April 10, 2022，Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of the National Unified Unified Market issued by the State Council clearly required，"Relying on public resource trading platform，Construction of the nation's unified carbon emissions right、Trading market for water rights，Implementing unified and standardized industry standards、Transaction Supervision Mechanism "。Before that，The national carbon emission right trading market officially launched on July 16, 2021，It marks the start of the national carbon emission right transaction。but，At present, there is still market segmentation in the national carbon market、Industry division、Information segmentation and regulatory segmentation and other problems，Limited market participation、The transaction is not active、Low carbon price，As a result, the market mechanism cannot fully play a role。

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First is the "market segmentation" caused by the parallel carbon market，That is the local pilot carbon market and the national carbon market in parallel、Forced carbon market and voluntary carbon market in parallel。According to the "Administrative Measures for Carbon Emissions Transaction (Trial)"，Enterprises that have not been included in the national carbon market will continue to stay in the pilot carbon market for transactions。Pilot carbon market first test，While providing experience for experience in the national carbon market，It also causes the regional segmentation between the pilot carbon market，Optimized allocation of emission reduction resources，At the same time, it causes the company's carbon leakage problem，Weaken the emission reduction effect of the carbon market。other，In terms of compulsory emission reduction market and voluntary Bet365 lotto review emission reduction market,，The national carbon market as a compulsory emission reduction market can use a state to verify voluntary reduction (CCER)，But the filing and emission reduction issuance of related projects has not been restarted，Therefore, it has not achieved interconnection with the voluntary carbon market，Lead of insufficient effective demand for voluntary carbon market，Can't fully reflect its optimization of energy consumption structure、The role of guiding society in low carbon investment，It is not conducive to the play of the national carbon market emission reduction spilling effect and radiation effect。

Second, the "industry segmentation" caused by incomplete industry coverage，That is, the high emission industry has not been completely included in the national carbon market。To establish a national unified carbon market，Pioneer in the power industry，Petrochemical、Chemical、Building materials、Iron、Colored、papermaking、Aviation and other high -emission industries will be gradually included in an orderly manner during the "14th Five -Year Plan" period。On the one hand，Instead of industry coverage, the difference in internal emission reduction costs in the carbon market is small，It cannot form effective demand and effective carbon price signals; in addition，EU carbon border regulation mechanism (CBAM) will be implemented with cement、Electricity、Fertilizer、Steel and aluminum five types of products are levied tariffs，Then increase the cost pressure from the high -emission industry that my country has not been included in the national carbon market to EU products，Weaken the international competitiveness of related products。On the other hand，The industry that has not been included in the national carbon market is still running in the pilot carbon market，Different pilot carbon markets are not uniform in quota allocation standards for the same industry，Then causes fairness and efficiency problems。

Third is the "information segmentation" caused by information asymmetry，That is the central government and local government、Information segmentation between the government and the enterprise。Bet365 lotto review Accurate and reliable data information is a lifeline that runs in an orderly manner in the carbon market。National carbon market is essentially a multi -level market，Existing the central government and local governments、Information asymmetry between the information between the government and the enterprise。On the one hand，Local governments are due to the protection of local enterprises，May use information asymmetry，Breaking through the national unified policy regulations，Generates to make the maximum local interests in accordance with the administrative boundary、The phenomenon of "competition" that reducing the strength of the control intensity，If setting more loose emission restrictions, etc.。and the central government is difficult to fully consider the differences in various regional and local special characteristics，It may not be able to effectively correct bias，thereby affecting the carbon market emission reduction effect and the enthusiasm of local participation。On the other hand，Enterprises know the carbon emissions information most，Have full information advantages，Then it will provide the corresponding data information based on your own interests。A group of corporate carbon emission report data exposed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in the early stage of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment made a false typical case for fake cases，The information segmentation problem caused by information asymmetry will cause greater risks to the standardized and orderly operation of the carbon market。

Fourth is the "regulatory segmentation" caused by incomplete regulatory systems，That is, the problem of weighing problems between the "simplified administration and decentralization" and the needs of multi -level carbon market supervision。The perfect carbon market supervision mechanism is the basis for the orderly operation of the carbon market。From the perspective of the country's "simplified administration and decentralization"，Should simplify regulatory agencies and regulatory processes，To regulate Bet365 lotto review the administrative process and reduce management costs。The coverage area of ​​the national carbon market is large、level more，Holocated management should be implemented in its actual operation，That is, the state determines the basic rules，Local is responsible for specific execution，At the same time, the central government gives a certain degree of policy flexibility，To increase its enthusiasm。But，The regulation at the local level is weaker、Questions with greater resistance。Local governments can only restrict the company at the carbon market level，Weaker overall binding force，Big resistance in actual work，Not conducive to the performance of carbon emission reduction effect。Therefore，How to balance the needs of "simplified administration and decentralization" and multi -level carbon market supervision，It will directly affect the orderly operation of the carbon market。

　　Effectively promote the construction of a unified carbon market in the country

Speed ​​up and efficient construction、Fair competition、The overall requirements of the fully open national unified market，and the goal of building the national carbon market with an international influence in the country，Combined with the progress of the construction of the national carbon market，I think，Accelerating the construction of a unified carbon market in the country can be advanced from the following aspects。

Question of "market segmentation"。First, develop a roadmap and timetable for the transition of the regional carbon market to the national carbon market as soon as possible。Open the gap between the national carbon market and the local pilot carbon market，Unified carbon price、Improve market liquidity、Improve carbon transaction efficiency，better play the role of the carbon pricing mechanism。Second, to introduce the interconnection solution for the voluntary carbon market and the mandatory carbon market as soon as possible，Establish and improve the long -term mechanism of the voluntary carbon market。Expansion of the national carbon market to eliminate CCER's ability，Optimize the CCER project structure，Forming government guidance、bet365 best casino games Market -oriented operation、Sustainable voluntary carbon market。

Questions on "Industry Segmentation"。First, the industry coverage of the carbon market gradually expands the carbon market。For petrochemical、Chemical、Building materials、Iron、Colored、papermaking、Aviation and other high energy consumption industries，Five types of products covered by CBAM，National carbon market is preferred to include steel、Cement and non -ferrous metal industry，So as to deal with external pressure，Fully improved the carbon market activity through market expansion，Effectively reduce the cost pressure of export companies。Second is to improve optimization、Strict pilot carbon market quota distribution standard。For industries that have not been included in the national carbon market but are still operating in the pilot carbon market，Strict quota allocation standard、Optimized allocation method，Combined with the global carbon market development trend，Gradually replace free allocation with auction、Gradually replace the historical law with the benchmark line method，to uniformly allocate standards，Improve the fairness and efficiency of the carbon market。

Questions on "information segmentation"。First, strengthen the central government's centralized supervision、Unified prediction and allocation of total amount、Unified Information Management，to solve the problem of information asymmetry between the central and local governments; at the same time，To make advantages to local governments through institutional design，Fully mobilize its enthusiasm，Break local protectionism to a certain extent，Improve the credibility of emission information。The second is to establish and improve the disclosure system of carbon emission information。Provide standardization、Mandatory corporate carbon emission information disclosure rules and models，It can effectively eliminate information asymmetry between government and enterprises，Promoting the orderly development of the carbon market。Third, select some of the conditional industries to establish carbon emissions data continuous online monitoring system (CEMS)。There are two mature statistical Bet365 lotto review methods in the carbon market emission data，That is the accounting algorithm and continuous online monitoring method。The national carbon market has initially established carbon emissions accounting、Report and verification system，But the continuous online monitoring system of carbon emissions has not yet been established。Continuous online monitoring can get carbon emissions in time，High data accuracy than the calculation algorithm，helps to avoid data fraud caused by information asymmetry。

Questions on "regulatory segmentation"。The first is to promote the "Interim Regulations on the Management of Carbon Emissions Transaction Management" as soon as possible。The carbon market is a compulsory emission reduction market driven by policy，Powerful laws and regulations are the prerequisite for its effective operation，Therefore、Program transparency、The authority of the law enforcement and the authority of the system，To improve the policy acceptance of incorporated into the enterprise，Enhance market credibility。Legislativeity at the national level is conducive to unified regulatory standards and procedures，Standardize law enforcement behavior，Reduce the right to discretion，Promote fairness and just。The second is to make full use of the carbon emissions registration registration system for the whole process、Comprehensive supervision。Current，The National Carbon Emissions Registration Registration System has settled in Wuhan，It should make full use of this system to regulate the transaction data，and disclose some registered registration system data to market participants and society，Strengthen social supervision。Third is to introduce majors in time、Independent third -party regulatory agency。Market regulatory agency is commissioned by the government，Supervision on trading activities in the first -level market auction and secondary markets，Publish an evaluation report regularly，To identify potential improper activities and violations。Ensure that the regulatory system is fully fair, and the bet365 best casino games authority is clear from the aspects of government supervision and social supervision，Help and promote market competition，Enhanced place、Enterprise and the public's confidence in the construction of the carbon market。

　(Author unit: Carbon emission rights trading provincial and ministerial co -construction collaborative innovation center; Hubei Institute of Economics Institute of Low Carbon Economics)