For a long time，Human beings have been taking dietary selection、Measures such as physical exercise and adjustment of schedule to prevent diseases to prevent disease、Keep healthy。The development of modern medicine has given people a deeper understanding of the causality of some diseases，So as to take measures in advance to prevent the occurrence of diseases，Intervention that takes measures to prevent diseases from occurring in the disease is called preventive medical intervention。But，Prevention medicine is a field that does not have a complementary discipline in medicine，The discipline that is not corresponding to it is "healing medicine"。"Prevention Medicine" is difficult to have a recognized definition，But people still try to explain or even define it。For example，John Paul thinks，Prevention medicine is "In order to prevent a healthy person from getting sick，or the effort to prevent a patient from deteriorating "; E. Aileen Clarke believes，"Definition of the World Health Organization，For most people，Health is no disease。The real goal of preventing medicine is to achieve this kind of disease -free "。Obviously，Active intervention that is designed to "guard" health may be considered as preventive medical intervention。

With the development of modern science，Prevention of medicine will form bet365 live casino games a "knowledge base" for human diseases，The decoding of human genome and the rapid development of artificial intelligence，The "knowledge base" of human diseases will expand quickly。Then，Human prevention of potential diseases is no longer limited to traditional vaccination，Genomic -oriented prevention medicine may provide richer、Accurate、Effective intervention。

Current，Commercial companies that have provided "personal genome health risk information" and "family history assessment of common diseases" in some Western countries。Usually，Provide "Personal Genome Health Risk Information", also known as "gene consultation"，"Help people understand and adapt to medicine、Psychological and Family aspect，The impact process of genes on the disease "。Family History Evaluation "is usually described as the cutting edge of gene medicine，It can identify the risk of individuals suffering from common family diseases，For example, cardiovascular disease、Cancer、II-type diabetes and mental illness "。As Julianne M. O’daniel said，"Under the framework of appropriate clinical information and risk communication，Genome evaluation can be used for preemptive and preventive measures，Including changing lifestyle、Health screening、Test and appropriate early treatment。So，Genai -oriented prevention medicine，From personal -related perspective，It provides great potential for the health and medical care of the people that promote extensive and diverse people "。

Bet365 app download Compared with gene consulting and family history evaluation，It is controversial that the preimplantic diagnosis technology (Preimplantic Diagnosis) and gene editing technology。Gene diagnostic technology before embryonic implantation can generate genetic testing of human embryos in the test tube，Discover serious genetic defects; gene editing technology can modify these serious genetic defects。Gene diagnostic technology and gene editing technology pre -implantation of embryonic implantation are constrained by law and ethics in some countries and cultures，Although they provide some different possibilities for preventing medicine，But we should treat it carefully。

Prevention medicine as part of public medicine，Has an important position in modern society。At the same time，The development of science and technology provides great potential for preventing medicine，This is undoubtedly a temptation。But，Prevention of medical intervention is an enhanced or enhancement of the immune system in a sense，Leading some enhanced intervention for the immune system may be suspected of human enhancement。In addition，Prevention of medicine and human enhancement in motivation、means、Concept and metaphysics are closely related，This makes us be vigilant about humans in the name of preventing medicine。

First，People yearn for a better life，and the limitations of diseases and organisms often become "block tigers" to a better life。Although modern medicine can conduct effective intervention on many diseases，Bet365 app download But people even want these diseases to "never happen"。Prevention medicine is to reduce or even avoid diseases，To improve the quality of human life。In fact，Many diseases of humans are related to the limitations of organisms，For example, those diseases that are inevitable with age。Some advocates enhanced human enhancement hopes to cure those with age -related diseases，Makes humans enjoying time longer、Life with higher quality，This claim is called "Lifespan Extension" in human enhancement。So，At least in seeking human well -being，Human enhancement may be consistent with the demands of preventing medicine。

Second，The development of modern science and technology not only promotes the progress of prevention of medicine，It also provides technology possibilities for human enhancement。Take gene science as an example，Genome risk detection and overall genome analysis will provide richer prevention medicine、More accurate and more effective intervention。But，The results of gene science may also be used for human enhancement: scientists have confirmed that modifying genes can enhance the memory of rats and mice，Increasing the number of brain growth factor and signal transduction protein glandulne enzyme can improve memory，so as。

other，Prevention of medicine and human enhancement not only sharing motivation and technology means，and share such as health、Disease、Core concepts such as normal function and happiness。In the definition of preventing medicine and human enhancement，bet365 live casino games Health、Disease、Concepts such as normal function and happiness are at the core，But，People in different periods of disease、Health、Different understanding and expectations of normal function and happiness。Take health as an example，Joseph Stokes and others from anatomy、functionality、The dimension of adaptability and subjective value believes，Health is "a state characterized by anatomical integrity; families that have the ability to fulfill their personal attention、Working and group roles; the ability to deal with physiology、Bio and social pressure; have a sense of happiness; there is no risk of disease and premature death "。Obviously，When the connotation of "health" includes not only biological aspects，Also includes human social identity、The ability of happiness and stress，will become more and more unstable、Unclear，Because of these aspects of strong subjectivity and relativity。So，When people have high expectations for "health", "normal function" and "happiness"，A certain intervention may claim to be preventing medicine;，This intervention may be accused of enhancement for humans。

Although preventing medicine and human enhancement in motivation、Causes and concepts，But there is an important difference between the two。After World War II，Prevention of medicine has become part of public medicine in many countries。This means，When a scientist obtained effective prevention measures on a disease，In related environments，Almost everyone enjoys the benefits brought by bet365 Play online games this technology。For example, in our country，People can easily get a target for smallpox、tetanus、Bayeke cough、Puzzle Puzzle、Hepatitis B、Vaccine of viruses such as measles，Some are even free。So，Prevention medicine will at least exacerbate the unfairness between different individuals in related environments。but but，Human enhancement may be scarce resources，Only a few individuals can enjoy the benefits it brings。For example，Some new research discoveries in recent years，Strychnine、Nutrient、Piracetam Family and Consolidation Enhancers and other drugs help long -term memory，Then it provides possible cognitive enhancement。But，Not everyone in the relevant environment can get these drugs: on the one hand，Many people do not know this information; on the other hand，These high -tech drugs are often expensive，Not everyone can afford it。

John Bordley Rawls thinks，Justice should allow all citizens to enjoy equal freedom，and ensure that inequality is good for everyone。Human enhancement often exacerbates unfairness to others in the relevant environment，Therefore, it violates the principle of justice。So，Differentiated to prevent medicine and humans enhance a operating standard is，Whether it exacerbates the unfairness between different individuals in the relevant environment。Under the background of the era of science and technology and diversified value pursuit，We should be vigilant about human enhancement in the name of preventing medicine。

　bet365 Play online games

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Social Development at Northwest University of Political Science and Law)