Actively prevent the negative effect of artificial intelligence
April 07, 2020 00:35 Source: "China Social Sciences" April 7, 2020 Total 1901 Author: Gong Nan

The rapid development and wide application of information technology,The specific technology and social construction and social and cultural forms of "smart society" and social and cultural forms。A new type of artificial intelligence -driven economic and social model is being spawned by the ubiquitous data and algorithms,At the same time, it also brought some legal and ethical issues。Internet、Big Data、Application of technologies such as artificial intelligence,Privacy protection brought by、false information、Algorithm discrimination、Network Security and other questions,Arrives widespread concern。

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  First, the subjectivity of artificial intelligence may lead to the dissolution of value attributes。People are regarded as a subject with irreplaceable value,Anyone who has been included in the group,Just within the scope of the subject specified in the law,You can get the subject rights for granted。But artificial intelligence obtains a unified rule because it cannot be included in a certain community,Therefore, it also makes it impossible to determine its subjectivity。With technical iteration,Due to the lack of the subjective foundation of intelligence itself,It cannot be used as an object that adjusts as any legal rules,The moral responsibility and legal responsibility foundation that leads to artificial intelligence cannot be determined。At the same time,Humans have not yet been replaced by artificial intelligence,But with the deepening of artificial intelligence intervention,Humans will be deeply trapped in the web web weaving。Humans under the technical space may produce alienation,This leads to the dissolution of the individual's value attribute of the original subject。

  Second, artificial intelligence may erode the basic structure of the original human society。The basic justice structure proposed by Rovers relies on a stable interactive structure,The ideal market needs to maintain sufficient freedom to ensure the competitiveness of the participants,The need for the continuous evolution of the self -concentrated order of the market to be satisfied。But if it is a highly centralized artificial intelligence system,will mainly use the data computing center to dominate all access elements,Dataist may constitute the ideology of "data giant machine"。Although social operational efficiency is improved,But "Data Giant Machine" once lacks restrictions and control,It may cause rupture between people and data,This may lead to invisible loss of personal freedom,"Chumen Effect" will also produce this。

  Third, artificial intelligence may bring a transformation of the basic value concept of human society and the concept of fairness and justice。The basic value of ethics assumption is the basis of modern legal legitimacy,and deepen with the degree of artificial intelligence intervention,More obvious attributes that can be calculated by individuals,The basic value of the original fairness and justice will begin to transform from abstract personality to specific digital personality,The original social value foundation of human beings is calculated and penetrated,The authority of the evaluation is transformed from abstract moral authority into specific artificial intelligence algorithms,This will shake the existing human social legal foundation。Because data exchange may become a new source of value creation,Therefore, personal data is easily actively absorbed and utilized,Weakening of personal data control and management has also led to new ethical conflict and moral paradox in social life,These all constitute an impact on the current mainstream social moral value system。

Due to the more powerful computing power of artificial bet365 best casino games intelligence and the continuous erosion of the existing social structure and value system,It may cause invasion of individual dignity and image、Edament of algorithm discrimination and the dissolution of its own subject value。How to regulate artificial intelligence、Cooperation of capital and power,Rebelling fair and just social structure and technical structure,Become an urgent problem。So,It should be based on the adjustment and embedding of scientific and technological ethics,Reform the traditional legal system,Start from the policy system based on social supervision as an important content,Establish a risk control mechanism based on social rationality and scientific rationality,To prevent the technical risk of artificial intelligence。

  Establish ethical standards to strengthen legal regulations

The law is gene containing justice genes,and design through an authoritative institutional system, reflect the inherent requirements of morality,While exerting its own value function to realize people's expectations for fairness and justice,​​Transforming human ethical appeals from any and mysterious fields into a rational kingdom that can grasp and expect。The righteous elements contained in technical reason are consistent with it,This value rational connotation provides the foundation for the harmonious and orderly picture between the builder and the technology。but,The internal technology cannot solve the dislocation of the existing technical logic and the ideological logic based on concept。For this,It is necessary to take preventive measures to respond to the negative effects caused by artificial intelligence,and guide it through the risk control mechanism and response system,To clarify the main attribute of artificial intelligence,Solve the fundamental conflict between it and the current law,Realize ethical specifications、Legal rules and policy regulations to build institutionality、Social governance system for rule of law。

  The first is to establish artificial intelligence ethical moral standards,embedded in the human moral norm system。Moral specifications as the pursuit of internalization value for specific purposes as specific fields,It can restrict the artificial intelligence system with many values ​​standards and specifications,When facing the risk of moral overload, it is subject to people -centered laws in value concepts。So,It should be clear that the norms and values ​​that need to be embedded and coordinated,Avoid the loss of moral ethics and the order of law。For this,It should be established by establishing a complete moral rules and legal specifications,Promoting technical ethics from hidden to explicit transformation,The main means include the basic rules applied to the coordination of the construction and compilation of artificial intelligence and human activities。The principle can be summarized as: 1. The principle of human interests,That is to protect people's rights and freedom,Strengthening privacy protection,Optimize human well -being and natural environment,Seeking scientific and technological progress and society、The maximum number of conventions of nature and harmonious development; 2. Principles of responsibility,Incorporate the application of artificial intelligence into the scope of supervision,By clarifying the main responsibility,Identification、​​Prevention and reducing negative effects; 3. Proportion principle,Set a reasonable threshold,It is necessary to prevent moral overload that is higher than the upper limit of the threshold,It is also necessary to seek a reasonable proportion principle for the insufficient moral burden lower than the threshold and the legal regulations when the threshold is too low; 4. The principle of justice,Embeds the ethical principles of society into an artificial intelligence system,Make sure the algorithm is transparent to avoid algorithm discrimination,A fair and reasonable allocation of technical rights in social scope。During the design stage of artificial intelligence value weight weight,The value system shared by related groups should be given priority,Technically to meet the possibility of changes in different spaces and time value and specifications,Ensure that the ethical value of artificial intelligence design is unified with the norms of human beings。

  Second is to strengthen legal regulations for artificial intelligence.Under the premise that artificial intelligence in the legal field does not have the subject qualification,System design through the characteristics of artificial intelligence centered on artificial intelligence,Take justice as a ruler for measuring the fairness and fairness of the algorithm,The transparency of the dimension of the dimension of the law of artificial intelligence、Explanable,Match the system that optimizes the function and values ​​of the resource optimization configuration。As far as the overall construction of legal rules,We can build the principle of attribution under the premise of weakening the complicated ethical dilemma,System consideration to consider the responsible subject determination、Multi -subject responsibility sharing ratio、Many elements of cause and effect identification,In legislation、Judicial referee and legal effect evaluation section embedded ethical consideration factors,Then the specific moral considerations are converted into legal principles that can be implemented and even legal rules。

  Third is to strengthen institutional innovation and policy guidelines.Artificial intelligence is applied to social governance、While improving the effectiveness of public services,It may also lead to "technical gap" to generate "technical gaps" between relevant management departments and society。Unreasonable decisions caused by algorithm discrimination,and different degrees of not coming to different degrees of artificial intelligence development、Analysis、Examination and supervision ability,It makes the high -speed development of technology easily produce an overflow effect,Damaged by the interests of society and citizens。For this,In -depth cooperation between different subjects in different links in different links,Establish a scientific evaluation and ethical correction mechanism。We should start from the aspects of building a supporting management mechanism,The concept of social governance、Technical ability、Action process, etc. to innovate the theory and system,Make overall、Strategic deployment of global nature,Formulate policies and laws to strengthen industrial promotion and supervision,Learning technological innovation into the method of legal value of "planning rationality",Gradually strengthen the value intervention and control of people in the discovery of value。

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,Some moral paradox、Ethical contradictions and judicial difficulties continue to emerge,Challenges to the existing ethical standards and legal system。Scientific and technological development and social progress are pursuing efficiency while pursuing efficiency,Should take care of fairness and justice,Through legislation and other methods,Clarifying the relevant legal responsibility system of artificial intelligence、Clarify data information protection and privacy protection、Strengthening intellectual property protection involving artificial intelligence development,Establish a full process legislative supervision system。Only attach importance to the rule of law to control risks,Social specification regulatory system supplemented by ethics,and through the restriction mechanism、The prohibition mechanism and the development of the punishment mechanism to the development of artificial intelligence、Use and spread to regulate,Only to truly make the light of the wisdom and ethical human nature of science and technology、The rational light of the legal system is reflected Bet365 app download in the intelligent era。

  (This article is China -Shanghai Cooperation Organization International Judicial Exchange and Cooperation Training Base Research Fund Project (19SHJD017)、Heilongjiang University Study Special Project (DEY1804) staged results)

(Author unit: Heilongjiang University Russian Language Literature and Cultural Research Center、Law School)

Editor in charge: Zhang Jing
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