The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposes "protecting the legitimate rights and interests of women and children" and "Optimizing Population Development Strategy，Establishing two major tasks of fertility support policy system。Children's Friendship City/Community，referred to as CFC) construction is an effective way to achieve this goal。The first "Children's Friendship City and Children's Industry Development Seminar" in 2015 was held，It marks the official opening of my country's CFC construction。The key stage of exploring here，The construction experience of the international community can provide a certain reference for the creation of CFC in my country。

Questioning。Starting since the mid -20th century，Children's rights and living environment have gradually received wide attention。Double -promoting academic and practical circles，1959，The National Congress of the United Nations Conference released the Declaration of Children's Rights; in 1989, the Convention on Children's Rights (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention") was also passed by the UN General Assembly，Among them, it clearly stipulates that children under 18 years of age of each country enjoy the right to survive、Bet365 app download Development right、Four basic rights of participation and protection rights。Since then，196 countries have signed the Convention in succession，It marks that the international community has gradually regarded the children's group as a social citizen who enjoys equal rights, and is no longer a "low -waiting adult"。In order to implement the specific plan for building a livable city/community in the Convention，1996 UNICEF and the United Nations Human Residential Planning Department jointly launched the "Children's Friendship City Initiative" (hereinafter referred to as the "Initiative")。The Initiative integrates the children's rights mentioned in the Convention into the city policy、Regulations、Project and Budget Specific Plan。2002，The United Nations issued "A World Suitable for Children"，Clearly call on member states to build children's friendly communities and cities。2015，The UN sustainable development goal further promotes the "Initiative"。As of now，More than 1,300 cities in more than 30 countries around the world participated in the CFC creation movement and achieved significant results。

Research Progress。Looking at the existing literature，CFC related research mainly focuses on ensuring the four basic rights of children and improving their subjective happiness.。Academic Circle Model、Three dimensions of space physical environment and the humanities and Bet365 app download social environment interact with the two major themes。UNICEF advocates children's rights path framework (Child-Rights Based Approach，CRB) is the basis，Guide CFC creation。Although the construction models in different cultural backgrounds are different，But in general，CFC can be summarized as in the town and community，The main practical mode with "government -led -multiple subject collaboration"，By encouraging children to participate in public participation, it specifically reflect children's rights and needs，Finally build a healthy and safe living environment suitable for children。Children's physical and mental health and quality of life are directly affected by the physical space and the humanistic and social environment。Specifically，The physical space index system generally includes a clean water system in municipal construction、Sanitary Environment System、Green Energy System、Traffic safety system and spatial location system。The physical space of children's friendly space emphasizes children's walking accessibility and independent liquidity。Walking can be a bridge connecting children and friendly spaces，and green space and community public security provides security for children's independent liquidity。At the same time，The humanistic and social environment can be tolerated and friendly through the community、Community public participation、Bet365 lotto review Child protection、Educational results and education/entertainment resources walking can be reflected。Children's friendly humanistic and social environment Pay attention to the impact of children's public participation on their health and subjective happiness。In CFC creation，Given the right to children's public participation can not only help community developers to create a living environment that children really need，It is still effective measures to improve children's self -worth and social health。

Practice exploration。According to the CFC certification index，Specific practice internationally includes: first，Localization of policy。Countries according to actual needs，Inquiry CFC feasible path。For example，Finnish through creating a child -friendly pilot city，Finnish through creating a child -friendly pilot city，and form an effective promotion strategic planning based on this; Germany improves the awareness of children's rights by creating a CFC and think tank network platforms，Therefore, the development of children's rights nationwide。For example: the United States emphasizes the responsibilities of children's welfare policy in the "Social Security Law";，Coordinating multiple social support resources，Construction of a health environment for children。Second，Space creation exploration。The construction of space environment is based on the existing urban layout and local characteristics，bet365 live casino games Putting children's life、Learning、Entertainment and exercise elements are integrated into the construction of the children's community。For example，The American Denver creates a "Seeing Scenery" mode that attracts children，Government United Social Power，Maximize the use of the school's abandoned land，Safe in amusement space for children。third，Service coverage exploration。Space can reach and equal resources is the necessary condition for maximizing service coverage。For example，The "Walking Bus" in London, England and the "School Safety route" in Denver, USA。Fourth，Empowerment to advocate exploration。In practice, various countries adopt various ways to encourage children to participate in community decision -making。For example: The Edmonton community in Canada has set up the Youth Committee under the municipal leaders，The Youth Committee of the area directly connects with the Urban Council; Denver, the United States by letting primary school students draw the "community map" method，Understand children's cognition and demand for community planning，and form a community planning guide。

Brief comments。In the ideal CFC，Children can be respected and equal.，Have the right to express opinions，Enjoy basic service，Growing up in a safe environment，Share game entertainment with family and companions。In the actual exploration process，Development countries Bet365 app download focus on improving children's medical treatment、Nutrition and education and other basic rights and interests; CFCs of developed countries are more focused on children's participation in rights guarantee and CFC infrastructure and system system construction。

Based on the above review，CFC construction should be based on the local social and cultural environment，Treat children's rights as the main goal，Two -way creation model of "creating for children" and "creating the same child"。The former is from top to bottom，Lead by the local government system，Incorporate children's basic rights into the category of urban/community planning，It can create policy support for CFC construction; the latter is from bottom to the bottom，Union grassroots social forces to be empowerment for children，Including mobilization schools、Social Organization、Social Organization、Equity related parties such as children's care home，Provide convenient conditions to take the initiative to participate in community planning decisions for children。Two -way integration creation is an effective way to achieve CFC space and cultural integration，CFC creation has theoretical and practical value。

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