The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was proposed,State-owned natural resource asset management and natural ecological supervision agencies must be established,Unified exercise of all land bet365 coupon code use control and ecological protection and restoration responsibilities。This is the first time that the concept of “land bet365 coupon code use control” appears in the report of the Party’s National Congress。In the institutional reform of the State Council in 2018,This responsibility was assigned to the newly formed Ministry of Natural Resources。May 2019,"Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Establishing a Territorial Spatial Planning System and Supervising its Implementation" (hereinafter referred to as "Several Opinions") pointed out,“Based on land and spatial planning,Implement use control for all land spatial zoning classifications... Develop a use control system based on local conditions,Leave bet365 coupon code for local management and innovation activities”。Visible,The party and the country attach great importance to the role of land bet365 coupon code use control in land bet365 coupon code governance。current,The control of land bet365 coupon code use is mainly based on policy documents,In the context of comprehensively promoting the rule of law,This system must be maintained for a long time、Stable and effective implementation,Legalization is an inevitable choice。
bet365 coupon code justice is a basic value
Justice is the basic value orientation and the highest value goal of law,In environmental law, it is mainly reflected in the harmony between human self-interest and natural environment protection、Equal enjoyment of environmental resource rights within and between generations。bet365 coupon code is not only the place where law exists and is realized,Can also be regarded as part of the legal content。In fact,There are many situations in my country’s current environmental legal system that use bet365 coupon code as legal content,Specific domain spaces defined based on the natural laws of ecosystems (such as national parks、Nature protected area),There is a river basin bet365 coupon code demarcated based on ecological and social systems (such as the Yangtze River、Yellow River)。If you try to understand spatial justice from the perspective of environmental law,More three-dimensional representations of justice,Aims to pursue the comprehensive effect of social bet365 coupon code and ecological justice,Its multiple attributes mean that people should not only grasp the responsibilities and obligations of different interest groups in the spatial interests from a social spatial perspective,We must also understand the relationship between humans and other life and even the entire nature from the perspective of ecological bet365 coupon code。The legalization of land and bet365 coupon code use control also belongs to the situation where bet365 coupon code is regarded as legal content,Just not limited to specific areas,But expand to the entire national bet365 coupon code。
Precisely because it is difficult for us to economically、Politics、Culture、Society、Ecological civilization and other single aspects to achieve the best control effect,It is difficult to separate natural spatial units and social spatial units,It is difficult to completely distinguish between upstream and downstream、Different industries such as left and right banks、Interests of industries and groups,The value concept of spatial justice occupies a core position among the many value goals of legalizing land and bet365 coupon code use control。The use control based on factors and departments in the past is obviously difficult to meet the requirements of the “five-in-one” overall layout in the new era,And regard spatial justice as the basic value of legalizing the control of land and bet365 coupon code use,It is conducive to the overall situation、Wholeness、Systematic thinking to implement land and bet365 coupon code use control,Through coordination、Reasonably allocate land and bet365 coupon code resources and the attached ecological resources、Comprehensive consideration of all factors, fair distribution of relevant benefits, etc. to achieve economy、Society、Coordination and unity of the three ecological benefits,Helps eliminate unfair resource allocation、Ecological damage、Unbalanced regional development and a series of contradictions and problems。
The rule of bet365 coupon code is an important means
On the whole,Achieving spatial justice depends on the modernization of land and bet365 coupon code governance,The latter is inseparable from the legalization of land and bet365 coupon code governance,The legalization of land and bet365 coupon code use control is an indispensable and important content of the legalization of land and bet365 coupon code governance。Although the control of land and bet365 coupon code use has not yet been unified、Definition of the concept of authority,But it can still be seen from a series of policy documents of the party and the country、Analyze and summarize the main subjects of land and bet365 coupon code use control、Object、range、Means, etc.。After the institutional reform of the State Council in 2018,The Ministry of Natural Resources is responsible for the unified exercise of the authority to control all land and bet365 coupon code uses。The control object is all natural resources in the entire region,Including land bet365 coupon code and sea bet365 coupon code,Covering cultivated land、Waters、Forest、Grassland、Wetland、Sea Islands、Mineral deposits、Various natural elements such as wasteland,It mainly targets construction activities and non-construction activities,The first category involves various development and construction,One category involves natural resource protection and management。Due to my country’s natural resource endowment、Differences in economic and cultural development,Use control adopts zoning classification,Not only includes the regulation of the use of natural resources,Also includes utilization intensity、Regulation of effects and their impact on the sustainable use of natural resources,It is all-round、Control of the whole process。
The current legal support for land bet365 coupon code use control is still insufficient,If you want to build a relevant legal system to ensure effective implementation,First of all, we need to seek the basis from the constitution as the fundamental law。Economic freedom in our country’s Constitution、Social Security、Property rights protection、National environmental obligations、Human rights protection and other regulations all reflect the various aspects that need to be considered in the control of land and bet365 coupon code uses。But,Constitutional norms are principled after all、Abstract characteristics,In practice, it is also necessary to legislate the relevant norms of the Constitution。"Several Opinions" clearly states that it is necessary to "study and formulate a land bet365 coupon code development and protection law",National spatial planning and use control are the core contents of national spatial development and protection,The corresponding legislation has also attracted much attention,In order to avoid overlapping and duplication of various systems for land and bet365 coupon code development and protection、Conflict with each other,Only more legislation in the field of land and bet365 coupon code governance、Cost of enforcement and compliance,It is necessary to adopt the legislative model of framework law in formulating the "Law on Land and bet365 coupon code Development and Protection",That is, the law only provides framework provisions for the specific legal systems it contains,The specific content involving relevant systems is authorized to be improved through administrative legislation。In terms of land and bet365 coupon code use control,Framework provisions can be made in a special chapter in the "Law on Land and bet365 coupon code Development and Protection",Re-formulate the "Regulations on the Control of Land and bet365 coupon code Usage" to make more operational and detailed regulations。And,Due to the large spatial scope of the country,Usage control involves complex matters,Not only needs to be protected by legislation at the national level,All regions also need to adopt local legislation to achieve differentiated control according to local conditions。
Taking multiple measures at the same time is an inevitable requirement
Land bet365 coupon code use control is a complex system engineering,Achieving spatial justice through its legalization is inseparable from corresponding supporting systems and measures,To form a joint force to ensure its effective implementation。From an entity level,First of all, land and bet365 coupon code planning should be improved。"Several Opinions" clarifies that land bet365 coupon code use control must be based on land bet365 coupon code planning。Territory spatial planning should take the assessment of resource and environmental carrying capacity and the assessment of adaptability of territorial bet365 coupon code development as the basis for spatial layout and pattern optimization,Nationwide、Province、The spatial planning of land and bet365 coupon code at different levels such as cities, counties and towns is strategically important、There should be different emphasis on coordination and implementation,Thus providing scientific basis for the effective implementation of land bet365 coupon code use control。Secondly, a sound ecological compensation system should be established。Land bet365 coupon code use control imposes corresponding restrictions on the extent of land development and utilization,Guaranteed sustainable use of land,Although to some extent it makes up for the shortcomings caused by the failure of the land resource allocation market,But it also means that the relevant areas may lose corresponding development rights。And,Divide the land bet365 coupon code into different functional areas,It will also lead to uneven distribution of land rent,But in actual operation, between regions、It is difficult for various market entities to independently form compensation coordination,Therefore, it is necessary to establish a government-led ecological protection compensation mechanism,Truely reflects the leading role of spatial justice in the control of land and bet365 coupon code uses,Increase the consciousness and enthusiasm of all people to protect natural resources and ecological bet365 coupon code。Finally, the land bet365 coupon code use control and supervision system should be improved。Based on land inspection、Environmental Protection Inspector、Marine inspection and other daily inspection and supervision work,Make full use of satellite remote sensing monitoring、Technologies such as big data and cloud computing, as well as the achievements of informationization and digitalization of the entire land and bet365 coupon code,Establish an integrated land bet365 coupon code use control monitoring and evaluation mechanism and a dynamic early warning mechanism,Realize the entire territory of national bet365 coupon code、All-factor dynamic supervision;We must comprehensively consider the bottom line of bet365 coupon code、Structural efficiency and bet365 coupon code quality,Establish a system that can fully reflect the quantity、Quality、Monitoring indicator system for territorial bet365 coupon code use control required by efficiency;We must keep an eye on key spaces such as the “Three Lines of Control”,Establish an annual plan for natural resources、bet365 coupon code access、Normalized evaluation mechanism for the effect of diversion and implementation licensing;Illegal activities in the development and utilization of land and bet365 coupon code must be promptly discovered and severely investigated,Strengthening the authority of land and bet365 coupon code use control。
From a program level,On the one hand,Positive and negative list for bet365 coupon code access、Construction Project Permit、Relevant information such as purpose transfer is disclosed in a timely manner,Guarantee the public’s right to know,Promote transparency in system implementation、Sunshine,Improve government credibility,While effectively protecting the public’s right to supervise,It can also provide behavioral guidance to the public。On the other hand,Demonstration meeting can be adopted、Hearings or other forms to strengthen public participation,Soliciting relevant units on matters related to the control of land and bet365 coupon code use、Expert and public opinions,In particular, it is necessary to maximize the public’s democratic participation in the regulation of land and bet365 coupon code uses involving public interests、Orderly participation,Enable relevant control measures to be fully understood by the public、Recognition and support。
(This article is a phased result bet365 coupon code National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on Legal Regulation of Biodiversity Conservation from a Holistic System View” (19ZDA162)
(The author is a professor at the Institute of Environmental Law, Wuhan University, a key liberal arts research base bet365 coupon code Ministry of Education、Director)
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