Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，The Party Central Committee attaches great importance to the development of the transportation industry，Make a strategic deployment of accelerating the construction of a powerful country for transportation。The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party proposed to accelerate the construction of a power of transportation、Perfect the comprehensive transportation channel、Comprehensive transportation hub and logistics network construction，Accelerate the network of rail transit of urban agglomeration and urban circle。As a labor force、The important carrier of capital and technology in space flow，Transportation infrastructure to promote economic growth，Especially for regional resource integration and coordinated development, it has a key role。In recent years，my country's high -speed rail construction has entered a rapid development stage，Total operating mileage in 2021 reached 40,000 kilometers，accounting for about 60%of the total mileage of the global high -speed rail，Farly leading other countries and regions。The construction of the high -speed rail network has significantly improved the accessibility between regions，Improving the flow efficiency of production factors such as labor and capital，Become a new driving force for the high -quality development of the regional economy。

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Different from other traffic infrastructure，The high -speed rail is mainly passenger，Therefore, the connection of the high -speed rail will not make non -labor production factors and commodity transportation costs significantly decrease。From theoretically,，The impact of high -speed rail on corporate income and cost is mainly reflected in two aspects。First，The high -speed rail connects the capital market of different cities、Commodity market and labor market，It improves the production efficiency of enterprises in the city by generating Bet365 lotto review agglomeration economic benefits; at the same time，Thanks to the space -time compression effect brought by the high -speed rail，Time cost reduction between cities，High -speed rail cities have improved market availability。2，The high -speed rail brings the entry of enterprises and labor，Land demand and price increase，Labor salary increases due to the rise in production efficiency and the increase in living costs。To maximize the profit，Enterprises will face the balance of benefits and cost increases。

Of course，The attractiveness of the high -speed rail to the enterprise will also be different due to the endowment of the industry and the city。On the one hand，From the perspective of the industry，High -tech Industry (such as software development、Biomedical) The investment in capital and high -skilled labor is greater than that of ordinary manufacturing，The degree of dependence on the land is lower; the contrary，Production activities of low -end manufacturing relying on construction plants and hire a large number of low -skilled labor。So，Technology -intensive and information -intensive industries will benefit more places from high -speed rail agglomeration economy。On the other hand，The main factor affecting the location of the enterprise，Land prices are affected by the elasticity of urban land supply。When the supply elasticity is small (such as geographical factors or restrictions on land use planning)，The increase in land demand caused by the influx of enterprises and labor will lead to a large increase in land prices，At this time, the dividends that gather economic benefits are mostly captured by real estate developers，Not conducive to the development of the enterprise; vice versa。For cities on the edge of the traffic network，The increase in market potential may not be able to offset the cost increase caused by rising land prices，So，Enterprises with a high degree of dependence on land，Avoid high -speed rail marginal cities with a limited increase in market potential when choosing sites。

The author's research on the registered data of industrial and commercial enterprises in 280 cities nationwide from 2000-2017，The opening of the high -speed rail has increased the total number of new Bet365 lotto review registered enterprises per 10,000 people in the city，But it will also lead to the exit of about 0.32 enterprises，The number of enterprises per 10,000 people is 1.44，Equivalent to 6.26%of the net incremental increase in urban enterprises in the same period。

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For labor，The high -speed rail brings traffic convenience、The rise in wages and housing costs。On the one hand，The high -speed rail can improve the livability of the city，Improve residents' living effects; and the high -speed rail can drive the increase in nominal wages by improving the production efficiency of the enterprise，Attract labor to move in。But on the other hand，The influx of labor force has pulled up housing demand，Rising housing prices，Increase in the cost of living will squeeze out some labor forces。To maximize the utility，Labor needs to be weighing between the above costs and benefits。From the perspective of labor skills differences，Highly skillful labor Pay more attention to the convenience of urban infrastructure，At the same time，The connection of high -speed rail can significantly improve the production efficiency of high -tech enterprises and the name wages of high -skilled labor，These are conducive to the high -tech energy labor to concentrate on high -speed rail cities。In addition，Urban housing supply elasticity will also affect the attractiveness of high -speed rail cities to labor groups。According to theoretical analysis，Cities with a large supply of elasticity，Labor inflowing scale、Slow salary growth、and the output growth rate faster。So，Low -skill labor with a small high -speed rail affected by the high -speed rail may avoid cities with less elastic housing supply when selecting the site。

The author's research based on the national college student employment survey data and the national mobile population dynamic monitoring data found out，The opening of the high -speed rail made the proportion of college students who employed urban employment significantly increased by 0.08 percentage points，It is equivalent to 11.76%of the employment ratio of new college students in the same period in the same period，But at the same time there is a certain extrusion effect on low -skilled labor。bet365 live casino games For cities of different levels，The high -speed rail has been significantly improved、The attraction of second -tier cities to college graduates，Some low -skilled labor forces are squeezed at the same time; and three、The labor employment structure of fourth -tier cities has not changed significantly with the opening of the high -speed rail。Special，Cities with greater elasticity in housing，The more attractive attractiveness of the opening of the high -speed rail to high -skilled labor，The smaller the squeezing effect of low -skilled labor at the same time; on the contrary，Cities with less elastic housing supply may face a significant rise in house prices after the high -speed rail is opened，This leads to some low -skilled labor force leave。

　　Help the industrial structure upgrade

The high -speed rail is not only convenient for people to travel、Detective and other non -business travel，At the same time, the time cost of business travel，significantly increased the population flow of the city。According to statistics from the China Railway Corporation，2019 high -speed rail passenger volume reached 2.29 billion people，62.6%of the national railway passenger volume，increased by about 6 times from 2010。The increase in passenger flow brings a lot of consumer demand，Therefore, it can promote industries in the region，Especially the development of the service industry。Another，The decline in traffic costs also helps investors develop markets and seek cross -regional cooperation opportunities，impact on the industrial structure of the city。

Depending on the different cities，The impact of high -speed rail on the industrial structure of each city may have a large difference，can be attributed to the following three types。First，Division of labor effect -The high -speed rail connecting cities develop industries according to comparative advantages，Growth through trade。In areas where the industrial structure is relatively backward, it can take advantage of its own comparative advantages to undertake some industries from other cities，Or further strengthen the development of the advantageous industries through knowledge overflow and technical exchanges。In this case，The high Bet365 lotto review -speed rail accelerates the division of labor and professionalization between regions，Make the two cities expand their leading industries，In the short term, the industrial structure develops to polarization。2，Convergence effect -connected to the high -speed rail network makes cities face greater factors and product markets，The market convergence faces between different cities increases increased。To compete for high -quality resources、Make full use of the market potential of high -speed rail to improve，City may choose a similar industrial structure。other，The high -speed rail has attracted more migrants through the convenience of people's travel，has brought new demand to the city; in order to meet this new part of the demand，New investment will appear on the supply side，Make the industrial structure of this city converge from the source of the sources of the foreign population。third，Learning Effects -City between cities to achieve collaborative development through communication information and mutual learning，Improve urban production efficiency。Under the background with economic growth as the main goal，More developed cities often become a role model for other cities。other，Enterprise itself can also communicate through technical personnel、On -site inspection、Patent reference and other methods to learn advanced production technology of other enterprises，Promote the improvement of the production technology of the enterprise and the optimization of the structure input structure，to promote the transformation and upgrade of the overall industry。

The author uses the study of panel data in 280 prefecture -level and above cities in China from 2005 to 2019，The opening of the high -speed rail has significantly promoted the improvement of urban industrial structure，Its influence is 3.75%-4.84%of the overall structure change。Analysis of heterogeneity，When the initial industrial structure between connected cities is different and the level of economic development is similar，The division of labor effect plays a leading role，Learn the division of industrial structure between cities; when there is both industrial structure differences and development Bet365 lotto review level differences between cities，Convergence effect is dominated，Promoting the similarity of the industrial structure; affected by the phenomenon of "structural deceleration" in the transition period，Cities with high level of industrial structure levels to cities with lower industrial structure levels are more obvious。

　　Scientific promotion of high -speed rail layout

First，When promoting innovation -driven development strategy，Economic laws that need to be fully considered and utilized by the "high -speed rail era" enterprise site selection decision -making，Improve government service quality，Provide supporting industrial policies，Stable market order，Enhance comprehensive environmental competitiveness。Special，in 3、In the case where the agglomeration effect of fourth -tier cities is weak，Local governments should support to create a good business environment with other policies，Attract the enterprise to enter。

2，Use the convenience brought by the high -speed rail network to strengthen the infrastructure supporting facilities within the region，Improve the living environment，Attract high -skilled talents，At the same time, taking into account the complementary labor skills，Promote the high -quality development of the city。Special，Small and medium cities should give full play to the local comparative advantage，ingenious production cost for high -speed rail core cities、A practical problem of relatively saturated ordinary talents，Based on differentiated and personalized construction of talent introduction and development system that meets the requirements of the high -speed rail era，Persist in introduction、Cultivation and service is paid to，Encourage and support places to accelerate the introduction of shortage talents。

third，Comprehensively evaluate the dynamic effect of enterprises promoted by high -speed rail under the open urban system and the dynamic effects of labor force distribution，Scientifically and effectively promotes the systemic high -speed rail layout and regional development strategy。Reasonably divide the scope of urban agglomerations that coordinate development，Use the structural differences and comparative advantages of the city，Promoting effective integration bet365 best casino games of resources in the urban agglomeration or urban circle、Optimize resource allocation and economic and social structure，Utilizing the strategy of industrial agglomeration and urban and rural coordination strategies to accelerate collaboration between cities，Realize the traction and promotion of high -speed rail construction in a larger scale。

　(Author Unit: School of Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics; Department of Construction Management of Tsinghua University)