"Ask" and "Answer" is two behaviors that human society is accustomed to。Whether it is university or primary and secondary school，For classroom teaching，Dialogue with "questioning" and "answering" is the core method of teaching and the main behavior of teachers and students。To improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching dialogue，Need to make new thinking and interpretation of "question -answer"。

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Teaching as a special activity combining science and humanities，It is bound to contain the dual features of science and humanities。From a broad sense、General understanding，"Science" refers to natural science，To study the material structure of nature、Form、Nature and exercise rules for the purpose，Including physics、Biology、Chemistry and other disciplines; "humanities" refers to humanities and social sciences，Research the spirit of the person、Culture、Value and social phenomena for the purpose，Including literature、History、Philosophy and other disciplines。From the perspective of the subject field，"Questions" in classroom teaching questions can be roughly divided into two types: scientific problems and humanistic problems。The so -called scientific issue needs to use the research theory and research methods of natural science to answer questions，and humanistic issues need to use humanities and social science research theories and research methods to answer questions。

From the perspective of the theoretical test method, the difference between scientific problems and humanistic issues can be clearer。The theoretical test method of natural sciences is according to the metal conditions between the elements，It can form two ways of direction，One is the necessary test bet365 best casino games method，The other is a sufficient inspection method。More specifically，The necessary methods are "coherence" test，That is, according to whether the premise can logically derive related theories and conclusions，Then the prerequisite for guarantee、Solid consistency of arguments and conclusions。Full of ways are mainly three types of testing: first，Correspondence test，The theory is about to、Conclusion and real life、Comparison of experience，Determine the degree of compliance of the two before and after the two。Is that the theory can observe and reflect the reality。Second，Comprehensiveness test，reflected theory、The universality or coverage of the conclusion，Can it explain all the facts related to the research object。third，Parsimony test，is to explain the research object，The theoretical determined theory and any elements in its internal structural system are essential，If you delete a certain element, it will not affect the explanation limit of the theory for the research object，So this element is an irrelevant element。It can be said，Any kind of natural science theory should go through these three tests and confirm it by realistic experience。For the theory of humanities and social sciences，Obviously unable to use the above test method。

Comparison of two comparisons，Scientific issues of natural science -oriented scientific issues are pursuing a certainty、Simplified、Verified、Repeated answer，This kind of answers to the penetration of subjective emotions，To ensure the objectivity of the answer as much as possible、Truth; Humanities and humanistic issues guided by humanities and social sciences are pursuing a context、meaning、Interpreter Answer，This answer often contains certain social norms or subjective value judgments。Scientific issues are mainly related to the origin of things、Objective truth, etc.，and humanistic issues are mainly related to the value selection、bet365 live casino games Significance of the existence of things，The two are very different in the focus and answer method。

　Scientific answers and humanistic answers

In the classroom teaching of large primary and secondary schools in my country，Most of the questions are teachers，Question answers are mostly students。But some teachers have not carefully examined whether the problem mentioned in the classroom is scientific or humanistic.。Questions of different natures, please ask for answers to different natures，Once the dislocation is formed，It is impossible to form effective teaching dialogue。Any high -quality classroom teaching，It must be the process of continuous interaction between teachers and students。So，Teachers must not only understand the nature of the problem，Also fully grasp the angle of the student answering the question。Only accurately grasp what you ask and answer，can effectively promote and promote dialogue。

Professor Shi Zhongying described such a classroom fragment after the book "Knowledge Transformation and Education Reform"。A primary school Chinese teacher teaching "Little Painter" one time，Ask students a question: After winter snow，Little Deer、Chicken and other small animals have come out，Why didn't the frogs and snakes come out? A student responds: Because frogs and snakes have no hairy clothes，Afraid of staying at home。The teacher's answer to the students is very dissatisfied，and a little training。Then no students are willing to answer this question，The teacher had to answer it by himself: "I tell you，Frogs and snakes are cold -blooded animals，Need ‘hibernation’ in winter，So it is impossible to come out。This principle is to understand after you go to junior high school。"Obviously，The teacher’s question is from the perspective of the scientific world，I proposed a scientific problem (frog and snake in hibernation)，Student's answer is from the perspective of the humanistic world，bet365 live casino games Give a humanistic answer (frog and snake without clothes are afraid of cold, so they didn't come out)。Then form a contradiction and misalignment between the teacher's question and the answer of the student，In the end, you can only accept it with the teacher's self -question。Actually，Questions and answers are both specific situation restrictions and subject orientation。"Why didn't frogs and snakes come out?" This question is placed in scientific courses，The student's answer is obviously wrong，But in Chinese class，Students' answers are not wrong，It also added a lot of truthful childlike fun。Students are recognizing the world with self -centered，"No clothes" and "afraid of cold" not only anthropomorphize small animals，It also constructed a "co -in" relationship with a small animal in the same world with small animals。

Another example is "Snow melted into water", "Grandpa sent me a pen" and "Snow melted into spring", "Grandpa sent me a love" and other expressions，The former is a scientific or factual answer，Pointing to a scientific question; the latter is the quotation expression that integrates the emotion of the respondent，Pointing to humanistic problems。In a Chinese class，The two answers in the front and back are incompetent，But the effect of artistic accomplishment and expression is completely different。"A pen" is just an objective entity description，"One Love" has surpassed the entity，Is an inner emotional expression。In the scientific class, teachers asked students what "what did snow melt into"，The student answered "Snow melted into spring"，Obviously a bit 矫。The characteristic of scientific answers is accurate、Concrete、Objective、No muddy water、Non -personal，Humanistic answers are often implicit、restrained、Gongsheng、Personalization and other features。

Words，Scientific answers to responding to scientific questions，Humanistic answers responding to humanistic questions。Questions and Bet365 lotto review answers in classroom teaching must be carried out based on a specific subject context，There should be clear direction and a certain layout when asking questions，Then let students understand the specific request and answer the way of the problem。Only the consistency of the asking asks in advance，It is possible to achieve the integration of teachers and students，Teaching of fully and effective dialogue。

　Effective "Ask -Answers" and Disciplinary Thinking Cultivation

"Ask" and "Answer" is the core of teaching dialogue，Different "Questions -Answers" stimulate and cultivate students different discipline thinking methods。

First，Different issues, please ask different thinking。Answer scientific questions，Often need to mobilize people's rational thinking、Abstract thinking、Logical thinking、Empirical thinking, etc.。Among them, logical thinking is the most prominent，Analysis、Differential、Comparison、Reasoning and other means to connect the thinking content、group block，Form a clear context。If the problems mentioned in the mathematics course are basically scientific problems，Solving such problems often needs to resort to high abstraction capabilities、Accurate calculation ability、Good analysis and comprehensive ability and inductive interpretation ability。Compared with scientific problems，Answer humanity issues more need to mobilize people's image thinking、Imagination thinking、Performing thinking、Art thinking, etc.。Among them, the image thinking is in the core position，It focuses on the use of Lenovo、Imagination、Experience、Feel、Resonance, etc. to vividly describe or show the original form and connotation matrix of objective things。As "snow melted into spring"，First of all, rely on students' association and imagination，link "Snow" and "Spring", which looks unrelated; then rely on students' life feelings and experience to combine the two things，"Snow melting" means that winter has passed，Spring bet365 live casino games is naturally coming; finally to further refine your expression，Follow public cognition，The effect of resonating with others。

Next，Different thinking guides different answers。The way of thinking pointing to scientific issues is mainly abstract、Logic、Experimental Inquiry，Understanding and expression driven by this way of thinking，Focus on the problem itself，Direct point to its kernel、mechanism，Rigidity and meticulous on the other hand，Gives objective points to the question of the problem、Curry response。The way of thinking pointed to humanistic issues is mainly reflection、Experience、Value judgment。Answer questions in this way of thinking，Not only must I understand the problem itself，Also understand the understanding of the questioner's understanding of the problem，Only the questioner (often with self -understanding and value presets when asking questions) and the respondent reached the fusion of the vision、In the case of information symmetry，can form a good dialogue。Just look at the way of saying，The former is more objective、Clear、No emotional，The latter subjective、Immusion、Dive a certain value judgment。

Last，Scientific thinking and humanistic thinking are the relationship between blending and mutual benefit。Many disciplines have both scientific characteristics，There is also humanistic connotation，If you "build" a miniature simulation art museum in the handmade class，is the integration of science and humanities。Scientific thinking and humanistic thinking complement each other，Not separated。Teaching of Natural Science must be integrated into humanity to be better accepted、Learn，The teaching of humanities and social sciences must also be integrated into scientific to pass more professionally、Xi Gao。Large practice cases indicate，The scientific discoveries of many scientists originated from the initial Lenovo、Imagination，​​and artistic conception appreciation、bet365 best casino games Mission writing and other association、Imagination activities also need to use logical interpretation ideas and frameworks to achieve。

To sum up，Questions and answers from the dual perspective of science and humanities in classroom teaching，helps us better grasp the operating mechanism of effective dialogue，Then promote the better development of students' discipline thinking by improving the quality of questions and answers。

(Author Unit: School of Education and Science, Nanjing Normal University)