Edmund Gettier is knowledge? 》 In the article, a subtle concept of concept subverts the "Sanyuan Definition" of traditional knowledge，It is pointed out that even if "obtaining defense -truth -faith" may not be true。Since the 20th century，The knowledge theory of thinking about this problem has gone through multiple stages of formal evolution，The confirmation of the conditions and beliefs of knowledge has become one of the focus issues of the attention of contemporary philosophy。

Traditional knowledge theory is not only threatened by suspicion，and facing difficulties in retrospective demonstration。Basicism does not prove the self -confidence experience as the foundation of the knowledge building and through the "sensory material" defense belief，Knowledge is confirmed by the explanation of "given"，The "sensory material" is about to be used as the starting point of understanding the object object。So，The self -evidence of perception of faith is based on a non -push theory to prove the identity of a special understanding of a special cognitive effect。The perception and belief obtained through the internal saving is direct and indispensable，Basic beliefs do not depend on self -confirmation of other beliefs to confirm the independent characteristics of cognitive independence，Therefore, it has independence in understanding、Reliable bet365 Play online games status。But，In this sense，Basic beliefs at the same time present "unrequited features"，Can't explain how to transition from "so indispensable" belief to other beliefs，This has caused the question of "whether the‘ what 'in the experience is really derived from the subject's perception experience ”。  

It will also resort to the inner mind state，The overall way of compliance between faith is consistent.。Consensus Emphasis on the requirements of knowledge，That is to continue to absorb the integration of new content and belief systems and independence.，To provide the most basic reasons to make our beliefs "true"。Reasons for seeking objects with "best explanation reasoning"，I took another step forward in the explanation of "his mind"。"Consistent" can be understood as "the consensus contained"，It can also be understood as "the interpretation is consistent"，Both highlight the subject's grasp of cognitive facts。But，This method is still asking for help，The disadvantage is that it requires that only support within the belief system，and the unspeakable method within the system once again leads to the vortex of suspicionism。At the same time，Extreme pursuits involve cycle reasoning，The premise of implicit expression is "it must be confirmed", that is, the process of confirmation is not independent。   

Since then，Taking the overall belief system as the background、Inference relationship between belief interpretation interpretation as a consensus of defense，The interaction of the overall blending body is now confirmed by their beliefs。蒯 Because it is Bet365 app download called "the web of faith"，Highlight its mutual support and connect with each other。This belief structure does not exist in the system of no privileges，There is no distinction between superiors and subordinates。The consistency of logic is the core of integration，The question is that if the subject only seeks the same consistency and place the belief inside the closed system，Selection between consistent but incompatible belief system，Then the internal confirmation of all faith seems to have no reasonable basis，Just make a random choice in the same integration system。Concludingists facing the torture of the "independent evidence objection" and "diversified objection" torture cannot give an exact answer。Basicism and consistentism are rich in the attempts to solve the confirmation problems、At the same time of development of knowledge theory，Exposure to the disadvantages of traditional experience and knowledge that cannot heal itself。So，Contemporary knowledge theory abandon the traditional reason that confirmed the inner mind status，Instead of seeking reliable guarantee from "external"。

externalist person pointed out，Knowledge is generated by "reliable" cognitive ability，A belief is confirmed to become knowledge，When and only when the belief is generated by the reliable cognitive process or cognitive mechanism of the subject。This condition can have a lot of understanding，For example, "the belief of the guarantee", "the rationality of the cognition", "logically proper", "trustworthy method", bet365 Play online games etc.。Feeling and reasoning may make errors，The fundamental to cognition is to grasp the relationship between mind and object，instead of the object itself。Knowing is to explain how the subject forms a concept of existence。The reliableism of causality theory resort to the formation process of faith，The faith is indeed confirmed to be realized in the facts of "being believed" and the cause and effect between the facts of the belief，Mind achieves perception of external world in a certain direction，The conditions of knowledge are converted into the proper causality of the inquiry object and the mind is in the appropriate causal relationship。visible，Reliableism is not completely excluding the authentication of traditional knowledge，3102_3125，To solve the problem of objects and mental conversion with this。This confirmation method has gradually become a paradigm for confirmation of externalist knowledge theory。

For faith，This law can be explained by scientific methods，Observe the virtual condition of "facts" to observe the experiment。Where，Inner province and consciousness as the most representative understanding，At the same time is the two main ways confirmed。Belief is confirmed through the process of association and then becomes knowledge。"Reliable theory of Cause and effect" and "connection between the laws" are essentially supporting: the state of faith and the conditions of the confirmation have a certain correlation。But，If it is only transformed into a causal relationship into a perception、Non -push theory knowledge bet365 live casino games in the province，There are countless different reliability in the process of a faith.，Reliable theory is difficult to give a clear definition for "which process is the most reliable"。To solve this problem，Rebellion of different versions of improvement theory，Usually start starting from two aspects: sequence and formation method of faith，Show the unique theoretical advantage of the reliability of the understanding process。

In the process of mutual defense of knowledge internal and external theory，People generally use going to Gehlis into theoretical goals，This to a certain extent dispel the confirmation of confirmation between the theory of suspicion and the theory of traditional knowledge。But，This confirming the relationship between knowledge and "true" has a very serious misunderstanding，so that the "simple rules" are confirmed by adopting "simple rules" afterwards。Where。Bayesian Law is the probability of faith confirmation model，Its basic role is to act as a theoretical way to realize the "true" bridge between subjective and objective，Use behavior as a way to observe the mind。When new evidence appears，Conditional theorem can continue to adjust the degree of belief through the probability of non -push theory and evidence conditional reasoning，Based on a simple measurement of belief, providing a reliable philosophical analysis as a subjective probability，Use the Bayesian theorem to further explain when obtaining new data to change the situation of the recognition situation。This method breaks the traditional mode of conviction bet365 best casino games defense，The form of static analysis is fixed while satisfying the probability of personal beliefs，Knowledge and confirmation issues resort to the confirmation of non -faithful reasons，It can be said that it is a flash point in the development process of modern contemporary knowledge theory。

In the second half of the 20th century，Analysis of philosophy Following the confirmation of knowledge from the perspective of diversified dynamics，The criticism of the critical spearhead directly refers to the sensory experience that has long been regarded as a knowledge foundation。New pragmatism calls it "the myth you give"，Reveal the paradox contained in sensory materials and related theories with rigorous demonstration。"Psychological only theory" opposes traditional experience and knowledge of "non -pushing theory" as the basis for cognition and determines our final ruling on the world。As a rational subject，"We" has a reason to act，Become a unique composition of nature，Mind、Language and the world are associated with each other，The concept presented in the concept of realism shows the social and normative steering of knowledge with unique theoretical advantages，The effect of the era of its generation has a milestone position。

Human acquisition of knowledge is a very complicated construction of mental activities。The thinking of contemporary philosophy on the Gaelier problem covers the cutting -edge theoretical achievements of natural science and social sciences，Provide a more systematic system for confirmation of knowledge、Exquisite interpretation。bet365 best casino games Its theoretical results will have an important impact on many areas of human society。

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