With the development of the commodity economy，Dynamic changes in the social structure of the Ming and Qing dynasties，The consideration of the fate of individuals occupies an important part of the doctor's discourse。People hope to establish a clear connection between the good and evil of morality and the blessing of destiny。Originally a religious book that originally existed as an orthodox Confucianism，There are more and more quantities, regardless of the types and quantities，Production and dissemination、Reading and practical good book Wei Wei is a fashion。Japanese scholar Sakai Chungfu calls this phenomenon "good book movement"。In this historical context，The "Tai Shang Sentelling Article", which has always been known as the "Sophisticated Book" (hereinafter referred to as "Infension"), has appeared in a large number of interpretation texts。When people observe，Although "Sensing" "There is no inch of paper"，There are only 1274 words in the book，But "There are thousands of end"，so that "Note is the article，All hundreds of them "。According to the English translator of "Index" English translator Suzuki and Paul Carus (Paul Carus)，The version of "Index" may be more than the Bible or the version of Shakespeare's works。By carefully sorting out the relevant text spectrum, you can see，"Index" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties interpretation in the author、The historical characteristics of diversified historical characteristics in the text and purposes。　　

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In the Ming and Qing Dynasties "Shan Shu Movement"，The most surprising thing of "Index" is the huge number of interpretations。Although "Induction" appeared at the beginning of the bet365 Play online games Song Dynasty，Usually included in the ranks of Taoism Classics，Later, it was affected by the concept of Buddhist cycle，From simple "Dao Book" to "Book of Release"，But the good book carrying good and evil faith in theory is theoretically establishing direct contact between individual morality and real destiny，Effectively make up for the lack of orthodox Confucianism，Ideological issues that the Confucian elites of the Ming and Qing Dynasties have to face。Because of this，Sakai Zhongfu pointed out，"Induction" has become a kind of social status during the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Reading of economic conditions and religious forms。In the era of the conjunction of the three religions of Confucianism, the Taoism and Taoism，Different social classes、Local society and religious crowds，Participate in the interpretation of the "Index"，This shows a considerable diversified author group。

According to the statistics of existing information，The interpretation of the "Independent Article" of Ming and Qing Dynasties includes at least three types: one，Buddhist monks、Taoist Taoist and folk religious experts。such as，Lianchi (that is, Yunqi Honghong), which is ranked in the "Four Monks" in the late Ming Dynasty)。Mao Yuanyi "Lao Lao Zhai Miscellaneous" calls it "The profit and loss of the house" "induction chapter"。In terms of folk religious experts，The most famous is the founder of the Qing Dynasty "Liumen Jiao" (also known as "Huaixuan Road" or "Liumen") Liu Yan，Written two types of "Sensing Notes", "Three Bible Sentence Sentences, Sentences Solution"。His disciple Liu Hongdian recalled: "Since the weak crown, Mr. Tang, Mr. Tang (that is, Liu Yan)，Destiny reading "Sensing" "" Stealing Weiyu，Heng Yixi Teach People "，It can be seen in the "Liumen Jiao" internal，"Index" has become the basic enlightenment reading。Its two，Emperor as the rulers, officials at all levels and local gangsters。Existing research points bet365 live casino games out，In the early Qing Dynasty, the Emperor Shunzhi once awarded the "Sensing" "Impressions to Gifts the Minister"，Even translated into Manchu，Combined with the dynasty's holy preaching system，To promote local education。This approach gets a positive response from local officials at all levels at that time。such as，Yu Jueshi, who had been in Guangdong, wrote "Sensing Articles"，The author of the author in the process of reading "Index"，"Believe in hand" and "See you from the book" formed，The purpose is to promote social education in South China。Its three，Scientists and scientists as Confucian elites。such as，Fang Dongshu, a scientist Fang Dongshu, wrote "Sensing Articles"，The reason is "Night Simpling this book's intention、The name is very beautiful，Without any of the Taoist seeing the Taoist seeing the world。So take it as correct，Bud as a note "。The "Infointment Notes" by the scriptures Huidong is the most famous，Known as "Foot Six Classic Wings"，It was "worshiped as Gui" at the time。

　　Diversity of the interpretation text

Confucianism is essentially "gentleman's learning"，Its goal is to teach people how to live moral life。Books that persuade good to abstain from evil，The interpretation of "Induction" is greatly influenced by the interpretation of Confucianism in the text category。Genre (Genre)，The so -called "genre"，is an important concept of interpretation。In the history of Confucianism，There are many types of texts such as "dredging", "direct solution", and "unskilled"。to the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Confucian classic interpretation gradually mature and set，The interpretation of "Index" is also affected by this，Show the diversified characteristics of interpretation text。In the Republic of China Shoushi Hall, "Taishang Sensing Articles Speaking" concluded: "，Elaborate each other，Zhaotou later generations，No less than ten kinds。Ji Ji Note，New Note，New Note，Speaking bet365 Play online games straight，Ji Ji test，Said 缵，Compilation，Jian Jian Believe，Yueyu's golden lamp，It is countless。"obviously reflects the diversified characteristics of the interpretation of the" Infinement "。

Although the interpretation of the text of the "Index" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties used a variety of names，But in general, it can be divided into scriptures、Theory (direct)、Caption (like note)、Say (historical)、Poetry Story (Song Say)、Seal the saying (monument or book saying), etc.，Under each text class, you can also subdivide several or even dozens of more detailed names。such as，"Scripture" under this text category，It includes quotation、Confucianist、Kaoyuan、Yanyi、Rehabilitation、​​Classics、Scriptures、Scripture Test、Quotation of Scriptures、Introduction to the Scriptures、Scripture in the history of the history、Scripture in the history of the history、Scripture comments、Introduction to the scriptures、Economic Collection Territory and other more than ten species。Although the "Scripture Explanation" is mixed with a variety of interpretation texts，But still focus on "Scripture"。Ming and Qing Dynasties's diversification of the interpretation text，Even the interpretation text of some Confucian classics (such as the "Filial Sutra")。Behind the interpretation of the text，Different readers' groups preset by the author，If "Scripture" is obviously aimed at Confucian elite readers，"Picture Theory" is more set for "Pupil Woman"。Of course，Any single interpretation text may limit its circulation，Therefore, the interpretation of a variety of literary categories has become an important feature of the interpretation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties。This can partially explain the reason why the "Induction Chapter" is widely circulated。　　

　　Diversity of interpretation purpose

You can imagine，Ming and Qing Dynasties's interpretation of the author and interpretation of the author's diversity，bet365 best casino games In the end, it is reflected in the diversification of the interpretation purpose。The logical chain behind it is: different authors have different individual situations、Knowledge Structure、Ideological tendency and even religious position，Therefore, in the specific interpretation，Different authors set different readers' groups，Then use different interpretation texts。In terms of the purpose of the interpretation of the "Induction" Ming and Qing Dynasties，The most common main types are: first，Interpretation of prayer for the disease。such as，Huidong said in the "Preface" of "Infointment":，Don’t Xiao Dong Yin Yao Di Yao，Pray to God again，Poster notes for "Index"，To pray for mother's disease。"This kind of good and evil spirit has laid the foundation for the spread of" Induction "，Liu Yusong in the late Qing Dynasty called this book "Grenden's popular Yu Nei，Scholars' houses have a book "。2，Note for the imperial examination。such as，Huang Zuzheng's "Taishang Sentences Duo" "Ten Five Occupy and Seven Laws each"，choose Yuan Jifan、The Story of the imperial examination story of the imperial examinations of Zong Zong and others，The reason is that these people "do not have to live at the same time，Do not need to be the same，No need to have the same list，and the same name，The same is the same as the cause and effect of the ghost and god "。third，Note to promote education。Except the aforementioned Yu Jue Shi，Jia Tang in the same period is also a typical example。任 任 任，Deep "Sensing Articles" has important educational significance for the "husband and wife"，Sui "Select the Embroidery Statue"，Complete "Too Sensitive Article Map"，After the book, even the appendix "Dang Guan's Destiny Passing"，I hope "Qian Qian Shan will change，Xianzhi Mian "。

This can be seen，Doctor of the Ming and Qing Shi Note "Sensing Articles" itself has a very strong individual brand。but，As Bet365 lotto review Wang Fansen said: "Once the idea is generated，That is, it has its own life，Its later development is often unable to plan in advance。During the process of thought，There are many unexpected sections、Converted、Different。Or is misappropriated in the way that I never thought of it。"" In other words，The author's interpretation of the original purpose of "Index" is possible with the circulation of "Induction Chapter".。such as，Confucian Elite Interpretation of "Index"，Sometimes it is defending your own social status，Sometimes it is defending your own secular spiritual life。The reason lies in the establishment of the fate advocated and carried in the "Infinement"，It may be regarded as a motivation to encourage individual efforts，It may also be regarded as an interpretation of the current state。Understanding，Interpretation and faith in good books such as "Induction"，It may really be "good and good news，Evil has bad news "，Establish a corresponding relationship between morality, good and evil, and destiny，It is also possible that "good news，Evil without evil "，Even the more extreme "good news，Evil has good news "and other situations，After a long period of development，The actual results also affect the interpretation of "Induction"。Only this，The history of the "Good Book Movement" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is particularly complicated，It is not generalized。

Huang Junjie pointed out，Traditional classic interpretation is not only a cognitive process，It is also the process of experience，That is, the life course of the solving person will affect its classic cognition。Ming and Qing Dynasties "Independent" is widely interpreted and widely circulated，Not simply based on the functional purpose of "Shinto Education"，The interpreter behind it (many of them belong to the Confucian elite) individual experience is quite rich。Because bet365 best casino games of this，A fairly individualized good and evil belief，How to gradually form a fashion in the interpretation of good books，Upgrade becomes a collective behavior of the times，It is worth more detailed and in -depth research，instead of simply set the discourse mode of "science -superstition"。

　　(This article is the Fujian Provincial Social Science Planning Project (Youth Project) "Shanshu Culture and Family Traditional Research (1600-1949)" (FJ2016C179) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties)

(Author Unit: The School of Marxism, Fujian Normal University)