Develop rural education，Village teachers are the key。For a long time，Insufficient number of rural teachers、Quality is not high、Poor problems such as stability restricting the improvement of the quality of rural education。Create a love rural education、willing to teach rural schools、Consciously incorporated into the high -quality teacher team of rural society，Become a problem that needs to be solved urgently and a strategic task。

 

　The logical starting point of the construction of the rural teacher team

 

Under the background of new urbanization and rural revitalization，The problem of "weak rural" in compulsory education is still prominent，and gradually form a problem of "rural teacher profession attraction -weak quality of rural teachers -the quality of rural education is difficult to improve"。

 

Compulsory education "Village Weak"，Weak in Education Quality。The main contradictions of my country's education development in the new era have transformed into the contradiction between the people's growing high -quality education needs and imbalanced education development。Compulsory education "rural weak" features highlight，Education high -quality balance target has not been fully achieved。PISA2018 test results show，Gradiental gap between the quality gradient of urban and rural education in my country is still obvious，City is better than county and rural areas。There are also research on the foundation line data based on the China Education Tracking Survey (CEPS) baseline，From central urban area to remote rural areas，Students' recognition ability achievements present a clear "differential order pattern"，The weak quality of rural education has become the shortest board that restricts the high -quality development of compulsory education in my country。

 

Battered the quality of rural education，囿 The quality of the teacher team is not high。Teacher quality is a key factor affecting the quality of education，The quality of rural compulsory education is largely subject to the quality of the rural teacher team。For the overall test results of the professional level of grades 4-16 grades of primary schools in bet365 Play online games the fifth level of administrative region, display results show，There is a clear gap between the knowledge of teachers between five levels。Where，The highest score is the provincial capital teacher，Teacher's knowledge scores 78.95 points; the lowest is the village teacher，Teachers' knowledge score is only 38.54 points。Teacher quality is the core indicator of the quality of teachers，The difference in quality of teachers is an important factor that causes the quality differences in the quality of education between urban and rural areas。

 

Lack of high -quality teachers in rural schools，Full of weak professional attraction in rural teachers。Underestimate development of urban and rural development、Incorrect geographical conditions of traffic、Low occupational comprehensive treatment、Comprehensive impact of factors such as rural school posts and personal development planning and other factors，Insufficient professional attraction of rural teachers，There are difficulties for supplementing and retention of outstanding teachers of rural schools。On the one hand，When the teacher resources are allocated for the first time，It is difficult for rural schools to attract outstanding talents。On the other hand，The overall stability of the rural teacher team is poor，Outstanding loss of excellent teachers，and the main teachers of young and middle -aged。2018 Northeast Normal University China Rural Education Development Research Institute Research Team surveyed by 35 county teachers in 18 provinces in the country，71.56 % of rural teachers hope to leave the countryside to teach in urban schools，Only 20.75 % of county teachers are willing to teach at rural schools。Excellent teachers "、Can't keep it、Not good teaching "，Restricting the improvement of the quality of rural education。

 

　The real dilemma of the construction of the rural teacher team

 

In recent years，The party and the country attach great importance to the construction of rural teachers，With the support of a series of tilt policies，The overall appearance of the rural teacher team has undergone gratifying changes。But from the development goals of high -quality and balanced education and the realistic demands of high -quality educational services in rural people，The above survey data shows，The team of rural teachers is still a weak Bet365 lotto review link for the development of rural education，and present structural imbalance、Survival bottlenecks and development are blocked.。

 

Structural imbalance，Structural imbalance。Excellent teacher structure is the basis for the construction of high -quality rural teachers。In reality，The rural teacher team at the age structure、Education structure、Structural contradictions in the discipline structure。First, the age structure imbalance。Teachers 30 and below of rural teachers account for 26.03 %，But the retirement ratio of rural teachers in the next 5 years will reach 11.87 %。The phenomenon of the "central collapse" phenomenon of the rural teacher team appears，Some village Xiaohe Teaching Point teachers present a new feature of younger and aging coexistence。Second is the imbalance of the academic structure。Rural teachers have low academic qualifications for the first time，Primary school teachers' first degree is 45.36 % for college and above，junior high school teachers' first degree is undergraduate and above account for 31.90 %。Where，Graduation colleges are the key points of the province、The proportion of the province's general undergraduate and above is only 3.70 %、24.04 %，Non -teacher professional ratio reaches 23.20 %。Third is the imbalance of the discipline structure。Structural absence of rural schools，English、Science、Music、Sports and arts and other disciplines lacks，Rural teachers "teaching non -learning" phenomenon is more common，Teaching 2 Gate、3 and above discipline ratios are 73.60 %、49.39 %，The county is 45.54 %、23.20 %，Village Xiaohe Teachers Teacher Teach 3.5 Gate。，Some counties and cities have failed to compile the village Xiaohe Teaching Point in accordance with the national preparation standards，Only supplemented the substitute teacher，As a result of some village Xiaohe's teaching sites, there are even the situation of substitute teachers and the "five -five points" of the editor -in -chief。

 

Second，Survival bottleneck。Teachers' material guarantee and quality of life directly affect whether teachers can stay in rural schools with peace of mind。Survey shows，Tension of rural teachers live，69.61 % rural schools without weekly transfer，80 % of the rural school weekly Bet365 app download turnover conditions are poor，The conditions for the teacher's turnover house are yet to be improved。Rural teachers' work burden is heavier，Except for teaching，You need to take a certain non -teaching task。，Rural substitute teachers lower salary，The average monthly salary is only 1721.44 yuan，There is a large gap between the wages and income of the teacher in the editor。

 

Last，Development is blocked。The professional development of rural teachers is facing the dual problem of unsuitable training and difficulty in promotion of professional titles。First, the existing training form and content are misplaced with the actual needs of rural teachers' education and teaching。At present, the form of rural teachers participating in training is mainly school -based training、Network Training and Teacher Workshop，But the guidance and expert lectures recognized by rural teachers can only cover 47.47 % and 17.04 % of rural teachers。Existing training content is mainly education and teaching、Application of Teacher Education and Information Technology，But rural teachers think more important safety education、The coverage rate of psychological health education and training is less than 50 %。Some villages Xiaohe's instrumentation point of engineering contradictions，Scarce training opportunities。Second, the problem of difficulty in the promotion of rural teachers still exists，Senior job title positions are low。Survey shows，Middle and senior rural teachers are 37.87 %，Teachers in middle and senior counties and towns are 46.74 %，The difference is nearly 10 percentage points。Rural teachers will take 10.30 years from intermediate to senior titles，County teachers need an average of 9.68 years。At the same time，Due to the incomplete selection mechanism，There are still a certain number of rural teachers who do not have the professional development ability of teachers，Insufficient development of professional development。

 

　　Effective ways of the construction of rural teachers

 

High -quality teacher team is the key to cracking compulsory education "rural weakness"。According to the experience of developed countries and my country's local practice，can be cultivated from teachers、Filtering supplement、Start on job training and use management，Systems to bet365 Play online games crack the quality of rural teachers' team construction quality problems，Accelerate the modernization of rural education。

 

Structural imbalance，Improve the quality of pre -job training and post -job training，Lay the cornerstone for the construction of high -quality rural teachers。First is the high -quality source。Adopt employment refund or public expenditure training、Early admission and other methods，Attract the high -quality students to apply for teachers and colleges and teachers; encourage the teacher to adopt the method of secondary selection after entering the school，Outstanding students who are willing to go to rural schools from teach entering teachers' professional studies。The second is to cultivate comprehensiveization。Comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality and ability level of teachers，Internship management of strengthening training process，Encourage teachers to teach in rural schools、Trainee、Internship，Increase the rural experience，Improve the appropriateness of its teaching in rural schools。Third is the appropriate training。High -quality development of rural teachers training and guarantee training funds、Training content，Training content、The training method must be in line with the actual situation of rural education and teaching，Increase the training of rural young teachers，Realize the autonomous development of rural teachers; encourage rural young teachers to work to improve their education，It is recommended to set up the "Rural Teacher Master Program"，The admissions plan tilted to the central and western regions and rural areas。

 

Second，Optimize teacher supplement and screening selection mechanism，Build a "built canal" for the high -quality rural teacher team。First, supplement diversification。Create the "Special Post Plan" version 2.0，By ensuring comprehensive treatment of teachers in special posts，Reasonably determine the service period of the special post and introduce the relevant supporting policies after the service period expires，Select creativity and adapt to rural teaching、Educational feelings with profound educational feelings，Promoting the professional level of special post teachers。Increase the directional training intensity of teachers' supplementary difficult areas，Through bet365 Play online games "directional admissions、Direct training、Treating Employment "，Cultivate local high -quality students into high -quality localized teachers，Meet the characteristic needs of rural schools。The second is standard science。Improve the level of post academic qualifications，The results of learning at school at the same time、Education and teaching ability、Critical thinking、Organizational leadership ability、Creative、The spirit of the cooperation dedication and other comprehensive selection and extraction assessment content，Explore the implementation of "Interview Pre -initiative"，Putting the true love of rural education、Teachers with outstanding ability to screen out，Improve the selection mechanism of the rural teacher team。Third is the best treatment。Improve comprehensive treatment of rural teachers，Strengthening rural teachers' welfare protection，Improve the housing conditions of rural teachers，Life problems such as "husband and wife"，Attract and retain excellent rural teachers。

 

again，Innovation preparation、Communication and title management，Add vitality to the construction of high -quality rural teachers。The first is to prepare the scientificization of management。Establishing the stock stock，Optimized preparation structure，Tilled with the teacher team; set up a compilation of the real needs of rural schools，Preparation and equipping should take care of small schools in the countryside，Take into account the class teacher ratio、The workload of teachers and teachers;，Strengthening the phenomenon that government departments, especially the education administrative department occupied teachers。Second is the in -depth deepening of teachers。Promoting the two -way urban and rural teachers、In -depth communication，Exploring the system large rotation mode and school district system、Group system、Binding system、Local small rotation modes mainly dominated by custody control，Formulate subsidies for exchange teachers、Turnive dormitory and other incentive measures，Letting teachers exchanges really become an important means of balanced urban and rural teachers and improving the quality of rural teachers。Third is the rationalization of job title evaluation。bet365 Play online games Expansion of rural teachers' professional title evaluation opportunities，The proportion of the structure of the unified job、Index single column、Special position、Cancellation of quota and proportional restrictions to rural schools; Title evaluation and employment must pay attention to the educational performance and education contribution of rural teachers，"Not only exotic language results、Computer Level、Published papers、Honor Heroes "，Emphasize as soon as possible，Greed up the career development space of outstanding rural teachers。

 

(This article is the major project of the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Research Base "Basic Types and Model Construction Research Research" (18jjd880001)

 

(Author Unit: The Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Research Base Northeast Normal University China Rural Education Development Research Institute)