New challenges to regulate audiovisual content
June 02, 2020 09:03 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences" June 220, 2020th, No. 1938 Author: Cao Ran

With the popularity of 5G technology,Virtual Reality (Virtual Reality,VR)、Augmented Reality,AR) are applied to audiovisual content will have a broader prospect。VR、immersion of AR technology、Autonomy and interaction characteristics,enriched the form of communication、Improving the user experience,Revolutionary changes in the presentation and receiving form of traditional audiovisual content brings revolutionary changes,But there is also physical and mental health、Personal Privacy、Public safety and other risks,And the existing regulation system is difficult to perform effective response。For this,Regulatory behavior、The regulatory system must be under the leadership of the clear value principle,Combine accurate understanding of technical characteristics,Really serving public interests,Form self -consistent、Stable specification system。How to ensure VR、AR and other new technologies development of the audiovisual industry,Meet people's needs for high -quality audiovisual content,At the same time, it can safeguard public interests such as privacy and data rights,Pursuit of value and fairness of efficiency and fairness,Test the wisdom of decision makers。

Current,VR、AR and other new technologies have gradually been applied to all fields of society,Especially the latest practice and potential effects in the media field have received the attention and discussion of academic circles at home and abroad。One,Use VR、AR technology has certain security and privacy risks,These risks come from Eye Tracking Technology、Machine learning bet365 best casino games technology,also from extortion from the social media platform、Virtual interaction behaviors such as harassment and sexual assault。Network hackers can via vr、AR's technical vulnerability seduces users to hit the wall,Or the physical space of the user through the invasion of the tracking sensor。The possibility of manufacturing "gas lamp effects" through VR technology has also been empirical inspection,Causes users to "lose control and crazy"。Its two,VR、AR technology eliminates prejudice、Beautiful wishes to promote understanding may also be contrary to wishes。Early first,Developers are looking forward to vr、AR technology allows people to experience the experience of others virtually to eliminate race or gender prejudice,But this also means that it may enhance negative stereotypes。From the perspective of narrative,Compared to text, you can easily compete with each other、Apocalypse view,The narrative experience under VR technology usually focuses on presenting a specific point of view,It is difficult to play the effect of "both listening to"。Its three,VR、AR technology has a challenge for propositions such as "news authenticity", "media trust" and "public opinion orientation"。Some research questioning whether the on -site experience of VR news is more helpful to realize the objective of the news、Justice,Point out that there are more artificial construction behind it,Have greater manipulation and deception for the audience。But there are also empirical research proof,The important difference between the sense of presence and media trust between VR news and 2D video news is not significant。

Ether VR、Audiovisual content regulation under the technical conditions of AR should combine its potential negative effects、Technical features,Make necessary adjustments Bet365 lotto review and corrections to the existing system,Requirements to adapt to the new situation。VR、The characteristics of AR technology mainly include immersion、Autonomy and interaction,These characteristics correspond to different regulation requirements。On the one hand,High reduction、The immersion of the on -site experience as a characteristic makes the content of the same theme on the user a greater influence,The necessity of adjusting content standards is also increasingly prominent,At the same time, you should also consider limiting the opportunity to contact specific scenes in "sensitive people"。On the other hand,VR、autonomy of technology、Interactivity makes users' behavior in virtual space more likely to leak the privacy of real life,This causes privacy protection、Questions on data rights,It is necessary to consider how to balance the real tendency in VR completely and the general infringement risk of personal privacy,How to use VR for users、The data generated during AR、Analysis and use of behaviors。

We can refine VR、The three core issues to be solved under the regulation of audiovisual content under the technical conditions of AR,is the content of content standard、Privacy protection issues and data rights issues。

First is the content of the content standard,Specific content standard、Content classification and content review。One,At present, my country has formed a clearer content standard for online audiovisual content。For example,According to the "Regulations on the Management of Internet Audiovisual Program Service",Video uploaded by online users If contains 10 standards such as "Violation of the Constitution and Law", "Create Rumors and Defamination", "Promoting Protective Porn",then delete and process。These 10 standards need to be discussed in bet365 live casino games the future in VR、Is it still applicable under the technical conditions of AR,and how to adjust the question。Its two,In many countries and regions, there are traditional audiovisual content、The more mature content grading system of online audiovisual content,To improve the quality of audiovisual content、Promoting the development of the audio content industry、Protecting the physical and mental health of minors has a certain effect。You can explore this aspect in the future。Its three,On the question of content review,"Internet Audiovisual Review Public" clearly clarifies the two principles of content review "first review and then broadcast" and "review in place",It stipulates a series of professional quality that "auditors" must fully fulfill their duties。But for VR、Massive content generated under the technical conditions of AR,Is it possible to be sent to the machine、Algorithm for work? Once a handling error or a decision -making dispute,Is there an effective way of relief? These are worth further discussions。

Followed by privacy protection。People contact vr、AR visual content is not passively watching,Instead of actively interacting in a virtual environment created by technology,Thus greatly increased the possibility of leaking real life privacy information,Including geographical information、Living environment information、Biometric feature information (including iris、Fingerprint), etc.。It is necessary to clarify the type of privacy information、Based on the border,Formation of legal specifications、Establish an industry self -discipline agency and take technical means to explore the way to protect privacy information。For example,What kind of information stipulated in the law can be collected and used、In which method of collecting and using bet365 live casino games information; independent institutions such as the establishment of an institutional review committee (IRB) conduct regular review of the privacy policy of the enterprise;,Including amplifying geographical positioning areas,Or "anonymous" to make the conclusion of overall data analysis cannot be accurately corresponding to individuals。

Finally is a problem with data rights。EU's "General Data Protection Regulations" has a certain reference meaning,It stipulates the principles of seven processing personal data such as "legitimate fairness and transparency", "purpose limit", "data minimization",through data collection、Each link of storage and use。where,The most important principle of personal data processing is "legitimacy",The most important basis for "legitimacy" is the user's "consent"。in VR、Privacy Policy everywhere in AR audiovisual practice、User Agreement, etc., all reflect the requirements of the principle of consent,Data subjects through written statements or clear affirmative actions,Represents agreed to process your personal data。but,VR relative to the three -dimensional space、AR audiovisual practice,Read the two -dimensional、Breaking privacy policy、The protocol file itself,and the rules of user access if you do not agree,All make users' "consent" behavior with great passiveness、Random,So check in the web dialog box、Confirmation,A considerable degree of weakening or even destroying the effectiveness of "consent"。From promoting VR、From the perspective of the development of the AR industry,The follow -up processing behavior that is not agreed by the data subject is restricted by the principle of "purpose limit",More restricted data flow through freely、Fully share the maximum implementation of the value created。Therefore,bet365 live casino games On the issue of data rights,Still need to consider how to balance the contradiction between citizen rights and industrial development。

I reviewed VR、AR technical conditions The content standards faced by the audio content regulation、Based on core issues such as privacy protection and data rights,To make new regulation activities more comprehensive、Systemic,Construct a set of VR、Audiovisual content regulation system under the technical conditions of AR is imperative。in VR、Production of AR visual content products、Circulation and consumption in the main links in the "life cycle",Perform targeted increases or decreases on existing standardized files、Correction and combing,It is the path that can continue to explore in the future。One,Content creation、The main regulations corresponding to the content production link,The relationship between the power and responsibility of the computer system software presented in the form of VR works and the copyright of film and television works。The purpose of this kind of regulation is to promote a large number of、High -quality、Production of audiovisual content that embodies cultural diversity。Its two,The main regulations corresponding to the content circulation link involve the protection and restrictions of relevant rights in the process of communication。The purpose of this kind of regulation is to ensure VR、Access for visual content of AR,Communication for all transmission platforms or mediums with non -obstacle -free circulation,Meeting people's audiovisual content consumption needs。Its three,Main regulations corresponding to the content consumption link,It mainly involves content standards and privacy protection,Damage caused by content consumption、Disoplays to determine。The main purpose of this kind of regulation is to ensure Bet365 app download or restrict consumers to obtain specific content products,Maintenance of its right to be consumers or citizens。

Commercial use with 5G technology,VR、AR technology is expected to usher in new development。For VR、The development and changes of AR technology are adjusted to the regulation of audiovisual content,Actively stipulate or prohibit specific behavior and even shape the overall industry preferences and orientation,Not only is it timely,It is also necessary。This will become a solid guarantee for citizen rights,It will also escort the healthy development of the market in the future。

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(Author Unit: School of Media of Suzhou University)

Editor in charge: Zhang Jing
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