In some studies,，Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence，AI) The ultimate goal of research，It is considered to be a system that creates or surpass human intelligence levels。Many researchers have questioned this goal，They point out，The increase in computing power may not allow artificial intelligence to have human intelligence。Professor Liu Wei thinks，Interactive interaction in the social environment is important to the formation of intelligence -like intelligence。Artificial Life，al)，Also known as "Digital Life"，It is a branch of artificial intelligence，Mainly use the multi -intelligent system system to simulate the evolution and interaction process of nature，Many classification modules in the system can simulate certain interactive processes。Research on artificial intelligence is difficult to leave artificial life，Artificial life may be a optional path that connects to the intelligent level of human beings。

　　bet365 Play online games

Many artificial intelligence studies want to create a machine or system that can simulate the brain in a way that can be regarded as intelligent。But，What is intelligent? 1928，R. P. Carroll defines intelligence as "the ability to observe things in various relationships of things，Think in a complex and coordinated manner，to generate a comprehensive，Bet365 app download More or less unified reactions "。In the book "Eternal Physics" published in 1987，The author Frank Tipler suspects whether the world is true，It is believed that our universe may be similar to a super computer simulation scene，Just like the movie "Matrix"。In a similar background，Modern computer games can create a virtual world，You can communicate between characters。So，Is there such a possibility，We provide a key social environment，Let the characters in the game try to create their own artificial intelligence，Creating an simulation intelligence?

In the past 40 years，Artificial intelligence research is less concerned about such problems，and more committed to solving specific problems in specific fields。Very true，This method creates many complex and efficient computing systems，But many people think that this is only an efficient machine，but it cannot be called real intelligence。Smart is a kind of growth attribute，instead of designed。Someone pointed out，Smart architecture may be difficult to define，This is important for top -down methods。So，A new trend of artificial intelligence research，Multi -intelligent body system，Optimization of ant colony，Allow intelligent growth，and adaptive learning algorithm, etc.。

1986，C. G. Langton using the concept of cell automatic machine，Explain that the subject is in the virtual real world，Being able to act in a similar way of life。This research field is called artificial life，It is generally considered a branch of artificial intelligence，and biology、bet365 best casino games Ecological and other disciplines cross。Artificial life -based method，Use multiple subjects to simulate the life process，Phenomenon in daily worlds。In this virtual world，The subject interacts with a certain set of artificial chemicals，To maintain your "life"。Artificial life can provide social background for the emergence of intelligence。Another field of artificial life is synthetic biology，The purpose is to create a form of biological life，Generally referred to as "soft artificial life" (Soft Al)，new life forms created through the computer medium，is an artificial system with natural life characteristics or behavior。

　　Become an experimental tool

In the past 30 years，Independent research on artificial intelligence and artificial life a lot，But few people pay attention to the issue of cultivating artificial life from artificial intelligence。Different from top -down research on artificial intelligence，L. Steels thinks，The study of artificial life is "from bottom to top of artificial intelligence" and "behavioral intelligence -based artificial intelligence"，Solid subject or organic body may produce new behaviors，He calls the emergency behavior。We can use some breakthrough technologies and algorithms that have been obtained in the field of artificial intelligence，Study on helping artificial life。

The bottom method is a major achievement in artificial life research。Compared with other learning methods，The main advantage of the evolutionary method is，Reinstallation of complex bet365 live casino games formulas in the process of generating optimal solutions。K. Downing defines the six features of emergency behavior。Fundamental speaking，Repeat behavior characteristics need behavior characteristics in "offspring"。But，This will lead to consistency。So，Expressing over time，We need to introduce subtle differences，New or different features of artificial life will be moved over time。

From a certain perspective，Artificial life is the virtual "playback" of the evolution process。Stephen Gould think，If the evolution process is repeated again，Whether it is overall or detail，The results of life will be extremely different from what we see today。This concept has been used for many artificial life research，To test the evolution process。For example，A. Fontana (A. Fontana) proves that the digital body，DOS) can simulate the formation of cancer; Word (m. P. Ward) and others use artificial life simulation pathogens。To promote life research，Scientists have developed many simulators。Common artificial life simulators include Tierra、Echo、Polyworld、Framesticks、Avida and ECOSIM。These platforms help explore all aspects of natural evolution，The influence of the mutation rate、Path repeat、Evolution of physical form and the role of physical barriers in the formation of driving objects。

Evolution Theory thinks，The first living cell was spontaneously produced from inert chemicals 4 billion years ago，Maybe only the ability to use external chemicals as energy and self -copy。Human intelligence is the product of 4 billion bet365 live casino games years of evolution。other，THOMPSON (E. Thompson) through formal and interpreting symbol data in the situation of dynamic systems，It is believed that artificial life is the basis of artificial intelligence，and the analog of DNA (symbol) into amino acid translation。This indicates，Artificial life may be a useful experimental tool，can be in long -term simulation，How to generate a series of intelligence (even human intelligence)。

　　Reflection of artificial life

On this road of artificial life research，We can't determine what intelligence will be created、Wisdom or consciousness，But this study is still worth looking forward to。but but，There is a huge defect for artificial life research，simplify life into many parameters，and we can provide all the environments that simulate these parameters。For example，Geoffrey Hinton once said，"Life、Answer of the universe and everything，It's just 4.398 trillion parameters "。The view of this mechanical theory is worth questioning。

Disputes are still stored，Is artificial life a strong research program，Disputes are still stored，But its benefits and risks are obvious。From the perspective of benefits，First, the essence of life from the perspective of artificial life，You can have a deeper understanding of the nature of life。The essential attributes of the life of life in the essence of life in the essence of life，Including self -organization、Autonomous、response、Proliferation、Evolution and metabolism。In addition to metabolism，Other attributes can be defined with information bet365 best casino games on terms，This reveals the characteristics of the artificial life system to a certain extent。The second is from the perspective of philosophy，Artificial Life Studies can provide a new perspective for us to re -understand the relationship between the subject and the object。In the micro world，There is absolutely clear boundaries between the subject and object as in the macro world，but like Niels Bohr often said，"On the world stage，We are both audiences，Actor again "。

From the perspective of risk，Although the risk has not yet fully appeared，But before it appears，We should consider the problems that we will face。One of them is manifested as: "non -human" generation。The so -called "non -human"，Not a person，but the general name of the various forms of alienation。Some scholars think，Artificial Life Research is a simplification of life、Mechanized，Even vulgarization，There is a possibility that it is impossible to make people non -humanized。Non -humanization may lead to the gradual annihilation of people's subjectivity and dignity，and the emergence of the formation of robotic personality。Although artificial life research has achieved a series of progress，But the huge challenge it brings still sounds the alarm clock from time to time。other，We still need to maintain a cautious attitude，Some philosophical doubts caused by this issue are worthy of our continuous inspection。

　　(This article is a major project of the National Social Science Foundation "New Development of Modern Modern Logic、Research on Frontier and Application of theory "(15zdb018) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Marxism University in Yunnan University)