to suspicion theory，Introduce the novel achievements of contemporary research -Many of them are from research under the Gegelle style。Under the influence and cultivation of the Gegelle style，A large number of outstanding epistemology scholars have emerged，The differentiation of the discipline and the construction of the discipline community，all reached the height that is difficult to reach in modern philosophy。Gechoa has an influence of irreplaceable contemporary understanding of contemporary understanding，Leave a strong stroke in the history of the philosophy compiled by later generations。

But at the same time，We also have to see，In the process of discipline segmentation，Demand for convergence of convergence thinking from the subordinates or special themes of epistemology，Excellent efforts to make scattered thinking between the theory and other philosophical fields。This aspect has raised the threshold of "the theory of knowledge"，Promoting more delicate and fine reflection and debate and theoretical reconstruction，On the other hand, it is easy to ignore or even intentionally exclude the impulse of divergent thinking，Therefore, the research of the mainstream paradigm tends to the issue of "knowledge" with other important philosophical issues (such as happiness、Justice、belief, etc.) Phaseptic，Pure "knowledge theory" can not be like modern epistemology，A full response to the general philosophical issues in the general philosophy of human survival and life practice。This may be partially explained，Why is epistemology that is often regarded as an object of transcendence or challenge。

　　Social epistemology beyond the Gamel style

bet365 live casino games Actually，Inconscious people in contemporary understanding have long been realized，Amendment and even overcoming the efforts of the Gasal style have always existed。For example，From the definition of entangled knowledge to the value of knowledge。Virtue Epistemology, with Ernst Sosa and Linda Zagzebski, mainly represents，The standardization of knowledge is anchored on the concept of "rational morality"，greatly broaden the research perspective of epistemology，Reinforcement of the philosophy of epistemology and practical philosophy, especially moral ethics,。1999，Alvin Goldman's book "Knowledge in Social World" clearly put forward the research program for "social epistemology"，It shows the transcendence of the Gegelle style and the social connotation of rebuilding knowledge，It has become an urgent academic task。Since then，In the first 20 years of the 21st century，Social epistemology has achieved great development，Gecho Favile can no longer be able to play the world。

Contemporary Practical Theory has entered a new stage of all flowers，But the stereotypes of epistemology formed in the past few decades will not leave automatically。Understand the connotation of social epistemology，It is the overcoming this stereotype，Re -examine the possibility of development possibility of contemporary epistemology。According to Guersman's statement，Social epistemology can be divided into three types。

The subject of the first category is still the subject of the individual，But the attitude of the individual needs to be defended by social evidence。For example，Testimonial Knowledge by the speaker's notification，More than two or more have the same rational ability、Cognitives who are the same good evidence can still hold completely opposite beliefs，The so -called Peer Disagreement，Bet365 lotto review All research objects that belong to this category。

The subject of the second category is no longer an individual，but the main body of group beliefs。The knowledge of knowledge in daily language is not limited to the individual cognitive，Instead, it may be attributed to a group or institution。For example，"We know" or "the company makes the following decisions"，etc.。This kind of social episodes need to clarify whether the group's belief attitude is true，What are the differences and contacts with the individual。

The third category is Goldman particularly valued，He calls the "system -oriented" theory of epistemology。This kind of social epistemology is designed to evaluate the various systems existing in society from the perspective of the knowledge system、System and its operating mechanism。Any kind of social system must become a knowledge system，Communication between interpersonal interpersonal communication in the system must affect the results of the understanding of individual members。According to this standard，Justice of modern society、Politics、Media Communication、Education and other systems，All the functions of the knowledge system are executed in different senses，Therefore, it also belongs to the research object of system -oriented social epistemology。

　　Reconstruction of knowledge and the essence of society

Compared with the Gegelle style，Reconstruction of knowledge and social evidence、Group beliefs、The essential connection of the social system，It is a distinctive feature of social epistemology。This will greatly subvert the stereotypes of contemporary epistemology，At the same time, it has also produced multiple theoretical effects。Limited to space，It only elaborates from three aspects here。

First，Social Epidemic theory really has the core features of the new liberal arts，Its research depends on the in -depth bet365 best casino games cross and fusion of philosophy and various social sciences。Especially in the system -oriented type of epistemology research，philosophers need to be with political science、Communication、Education and other fields work together。The construction of new literature in the field of philosophy is not just an alliance that advocates philosophers and natural scientists，Also can also look forward to establishing an alliance of philosophers, especially epistemologists, and social scientists。

Next，Social Epidemic theory is a combination of application research and pure theoretical research。Social Epidemic theory is an "Applied EpisteMology)。2019，Laudric Publishing House published a "Application Epidemic Handbook"，Among them, many fresh issues are discussed (such as the non -righteousness of the recognition、Search Engine、Rumors and conspiracy theories) are all categories of social epistemology。But social epistemology is not only the nature of the application，and the same side of pure theoretical construction。

Taking the knowledge of the testimony as an example，Modern British philosophers such as Locke、Hume and Ride have made in -depth discussions and theoretical buildings。In contemporary epistemology, especially the Gamel Formula，testimony knowledge is only regarded as a relatively marginal knowledge type。But where the philosophers in daily language analysis，testimony knowledge is exactly the most typical manifestation of knowledge and nature。According to this understanding，"Know" daily grammar indicates，What we care about is not the difference between "really know" and "just believe"，but "Who has knowledge": Knowledge is what we get from the reliable information supplier。The essential associated between knowledge and information communication is fully elaborated in Edward Craig's "Knowledge bet365 live casino games and Nature"，However, the mainstream research institute that is often ignored by the mainstream research theory。The rise of social epistemology will directly continue this scientific context，It may also include other daily language philosophers such as Austin、Anskid and Bernard Williams and others related work，To provide some kind of、Very different from the theoretical construction of the Gegelle style。

Last，Social epistemology also to build an academic system for the context of Chinese characteristics、The discourse system provides a feasible path。Whether in the daily context of Chinese philosophy or Chinese，The definition and understanding of the concept of "knowledge" will never be based on true、Belief、Cognitive defense and other Gamel -style themes，and always communicate with the real information in social relations、Differential and the belief attitude of the group remained in contact with reason。This is particularly obvious in the development of modern Chinese philosophy。For example，Liang Qichao advocates historical narratives about the evolution of "group"，and "group" is a social psychology or national spirit as the overall existence; Zhang Taiyan、Sun Yat -sen cares about the attitude of beliefs in the issue of knowledge and action relations，Instead, it is a group knowledge and belief that can lead to revolutionary actions;，Different from the opinions in the group as a "consistent and consistent" thinking contradiction movement ... These are all the efforts of the study of "broad understanding theory" and "thick epistemology" in today's academic circles。

This may indicate，The philosophical thinking of the Chinese context is more sensitive to the issue of social epistemology.。As long as you persistently promote the cross -fusion of the theory and the social science，The combination bet365 Play online games of the application research and the research of pure theoretical research，Realize the creative transformation and innovative development of modern Chinese philosophy traditions，We have reason to look forward to，The Chinese discourse of epistemology will make greater contributions to the development of social epistemology。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of East China Normal University)