Autism is a representative disease of extensive developmental disorder，Frequent diseases in infant and young children。According to the "Diagnosis and Statistics Manual: Mental Disorders", the fifth edition，Social barriers are the core symptoms of autism，Expressway "Social communication and social interaction difficulties in across planets，Non -general development delay caused "。In reality，Autism groups often face social disorders.。Social disorders seriously affect the normal development of autism children and social adaptability。Social intervention can provide some help to the social obstacles of children with autism。

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With the in -depth understanding of autism，Intervention technology of autism also achieved rapid development。From the 1960s，Application behavior analysis technology based on behavioralism is gradually applied to autism intervention。This technology disassembles the skills to be trained into small steps，Through rewards or punishment to shape the child's behavior to meet the teacher's expectations。Based on this set of concepts，Application behavior analysis has developed with the development of social skills、System intervention process from skill assessment to formulating personalized intervention plans。

Skill evaluation is the evaluation of the teacher's skills and weaknesses of the teacher，Generally, professional evaluation tools need to be used。Use the evaluation tool，Teachers can set hundreds of skill points according to the development level of normal children，Evaluate Bet365 lotto review the strength and weakness of the child，and track the changes in the skills in the course。After completing the skill assessment of children with autism，Teachers will formulate personal development plans for the stage and skills of the skills and skills，Use one -on -one way to strengthen。The common methods are as follows。

1. Talet teaching method，ddt)，There are specific training venues。Children with autism respond according to the teacher's instructions，The teacher will give the corresponding reinforcement according to different reactions。For example，Give oral encouragement correctly in the reaction，No reward for reaction errors。

2. Nature Environment Teaching，Net)，Contrary to DDT teaching methods。DDT instruction sponsors are teachers，Perform in a specific training place，Children need to respond accordingly according to the teacher's instructions。and Net is under the natural situation，Teachers do teaching according to their children's needs，Let the child's behavior be strengthened in the natural situation。

3. Picture exchange communication system (Piction Exchange Communication System，PECS)，According to the characteristics of the general vision of children with autism，Use pictures to express their needs and wishes。Teachers can conduct staged training，Gradually expand the scope of language communication，Ability to improve children's active communication，To achieve the purpose of social adaptation。

　Social intervention based on constructivism

In the second half of the 20th century,，Constructist learning concept gradually has an impact on the intervention of autism children。Constitutionalist learning concept，Children are not without experience、Passive、Mechanical reception，Instead, you can learn meaningful learning on the basis of existing experience，Actively integrate Bet365 app download and reconstruct its own experience and external information。The study of social skills is not to teach children to children，but children are with parents、Perspective、In the process of the interaction of strangers，The process of integrating internal experience and external information to form a new cognitive structure。During the interaction process，Children instead of adults are the protagonists of learning。Adults are not the instructor of knowledge，Instead of providing children with scaffolds for children，Let it break through the assistant of the recent development zone。

Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience provides a scientific basis for constructive learning view。Mirror neurons exist in birds、Other primates and a special neurons system in the human brain，distributed in the temporal gutter of the human brain、Top Leaves、Midtores and other areas of Brain Island，Observation and imitation with people、Social cognitive understanding and other functions related。The defects of autistic people in mirror neurons，It may be the cause of the core symptoms of social disorders。Constructionist learning concept emphasizes real interpersonal interaction and imitation，This is conducive to stimulating mirror image neurons，Improve autism symptoms。In addition，Research found in recent years，Insufficient long -distance connection between the brain and brain areas with autism people、Performance function of the frontal lobe is weak。Constructionist learning concept emphasizes the connection and integration of new and old experience，This may improve the internal connection of the brain。Specifically，Constitutionalist learning concept has the following intervention mode。

1. Based on development、Different differences and interpersonal relationships bet365 best casino games (Developmental，Individual Differences，Relationship-Based Model，DIR) is the representative intervention method of constructive learning concept。Dir thinks，Although there are many symptoms in autism，But you don’t have to get all face when intervention，Instead, we must grasp the core issues of interaction and relationship development，to drive the solution of other problems。DIR's classic intervention methods include floor time and Hanen Model。Flooring time intervention points are guided by the interest of autistic children，Parents and children can participate in creative activities together，Improve children's symbolic expression ability，Promoting children's emotional experience、The formation of interpersonal relationships and the development of cognitive ability。Harin mode thinks，Parents participation is an important part of intervention。Parents need to understand the way of their children's communication and how to communicate with them by the way of their children，Interaction through the relationship in family daily life, improve the language expression and social communication ability of autism children。

2. The Barry Neil Kaufman & SAMAHRIA LYTE KAUFMAN) Son-Rise, a self-closed therapy project founded in 1983 according to the successful experience of treating sons of autism.，Used to help more autistic families。Son-Rise recommends that parents have a full understanding of their children and give enough care，Establish a contact from the perspective of the child，Let your child take the initiative to initiate social，to improve its social ability。

3. Game and cultural intervention (Play and Culture International，PCI) is a set of intervention modes to cultivate autistic children's cultural learning ability。Cultural learning bet365 live casino games ability refers to in different situations、The expression and response that meets the corresponding cultural background can be manifested in the venue。PCI uses the game to get involved in daily life，Improving the cultural learning ability of autistic children through real social situations and personal experience。

4. Social education advocated by Zhen Yuelai，The core goal of autism intervention is to establish contacts between people，instead of connection between people and things。For example，If the language is trained，But the language cannot be applied to interpersonal communication，So the value of language training is zero。The intervention method of social education is，Make children encounter problems in real life，Auxiliary children solve problems，To improve children's social adaptation ability。

　　Future development of social intervention

Intervention method for constructivism orientation，Pay more attention to children and parents、The relationship between companions and society (rather than specific skills)。and，Social interaction developed in this way，Can be more suitable for real life。So，We think，Social intervention of autistic children in the future，May develop in the following direction。

1. Social learners who take autistic children as active。Research indicates，Children with autism although there are social skills barriers，But they still have the potential to establish social relationships (including establishing an attachment relationship with parents and establishing friendship with companions)。This，They can move from family to school and even society，Survival independently。Future social intervention，Children with autism should be regarded as active social learners。We need to explore various methods bet365 Play online games to stimulate the potential of relationships with autism children，Help them improve and family、Quality of companion and social relations。

2. Social intervention method for developing advanced groups。Children with autism not only need to establish a good relationship with parents，Also out of the parents' embrace，Integrate to society。Children with autism often have difficulty interacting with companions and establishing a relationship with their companions，Even if you enter the fusion kindergarten or school, you will often be marginalized and isolated，It may even become the object of being bullied。The current relationship intervention is mainly focused on family relationships，Children with autism urgently need to be based on the recent development zone principle、Social intervention in advanced groups in accordance with their learning laws，This can help them better integrate into the companion group。

3. Combining constructivism with virtual reality technology。With the advancement of science and technology，​​Virtual reality technology is also applied to the field of autism intervention。This technology is simulated by the real social situation，Place providing social exercises for children with autism，At the same time, the anxiety generated in the real situation、Fear and other emotions，You can also adjust the degree of difficulty and environment according to its status。Research indicates，Social functions (such as language ability) of autistic children after virtual reality intervention will improve。In the future, we can combine the intervention methods of constructivist orientation with virtual reality technology，Let autistic children learn social skills in the virtual world and apply what they have learned in real life，Improve symptoms through Bet365 app download good interpersonal interactive relationship，Improve the quality of life。

　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation Project "Exploration and Effect Evaluation of Autism Children's Specification Training Model Training Model Training Model" (19BTY129) phased results)

(Author Unit: Institute of Education of Suzhou University; Research Center for Steel Leitors Intervention)