Since the second half of the 20th century，Project construction is in full swing worldwide，The related environment and social negative effects related to it gradually revealed。Starting in the 1970s，Western countries list engineering ethics as independent disciplines，Follow the professional ethics of engineers，Discuss the ethical difficulties and responsibility conflicts that engineers may encounter in engineering practice。but，The requirements for the professional ethics of engineers during this period are mainly limited to engineers' professional loyalty and integrity in the face of employers such as enterprises or government，and less consider social justice in actual engineering practice and activities。With the problem of non -righteousness of the project，How to coordinate complex social relationships in engineering activities、Solve the conflict of diversified interests around engineering good and evil，Decision -making problems faced by engineers，Engineering ethical education orientation from the paradigm change from loyalty to employer to public interests has also become needed for the times。

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Modern engineering activities often consume huge sums of money，Involved in an enterprise、The relevant interests of the government and the public，In addition to material interests，It also involves a game of politics and power，It is related to the people’s environmental rights and political demands。There are many engineering activities，Such as nuclear power plant and high -speed bet365 best casino games rail engineering project，The nature of public goods，It needs to spend huge sums，With the help of public resources and government organization management, it can be realized，Involved in different regions and basin，Need a large -scale social mobilization and personnel migration，Social applications after the project may still have an unpredictable environment and social consequences，Concentrated reflects the complexity of modern engineering activities，It also reflects the profound meaning of "public good" on behalf of the project activities。

One of the problems that should be faceding is，There is often huge tension between engineering ideals and engineering practice.，Unlimited distribution of income and risks and non -righteousness objectively exist in the process of engineering activities。​​Investor as an engineering project，Often resort to cost -tools for income rational analysis，Pursue engineering benefits to maximize，Ignore the environment and social consequences of engineering activities，And these negative consequences will be held accountable in the future，The difficulty is also very large。The government as the approval and regulatory agency of the government，The economic benefits that both care about engineering practice to local governments，It is also necessary to bear the environmental consequences of engineering construction and operations，In economic development and environmental protection、Between corporate income and public interests often live in dilemma。The public must enjoy the material interests and civilization and well -being of the construction of the project，It may also need to withstand the environmental pollution attached to the engineering、Ecological destruction Bet365 lotto review and health and safety risks，Disady groups as knowledge and power，In terms of engineering decision -making on people's livelihood welfare and safety，Often lack of discourse rights，Lack of relevant knowledge and experience，It is in inequality and non -righteous affordation in engineering risk distribution。

Projects of the project、Approval、Construction，often requires local governments to give a lot of policy support or tilt，Also affect the people's livelihood status or environmental ecology in the local area，Need to get public social identity or acceptance。In recent years，Many places to undertake PX projects，But stranded or relocated because of being resisted by the public，Explain that engineering activities are not simple technical activities，Instead of involving many interests、Social activities with complicated consequences，Engineering risk communication is poor、Unreasonable allocation will consume huge social costs，It will also cause fierce social conflicts，Threat social stability。Therefore，Focusing on and solving the conflict of diversified interest in engineering activities is an important issue for the justice of the project。

　　helps promote engineering justice

Core people in engineering practice and activities，Engineers have a pivotal position and role in promoting engineering scientific and technological progress and benefiting human beings。Because engineers are the most direct participants in engineering activities and practice、Constructioners and managers，Master the profound professional knowledge，Understand the specific links and social applications of engineering activities and products，It is a connected company、Government、Important agencies of the public，Undertake the important mission Bet365 lotto review of engineering risk communication and popular science propaganda，The rights and obligations of influencing engineering activities、Efficiency and fairness。

Engineering good and evil is the core issue of engineering ethics，Can the engineer be able to distinguish the engineering good and engineering evil、Promoting the good and suppressing project evil，It is an important issue for testing engineers' ethical decision -making capabilities。Ethical Code of Ethics in European and American countries all emphasizes "Engineers should put public security、Health and benefits are placed at the supreme position "。Professional light ethics in engineering education in my country，Engineering ethics education is imminent。

Engineers are the core subject of engineering responsibility，Modern engineering activity management cannot only consider post -after -responsibility，More future -oriented preventive responsibility。The significance of engineering ethical education is，Help engineering practitioners cultivate correct engineering values，Establish a sound project ethics view，Improve the ethical literacy and social responsibility of engineers，The key is to guide public interests，Promoting engineering social justice。There may be complex variables between the ideal vision of engineering design and the reality of engineering activities，Education through engineering ethics，Engineers can clearly identify engineering activities for the environment、The complex impact caused by society and the human，Timely discover and effectively solve the potential risks of engineering technology and products，Putting public interests in the priority position when facing a conflict between complicated and diverse interests，Coordinating employers with willingness and ability、Bet365 lotto review The relationship between diverse interests such as the government and the public，to avoid fierce conflict，Promoting consensus，Ensure social stability。

　Emphasize the priority of public interest

Engineering risk consequences come from the limitations of human cognitive ability、Limited knowledge、Battered subjective factors such as engineering risk awareness，It also comes from the complexity of engineering activities、Overlapping of engineering consequences、Objective factors such as heterogeneousness of engineering interests，The lack of professional ethics and social responsibility from engineers。In engineering activities，Enterprise and engineering managers often pay more attention to economic benefits and engineering efficiency，Contempt for engineering security and social impact。To ensure project safety，Promoting project justice，Need to vigorously promote engineering ethical education，Emphasize the priority of public interest。

The value orientation of engineering science and technology talents，The ability and level of the engineer to deal with engineering ethical problems，It is related to whether my country can truly realize the transformation from engineering education to the power of engineering education，It is also related to whether my country can participate more actively and effectively or lead the development of future development、Human health、Copy more favorable international engineering cooperation projects such as climate change。Engineering activities are related to ethics and morals，Off -related social justice，Require engineering ethics education to break through the foundation of the "project as a profession"，Ethical orientation that emphasizes the priority of public interest，Require bet365 live casino games engineers not only care about whether to "do the project"，Also care about whether "do a good project"，More attention projects are in the environment、Ecological、Social responsibility in sustainable development，Enhance the consciousness of occupational sensitivity to engineering social consequences and the responsibility of participating in the public decision -making of the engineering，Promoting costs in engineering activities、The distribution of risks and benefits is fair and social justice，Promote the establishment of a dialogue and negotiation system and compensation guarantee system for the establishment and improvement of engineering risk allocation。

Therefore，In engineering practice，Engineers should care about technical selection、Material arrangement、Quality Monitoring、Cost accounting and other technical decisions，It also needs to be included in more social science knowledge and humanistic care，Take the responsibility to think、Forecast、Social consequences that may be generated by evaluating engineering activities。Engineers should face up and expose the defects of engineering design，Possible prospects for comprehensive evaluation of engineering applications，Enterprises and the government actively provide relevant engineering construction decision -making consultation and suggestions，System prediction and forward -looking for engineering risk consequences，Risk warning and communication of various ways to the public。Enterprise economic benefits and engineering quality and safety、Performance Project and Minsheng Project、Between the positive efficiency of the project and the negative effects of the environment，Engineers should uphold the principle of priority of public bet365 Play online games interest，Engineering construction that promotes environmental friendly，Deliven to realize the good of engineering。

　(Author Unit: Department of Political and Law, Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National Academy of Administration)