In recent years，Benefit from artificial intelligence、Cloud computing、The rapid development of big data and other technologies，Digital bet365 new customer offer is rapidly emerging around the world，Changed the original development model of international bet365 new customer offer，Virtualization、Digital、Intelligent、Convenience has become a new trend in the current development of international bet365 new customer offer。

In the context of the continued global economic downturn，Digital bet365 new customer offer promotes changes in global value chains，Lower bet365 new customer offer access threshold，Promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional bet365 new customer offer、Business model upgrade，Gradually develop into a new engine of global economic growth。However，Existing digital bet365 new customer offer rules are incomplete and lag behind practice，Far from adapting to the requirements of the rapid development of digital bet365 new customer offer，Restricting the development of the global digital economy to a certain extent，Influencing the sustainable and healthy development of the global economy。

　　Competition in digital bet365 new customer offer rules is obvious

The rise of digital bet365 new customer offer is based on the digital economy，It is a new bet365 new customer offer model formed when digitalization and globalization develop to a certain period。Despite the rapid development of digital bet365 new customer offer，However, there is currently no consensus in the international community on the specific definition of digital bet365 new customer offer。

　2013，The U.S. International bet365 new customer offer Commission took the lead in proposing the concept of digital bet365 new customer offer，That is, digital bet365 new customer offer is transmitted using the Internet、Business activities or international bet365 new customer offer in delivering products and services，But most physical bet365 new customer offer is not included。2014，The U.S. International bet365 new customer offer Commission divided digital bet365 new customer offer into four categories in the "Digital bet365 new customer offer in the U.S. and Global Economy II" report，Search engines respectively、Social Media、Digital delivery of content and other digital products or services。2018，The Office of the United States bet365 new customer offer Representative defines it as bet365 new customer offer conducted by electronic means，And classify e-commerce as digital bet365 new customer offer，Therefore, digital bet365 new customer offer can be simply divided into two categories: traditional e-commerce and cross-border bet365 new customer offer relying on electronic means。The emergence of digital bet365 new customer offer poses new challenges to global bet365 new customer offer and investment rules，Involved more and more widely in bilateral and multilateral bet365 new customer offer。

Under the current provisions of the WTO，No special rules for digital bet365 new customer offer。The initial stage of digital bet365 new customer offer development is equated with e-commerce，Relevant rule-making is mostly concentrated in the agreement text and annexes under the WTO framework。Such as the General Agreement on bet365 new customer offer in Services (GATS)、Agreement on bet365 new customer offer-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)、"Information Technology Agreement" (ITA), etc.。In 2017, WTO member states jointly issued the "Joint Statement on E-Commerce"，Emphasized the importance of e-commerce and the development opportunities it covers，Also ensuring a certain degree of free flow of numbers and prohibiting localization of all data。But currently there are transmission tariffs for e-commerce、Issues such as the qualitative and service models of e-commerce and the classification of new e-commerce have not yet been resolved。

The WTO framework agreement is obviously unable to meet the regulatory needs brought about by the rapid development of global digital bet365 new customer offer，Advanced economies then took the lead in formulating the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP)、Transatlantic bet365 new customer offer and Investment Partnership (TTIP)、Digital bet365 new customer offer rules for three very large free bet365 new customer offer agreements in the bet365 new customer offer in Services Agreement (TISA)。TPP digital bet365 new customer offer rules mainly regulate e-commerce，The core is the pursuit of free and open bet365 new customer offer in digital products and services，Conducive to maintaining US content services、Advantages in areas such as search engines and social networking sites。2018，11 member states other than the United States signed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and entered into force。The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) was signed in the same year，Further improvements to the rules，And change the e-commerce chapter to the digital bet365 new customer offer chapter。November 2019，The "US-Japan Digital bet365 new customer offer Agreement" further promotes the level of digital bet365 new customer offer rules。TTIP launched in 2013，Has an important impact on the European and American economies and even the global bet365 new customer offer pattern，At present, both parties have reached consensus on some terms of digital bet365 new customer offer，Focus on electronic certification services、Consumer privacy protection, etc.，Digital localization and cross-border data flows are not involved。For TISA，Digital bet365 new customer offer rules are an important issue under its framework，Since the early negotiations were launched in early 2012, many rounds of negotiations and consultations have been conducted so far，The purpose is to create cross-border data、Regulatory rules for emerging areas such as e-commerce，Thus driving the development of digital bet365 new customer offer and cross-border bet365 new customer offer，Cross-border data flow、Personal information protection、Data storage localization、Proposals such as Internet platform responsibility are the focus issues，And its results on digital bet365 new customer offer are mainly concentrated in the field of e-commerce，This is basically the same as TPP。

All the time，The formulation of digital bet365 new customer offer rules is dominated by Europe and the United States，Developing countries are in a passive position，The signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) will help break this situation。Includes China、Japan、RCEP of 15 members including South Korea was proposed by 10 ASEAN countries，covers 29.7% of the global population，The economic scale accounted for 29% of the global economic total in 2019.3%，Is the world’s largest bet365 new customer offer agreement。RCEP helps to promote the solution of data authentication，Enhancing digital economic policies in developing countries、The right to speak on cross-border data flow rules；At the same time, it is conducive to promoting the upgrading of regional economic integration and the formulation of global rules for digital bet365 new customer offer；For promoting the embedding of digital products into global value chains，It is of great significance to realize the development of the entire industry chain of digital bet365 new customer offer。

　European and American templates for digital bet365 new customer offer rules

Currently，The world’s major economies are passing regional bet365 new customer offer agreements、The WTO multilateral framework actively promotes the formulation and improvement of a new system of digital bet365 new customer offer rules，And developed economies such as Europe and the United States，With its leading advantage in the development of digital economy，Established a globally binding rule system，Holding the leadership and voice of digital bet365 new customer offer rules。The United States leads the TPP through its leadership、USMCA and other bet365 new customer offer agreements have established a system of digital bet365 new customer offer rules，The formation of “American template”；Europe has established a corresponding "European template" through agreements such as TTIP。

The development of digital bet365 new customer offer in the United States started early，Complete infrastructure，Digital technology is in a leading position compared to other countries。At the same time，The United States is also the first country to separate digital bet365 new customer offer from the digital economy，First to propose the concept of digital bet365 new customer offer，is the leader in the development of global digital bet365 new customer offer、Important formulator and designer of corresponding rules。The United States has the following characteristics in formulating digital bet365 new customer offer rules。First, the rules that reflect the United States’ will and advantages in digital bet365 new customer offer have basically taken shape。Under the existing WTO framework，The United States actively promotes bilateral negotiations and the formulation of digital bet365 new customer offer rules，Consolidate our own digital bet365 new customer offer advantages。The United States further pointed out in the report "Basic Elements for Promoting Digital bet365 new customer offer" submitted in 2017，Digital bet365 new customer offer content includes advocating permanent tariff-free data transmission、Promote the free flow of cross-border data、Advocate for network openness, etc.。The second is to consolidate theoretical research and define the connotation and scope of digital bet365 new customer offer。The United States not only took the lead in dividing the basic meaning and content scope of digital bet365 new customer offer，Provide theoretical support for research on digital bet365 new customer offer rules，Always at the forefront of the world。2013，The U.S. International bet365 new customer offer Commission took the lead in defining the definition and scope of digital bet365 new customer offer in "Digital bet365 new customer offer in the U.S. and Global Economy I"，And lay the foundation for how to calculate。2014，Including domestic bet365 new customer offer in "Digital bet365 new customer offer in the United States and the Global Economy II"，Expand the scope of digital bet365 new customer offer。2017 "Key Barriers to Digital bet365 new customer offer" further integrates sales and online services on the Internet、Data flows in the global value chain are included in the scope of digital bet365 new customer offer，The concept of digital bet365 new customer offer is broader。The third is to promote the formulation of digital bet365 new customer offer rules and lead bet365 new customer offer negotiations。With the advantage of early development of digital bet365 new customer offer，The United States has a strong say in the formulation of existing digital bet365 new customer offer rules，Lead bet365 new customer offer negotiations to shape digital bet365 new customer offer rules in line with U.S. interests。Through multilateral talks under the WTO framework、Bilateral bet365 new customer offer negotiations、Multilateral and regional negotiations to build new digital bet365 new customer offer agreements or rule systems，Among them, TPP is a concentrated expression of the priority of American interests。

The EU has the largest digital bet365 new customer offer market and digital bet365 new customer offer scale in Europe，Promote the development of digital bet365 new customer offer mainly by formulating relevant digital economic development strategies，Thus driving the rapid development of the EU economy。The formulation of EU digital bet365 new customer offer rules has the following characteristics。First, focus on building a European digital single market。2010，The EU has proposed the goal of creating a digital single market in the "European Digital Agenda"。2015，The EU further proposed to break down digital market barriers in the "European Digital Single Market Strategy"，Building a European Digital Single Market。The second is to focus on the protection of personal information and citizen privacy。In the EU Data Protection Directive (1995)，Explicitly request that personal data be prohibited from being transferred to other countries or regions that do not meet EU standards，At the same time, relevant data requires the establishment of a data protection agency in a third country，And it can only be operated and used after being registered，Under certain conditions，The use of private data still needs to be approved by the European Commission。The EU adopted the "Digital bet365 new customer offer Strategy" report in 2017，Clearly expressed opposition to digital bet365 new customer offer protection，Enforcing data localization is prohibited，Emphasis on the protection of personal information and citizen privacy。The third is the lack of an independent and complete digital bet365 new customer offer rule system。Although the development of digital bet365 new customer offer is the consensus of all countries，But the EU itself is made up of multiple countries，Countries have different demands and interests，There are therefore still differences in the formulation of digital bet365 new customer offer rules。In the free bet365 new customer offer agreement signed by the European Union，The rules related to digital bet365 new customer offer are mostly scattered in different chapters，Lack of complete and systematic summary，Difficulty adapting to evolving digital bet365 new customer offer needs。

On digital bet365 new customer offer rules，The United States and Europe have the right to speak，The two have the same purpose of developing digital bet365 new customer offer，But there are major differences in the basic concepts of cross-border data flow and personal privacy protection。The United States actively promotes the free flow of cross-border data，A series of guidelines and policies to “ensure the free flow of data” have been introduced，Promote a position on freedom of information and data，And expressly oppose the localization of digital storage。relatively speaking，The EU is more cautious about the free flow of cross-border data，Pay more attention to the maintenance of personal privacy and national security。The EU’s core proposition is that the prerequisite for the free flow of cross-border data is to ensure that data can be effectively regulated，Also requires cross-border data to be stored within the country，Only other non-EU countries or regions have data supervision or protection that meets certain conditions，will be transmitted to it。

　(Author’s affiliation: School of International Business and Economics, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics)