Lu Shuxiang (1904-1998)，Famous Linguist，Native of Danyang, Jiangsu。Born in Danyang, Jiangsu December 1904，Graduated from the Department of Foreign Language of the National Southeast University in 1926。Once at Danyang Middle School、Suzhou Middle School and other schools in charge。1936 public expenses studying in the UK，Department of Anthropology at Oxford University、Study at the Department of Library of the University of London。Back to China in 1938，Associate Professor of the Department of Literature and History of the National Yunnan University。Later Researcher at the Chinese Institute of Culture, Huaxi Association University、Researcher at the Institute of Chinese Culture, Jinling University，Professor of Chinese Department of National Central University。Professor of Chinese Department of Tsinghua University in 1950、Eastern European Exchange Students Chinese Language Specialty Class。Since 1952, he has been a researcher and deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (since 1977 to belong to the Chinese bet365 live casino games Academy of Social Sciences)、Director、Honorary Director。Member of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955，Honor Member of the American Language Society，Dr. Honor for the Chinese University of Hong Kong，Foreign Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences。China People's Political Consultative Conference 2、Member of the Third National Committee，third、4、5、6、Representatives of the People's Congress of the Seventh National People's Congress，Member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress、Member of the Legal Committee。Editor -in -chief of "Chinese Language"、The first chairman of the Chinese Language Society、Deputy Director of the Chinese Cultural Reform Commission、The first chairman of the National Middle School Language Teaching Research Association、Honorary President of the World Chinese Teaching Society。Compilation of "Modern Chinese Dictionary"，Into the book "Chinese Grammatics", "Modern Chinese Refers", "Chinese Grammar Analysis Problem" and other textbooks and works，Compilation of "Chinese Grammar Paper Collection", "Lv Shu Shu Xiang Language Theory", "Lu Shuxiang Theory of Chinese Teaching", "Lu Shuxiang's Collection", "Complete Works of Lu Shuxiang" nineteen volume。

　  Lu Shuxiang (1904-1998) is one of the most influential linguists in the 20th century，He pursues progress throughout his life、Ideal，It is a high status of the country's national interests、Academic everyone with a sense of social responsibility。When the New China was established，Lu Shuxiang inscribed behind a group photo with his wife: "Young people are with great ideals，Elderly people get younger and younger。。He is like this，Although people had reached middle -aged at that time，But still with a young mentality，Connecting your academic ideals on the land of New China。

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Lu Shuxiang's ideal is formed in the youth。When the May 4th Movement broke out，He 15 years old，Reading in Fifth Middle School in Changzhou Province。May 4th New Things strongly impacted the mind of the young man Lu Shuxiang。He said in his experience in his later years: "In the last semester of middle school，It hurts a while in order to take a university。Several students in the class are preparing to take the Examination of Jiaotong University (Jiaotong University)，Also encouraging me to take the exam。My father wants me to take a school special school，Because he has suffered a loss of lawsuits。I want to take a literary science myself，At that time, many young people were subject to May 4th Movement、Impact of the New Cultural Movement，All are preparing to dedicate to cultural work。Last，I still apply for the Arts and Sciences of Southeast University according to my volunteer。”

bet365 Play online games Lu Shuxiang was born in an ordinary businessman family in Danyang, Jiangsu in 1904，witnessed the poor and weakness of the people's livelihood。The elementary school he is studying is the first，In addition to basic education of Chinese studies，Chinese text also opened、arithmetic、Slim、English and other "New Education" courses，Let the young Lu Shuxiang have the ideal of "cultural saving the country"。

During studying at Southeast University，Lu Shuxiang learns the modern knowledge of various categories of arts and sciences like thirsty，The concept of new culture is deeply rooted in his mind。until the year of 耄耋，He still said to the reporter who interviewed him without pride: "Until now，May Fourth Similar Tide still works in my thoughts。"After graduating from university，He is down -to -earth，Explore modern teaching methods in the teaching practice of several middle schools。Shortly afterwards，He has obtained the qualifications for studying abroad in Jiangsu Province。Lu Shuxiang at this time is no longer a bloody youth in his twenties，Work practice has also changed his thoughts，It makes him realize that national rejuvenation needs advanced thoughts，More actual work is needed。A accidental opportunity in 1931，He goes to Peiping Medical College to work in the library，Then he hosted the library management of Suzhou Middle School。So，He knows that the construction of modern library is a crucial work that promotes cultural education。That's it，In order to learn the management method of modern library，He resolutely decided to use library learning as a professional direction for studying abroad。At that time，His ideal is after learning to return to China，Start from the transformation and rectification of the Jiangsu Library，Provide the most practical service for the people's cultural undertakings。

Shortly after studying in the UK，The outbreak of the Seventh Seven Incident，Lu Shuxiang worried about his hometown，Back to China in advance。Forced by the war，He moved to several colleges and universities in Yunnan and Sichuan in the rear，Entering language teaching and research。Those years at the Chinese Institute of China Culture, Huaxi Association，In an extremely difficult living environment，The danger of bombarding the Japanese aircraft，Lu Shuxiang stubbornly doing academic research。What he thinks is to use the modern linguistics method he has mastered，Solve the case of Chinese history suspension after another。and the grand ideal of the backward appearance of the national culture of the new thought of the May 4th New Things，At that time, I was suffering from no more suitable way of implementation。

One day in March 1941，Lu Shuxiang's residence is here an uninvited guest，He is Ye Shengtao, then a special member of the Sichuan Provincial Museum of Education and Sciences。Ye Shengtao is the main general of the New Culture Movement，Love progress，Pursue light，Reform of the popularization of popular culture and the reform of basic education for many years。After he took office in Sichuan Province in 1940，To promote Chinese teaching in secondary schools，It proposed a series of very creative measures，One of them is to write a Chinese grammar book for Chinese language teachers for middle schools。For this，Ye Shengtao went to the residence of Lu Shuxiang, Huaxi Association University, to visit。Research Institute of Lu Shuxiang at that time，Proposal "The ideal of academic work is special and special、Deep and Deep "。The concept brought by Ye Shengtao's visit- "Chinese education work is not lower than professional research"，caused Lu Shuxiang's strong resonance。So，He invested this job with great enthusiasm，It took more than a year before and after，Write three volumes of "Chinese grammatical and law", which has a huge influence in the history of Chinese linguistics。

"Chinese grammar must be torrent"  Information pictures

"Lu Shu Xiang Wen Collection" information picture

From Ye Shengtao，Lu Shuxiang seemed to see the brightness of his youthful age。Since then，After research，He follows Ye Shengtao to do the popularity of Chinese。Bet365 app download On the popular publications such as "Middle School Students" and "Chinese Magazine" hosted by Ye Shengtao，He wrote a lot of knowledge about Chinese、English explanation、Composition evaluation and other articles。1948，Lu Shuxiang's family moved to Shanghai，officially joined Ye Shengtao's Kaiming Bookstore。"Enlightened Spirit" was uploaded to the history of modern Chinese culture as a good story，This spirit is shaped from the advocacy of Ye Shengtao's physical strength，Also from Lu Shuxiang、Zhu Ziqing, a group of progressive scholars, Jiayan Xingxing。They are based on the public、The spirit of the rejuvenation of national culture，Affects Chinese generations of generations。

January 1949，Ye Shengtao at the invitation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，Leaving Shanghai，From Hong Kong Transfer to Beijing，Participate in the Political Consultative Conference。Lu Shuxiang and friends excitedly sent off for Ye Lao，Full of longing for New China。After the People's Liberation Army crosses the river successfully，Lu Shuxiang's composition review column in "Enlightened Boy"，In the student's work, "We can no longer be persecuted by the Kuomintang reactionaries，It is very appreciated to get real democracy and freedom "，Because this also pin his own voice。

　　The founder of modern Chinese career

Establishment of New China，Let Lu Shuxiang see the dawn of the revival of national culture，He enthusiastically puts in the work of the new textbook writing and the compilation of the new dictionary led by Ye Shengtao。1951，Mao Zedong personally instructed Hu Qiaomu to find experts to write popular articles or textbooks，General Chinese knowledge education for the whole society。Mao Zedong's "abuse of abuse omission、Unclear eyebrows、Explanation of unknown、Unclear eyebrows、Together "and other problems is very alert，At the same time, I also think，The development of a good style within the party needs to be based on accurate grammar rhetoric。Under the recommendation of Ye Shengtao，Lu Shuxiang invited Zhu Dexi to take this task together。The two struggled for three months，Written as "Grammar Rhetoric Speech"，Serialized on the People's Daily from June 6。That day，"People's Daily" solemnly published on the front page solemnly published by Mao Zedong's own editorial "Correct use of the language of the motherland，Fight for the purity and health of the language! 》。The editorial said: "Use language correctly to express thoughts，in today，It has a significant political significance in the various tasks led by the Communist Party。Each file of the party's organization and government organs，Each report，Each newspaper，Each publication，All to promote the truth to the masses、Existing the task and method。They have a great influence among the masses，Therefore, any file must be used、Report、newspapers and publications can express their thoughts in the right language，Make the mind correctly for the masses，Only the power of the correct material can be generated。"The" Grammar Ryse speech "written by Lu Shuxiang and Zhu Dexi，strongly promoted the popularization of Chinese knowledge，It plays a key role in the construction of the New China style。This incident has become a major turning point in Lu Shuxiang's life，From then on, his work is closely integrated with the party's cause。

The first constitution of New China has been drafted since the end of 1953，As of September 1954, the first National People's Congress officially passed，After nearly a year of time，Lu Shuxiang participated as a Chinese expert in March 1954。early March，The original draft of the constitution was completed，Dong Biwu presided over a seminar，Invite Hu romance、Ye Shengtao and Lu Shuxiang，The words were used to scrutinize it all day; in late March，The central government officially proposed the preliminary draft of the Constitution，Drafting Committee hires Ye Shengtao、Lu Shuxiang as a Chinese consultant，Together with other experts，Discuss the draft constitution from different angles、bet365 live casino games Five Organization Regulations，and Liu Shaoqi's reports on the drafting of the Constitution。Half -year work is extremely busy，Sometimes work from 9 in the morning to 12 pm for a few days in a row。until September 14，From work at 10 am to 7pm，Always modifying reports in Zhongnanhai，Lu Shuxiang described: "From early March to mid -September，Today is the last time，Sonic merit，Comrade Shaoqi scattered in the wine。"the next day，The first meeting of the first National People's Congress was held in Beijing，Discussion draft of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China was officially proposed at the meeting。Lu Shuxiang and Ye Shengtao in this first vernacular national Dafa in this Chinese history，Implement the cultural and sports concepts established by them since the new cultural movement，I have devoted great enthusiasm for the democratic politics of New China。

The 1950s and 1960s，Director of the Institute of Language of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the highest language research institution in my country，Lu Shuxiang not only led the various studies of New Chinese linguistics，and fully participated in all the major Chinese construction work in the early days of the founding of New China: determine the modern Chinese standard task、Draw a middle school teaching grammar system、Develop a Chinese pinyin solution, etc.。

October 1955，"Academic Conference of Modern Chinese Standards" was held in Beijing，Vice Premier Chen Yi、Guo Moruo, Dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, delivered a speech，conveyed the task put forward by the Party Central Committee and the State Council for language work。"People's Daily" published an editorial for this saying: "In order to smoothly carry out socialist construction，In order to fully play the communication role of language in social life，Even in order to effectively develop the connection between ethnic and international、Unite work，All must make the norms of the Han nation clearly clear，The scope of the promotion to the whole nation。"Lu Shuxiang read the theme report of the" Modern Chinese Standards "co -authored by Luo Changpei and him at the conference，Emphasize "Linguist should study the specifications of language，and promote the standardization of language through this research "。The report outlines the blueprint for the language work of our country in the future。After the meeting，The State Council issues instructions，Instructed the Institute of Language Research Institute to compile as soon as possible medium -sized Chinese dictionary with the purpose of determining the vocabulary specifications。For a few years since then，Lu Shuxiang put his main energy into the writing of the Modern Chinese Dictionary。

"Modern Chinese Dictionary" is a career that has no ancient people，The previous Chinese dictionaries are based on classical Chinese，No one has never done such a Pattlement call vocabulary、Explain in Mandarin、New Chinese -language dictionary work for examples of speaking talks。"Not only should you learn the modern scientific dictionary compilation method，Advanced experience，Some special problems encountered in the Chinese dictionary when compiling Chinese dictionaries。"Lu Shuxiang's first soldiers，The writers who lead the language institute excerpt the specifications and use cases and use cases from the literature and materials in various fields，Millions of cards accumulate like mountains。Those days officially written，His work at the dictionary editor room every day，I often only eat the steamed buns brought by the home at noon，After get off work at night，I also take the manuscript home to see midnight，The weekly manuscript workload is more than 1500，Don't rest even weekends。After more than 1,000 days and nights，Lu Shuxiang led the dictionary editor room to complete the work of the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (trial book)，Created a new era of editing and publishing in my country，Promotion of Mandarin my country、Popularization and the standardization of language have made great contributions。

　　Combination of personal destiny with the party's destiny

early 1978，Witness the serious situation of the destruction of the Chinese Bet365 app download career，Lu Shuxiang felt painfully，As the basis of national cultural construction，Can Chinese education take as soon as possible，It is significant anyway for the whole country's chaos。At a symposium in February 1978，Lu Shuxiang on the status quo of language research、Elementary and Middle School Chinese Teaching、University Public Language、Library and other issues made a special speech。This speech is valued by Hu Qiaomu，Part of the part of the Chinese and secondary school Chinese teaching and university public languages ​​in the speech is copied to Deng Xiaoping。Soon，This part is published on the People's Daily based on the title of "Two Urgent Issues in the current Chinese Teaching"，Article Pain Chen Chen Ling Middle School Chinese Teaching、Slow、difference、Fee: "The total number of classes in ten years is 9160 class hours，The Chinese is 2749 lessons，It happens to be 30%。Ten years of time，More than 2700 lessons to learn Mandarin text，But most of them are not passing，Isn't it weird! ... This is a serious problem that cannot be ignored "，Vigorously advocate all aspects to pay attention to "improve the efficiency of Chinese teaching，Get better results in less time "。This article has caused a strong response in all sectors of society，It's like a thunderbolt，The horn of the Chinese education reform blew。Recalling the academic work of Lu Shuxiang's later years，Zhang Bojiang, the academic secretary of his former secretary: "Mr. Lu, who is more than ancient times than ever, is more distressed and sad than ever.，He believes that establishing the correct primary and secondary school education policy as soon as possible is the top priority。He runs around to appeal，Emphasize the language teaching of primary and secondary schools; enthusiastically supports new methods in Chinese education。In the early 1980s，Lu Shuxiang except for research academic conference，The most attended by the most attending forum on Chinese teaching; except for research papers，What he published the most is also an article discussed on Chinese teaching questions。If you are young, Lu Shuxiang hopes to use modern cultural knowledge to wake up the old China with poverty and weakness，Lv Shu Shuxiang in his later years also hopes that the original weak social and cultural level will make up the loss as soon as possible，Modernization of social civilization。"Lu Shuxiang thinks，The important reason for the low efficiency of Chinese language teaching in elementary school is the contradiction between "learning Chinese" and "knowledge of Chinese characters"。"First Liberation、Read after reading、Re -composition "This line mode，Makes elementary school students from developing a written language in a timely manner on the basis of the original spoken language，Can't achieve the coordinated development of oral language and written language，Delayed the development of the language and thinking of elementary school students。1982，Several primary schools in Heilongjiang have made three years of "phonetic literacy，Reading and writing in advance "teaching experiments，Lu Shuxiang devoted this activity to particularly high enthusiasm，Report on the progress of the experiment multiple times，In 1984, I went to Jiamusi to participate in the teaching experiment work report meeting，Give strong support for this experiment。

Lu Shuxiang has experienced the war frequency of the semi -feudal society in the first half of the founding of the New China in his life.、Minsheng withered，witnessed the revival dawn brought by the New China to this nation。In his later years，I said to the young people who work around them，The best two periods he has experienced in his life，First is those years after the founding of New China in the 1950s，The second is the reform and opening up period of the 1980s。Lu Shuxiang and Deng Xiaoping are their peers，They have the same feelings and vision of the destiny of the country and the nation。1983，Deng Xiaoping proposed "Education must face modernization、Facing the world、Face for the future。"Lu Shuxiang praised Bet365 lotto review this method very much，He is in many speeches，Putting the meaning of Chinese education reform in the background of the 20th Century Chinese Reform Movement、Put it in the era of "three aspects" to discuss。New Year's Day in 1985 just passed，Lv Shu Shuxiang, who is over 80 years old, took the initiative to cast a long text "The Features of Chinese and the current Chinese Questions"，Explain the relationship between Chinese and Chinese characters in a simple way，Talking about the evolution of Chinese characters and dialect problems，Introduction of the vernacular movement and the front and back of Chinese pinyinization。Last，Article contact Deng Xiaoping's "Facing Modernization、Facing the world、Face for the Future "，Comments the various problems existing in Chinese and Chinese characters。Lu Shuxiang's center of gravity said: "Young friends，The future belongs to you。You inherited a Chinese heritage，It has many advantages，There are also many shortcomings。How to carry forward its advantages，Disadvantages to overcome it，It depends on your efforts。”

Comparison before and after the establishment of New China，Make Lu Shuxiang's trust in the Communist Party increasingly deepened，At work，He consciously combines his destiny with the party's destiny。The achievements of New China make him see the hope of the nation，He solemnly proposed an application for joining the party。1984，The first branch of the Institute of Language Discussion and approved the application of Lu Shuxiang，His gloriously becomes a member of the Communist Party of China，I have satisfied my wish for nearly 30 years。

Lu Shuxiang has already regarded his work and his work as a part of the party and the state.。2040s，He has developed a personal long -term writing plan。When the language specifications and educational undertakings of New China need to invest more energy，He resolutely gave up his research plan，Yisuvy devoted to academic organizations and social welfare in language teaching and research。He said: The so -called righteousness of the ancients，Analysis，"Yi" represents the collective interest、Long -term interests，"Profit" represents personal interests and interests in front of you。"Being benevolent" is his principle of being a man，It is also a manifestation of his lofty awareness as a Communist member。

As an outstanding representative of the intellectual world，He actively participates in politics，Delivery and suggestions for the construction and development of the country。Lu Shuxiang was once the second、Member of the Third National Committee，Third、4、5、6、Seventh representative and member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress、Member of the Legal Committee。February 1982，The Constitution of the Republic ushered in the most important revision，From February 22nd to March 11th, Lu Shuxiang was during the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 5th National People's Congress，The whole process participated in the discussion of other laws such as the text scrutiny of the Constitution and other laws such as the Civil Procedure Law。His highly evaluate the highlight of the educational status in the Constitution，In his speech: "Compared with the previous constitution，There are many advantages of this constitutional revision draft。I only say one point，It emphasizes the importance of cultural education。Why emphasizes education like this? Because education is the root of all causes。Things need to be done，People have to learn if they can do things，You have to be educated。We are doing four modernizations now，It is necessary to have modern talents，To strengthen higher education，This point has long had a consistent understanding。But modernization must not only have senior talents，There must be a majority of people with a certain culture to cooperate，Otherwise, I will make more effort and progress slowly。Education is indispensable to build material civilization，Construction spirit civilization is even less educated。One person，If ignorance，I will do stupid things; a country，If a considerable number of people are ignorant，There will be problems everywhere。”

　　A Master of the Monument

Lu Shuxiang is a generation of masters of Chinese linguistics，His academic achievements are well -known; he is also a model of morality among scholars，Learning style and character admiration。1987，When the Chinese University of Hong Kong awarded a honorary doctoral degree to Lu Shuxiang，The praise to Lu Shuxiang is: "In the English world，English in English is controversial，Frequently with the opinions of Fuller as a guideline。In the Chinese field，We are accustomed to the opinions of Mr. Lu Shuxiang's opinions。"，Lu Shuxiang himself never self -dwelling with academic authority，He always regards himself as an ordinary employee in the unit、Young Teacher's Friends。Liu Jian, the late director of the Institute of Language Research, recalled: "Mr. Lu has been the director of the Language Institute for many years，Govern all prescriptions。I think he was in the governance office，Always treat young people as an important job。Mr. Lu has held an English learning class for us，Personal work in the senior class。Looking back now，This job is a waste of his time。But Mr. Lu must not think so，He is a positive sitting in each class，No one dares to take a little bit of God when he is serious and serious。"colleague Li Linding recalled:" Once I went to Mr. Lu's house，By the way, what is Mr. Lu who is busy recently，Mr. Lu said that he was pondering the paper written by a young man in the last week，Re -drafting her outline for her，Let her rewrite，After writing，He look again。When Mr. Lu said this，The tone is very casual，It seems that this is a matter of course。I do n’t know about the administrative work of Mr. Lu at that time、Research work is very heavy。Mr. Lu is so often drawing the whole paragraph，to help young people。”

Lu Shuxiang is the first member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，He refuses to receive the allowance of members of the Studies of the State Department，Active refund; he reads textbooks for Peking University，Peking University sent a review fee，He also paid the Financial Office of the Language Research Institute; the publisher published six volumes of "Lu Shuxiang Wen Collection"，He donated all the heater fees to the middle school and primary school of his hometown of Danyang。1983，To promote the development of the language research of the motherland，Encourage the current status and history of Chinese language to investigate and study Chinese young scholars with achievements，Lu Shuxiang donated many years of savings，Establish a bonus of youth linguists at the Chinese bet365 live casino games Academy of Social Sciences。After a few years，He also transferred the prize winning the first Wu Yuzhang prize and other prizes to the youth linguist bonus。Lu Shuxiang this kind of foresight and distant、Send hope in the future、The lofty spirit of the post -school school，Winned the extensive respect of the academic circles。Now，This award has been renamed "Lu Shuxiang Linguistics Award"，For more than 30 years，Reward and cultivate a large number of linguistic leaders and academic backbones，Lu Shuxiang's academic spirit is also inherited from generation to generation。

　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Language Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)