His heart problem is philosophy of mind、Important issues of psychology and cognitive science philosophy。The core of his heart problem is the psychological reading problem between subjects，How to explain the simulator、Understanding、Psychological activity of predicted targets、Behavioral purpose。Volkswagen Psychology gives two solutions: simulation theory and theory theory，and interpret his heart reading as: use imagination to perform offline、camouflage simulation; use psychological theory、Knowledge、Terms for reason。Naturalization of consciousness、Phenomenology Neurosis is an emerging research trend in recent years。The discovery of neurons in neuroscience，It is considered to prove that the simulation theory。But the experimental concept of simulation theory is also facing incomplete results caused by experimental ethics、Behavioral prediction and behavior understanding may not have consistency and other problems，The difference between the brain and other spiritual long animals，implies that his psychological understanding requires a cognitive system other than mirror neurons。Therefore，Mirror neurons are not fully proved to be simulated，Corresponding experiments sustainable improvement，Simulation theory may also move towards some kind of hybrid。

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Scholars who support simulation theory are Robert M. Gordon、Alvin I. Goldman、VitTorio Gallese and others，The core of its theory is，People do not know or use any psychological laws，and just imagine the situation where you are in the simulated，Realize the psychological state of others through emotional ways，Experience the psychological experience of others。Psychological bet365 best casino games simulation process can be divided into four steps。First, the simulator sees、Actions and related situations of perception or imagination of the target。Second, the perspective of the simulator adopts the target person and generates the corresponding camouflage psychological state。Third, the simulator outputs the input camouflage psychological state as a psychological state，Send to behavior interpretation and prediction system。Fourth is to report to the belief box through behavioral interpretation and forecasting system report。From this，Simulator completes the corresponding psychological state to others，This is learned about the psychological state of others。

Simulation theory is the mainstream，But it has also been criticized by theoretical theory，and also facing the challenge of his heart problems。The core of theoretical theory is，Humans need to obtain and deploy common sense psychological theories，Complete psychological reading through reasoning。Theoretical theory thinks，The "simulation" claimed by the simulation theory requires the knowledge of the simulation object to drive，This kind of knowledge has a similar theoretical form，That is to simulate a series of psychological knowledge、Psychological Theory。Therefore，If theoretical theory is correct，Simulation theory is wrong，The understanding of his heart needs to follow the theory of a large -scale psychological public，instead of relying on emotional implementation。

　　Discovery of Mirror Neurons

Mirror neurons are the essence of perception -movement neurons，In the mid -1990s, it was first discovered by people in the cortex (F5 area of ​​the brain) in front of the abdomen of the macaques。Mirror image is that the actor's execution of a certain action is to observe other macaques to make a similar movement，The same discharge phenomenon will occur，This mapping process is interpreted bet365 live casino games as the basis for psychological reading。Scholars of Scholars for Monkeys、Rat、Animal Electrical Observation Experiment of Animal Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electricity，All reveal this mirror reaction。

Experimental performance such as: monkeys take bananas and observe other monkeys to get banana、Monkey see other monkeys tearing paper and hearing other monkeys to tear paper，The same discharge phenomenon is generated; when the monkeys grasp two pliers with the opposite direction of the opening and closing direction，Although the direction of the use of pliers is opposite，But because they all perform the grip action，Also produced the same discharge phenomenon。The front buckle of the experimental mouse brought back to the neurons in ACC (district)，When a mouse experiences pain triggered by laser and witnesses another mouse trembling by the foot，I will make a similar nerve response，That is, the mirror of mouse has a mirror mirror neuron。Birds are the presence of the brain through the treatment of hearing -sound mirror form，The mirror neurons system that produces empathy。If you call birds、The sound of singing is played back，Bird can distinguish and make an electric reaction to similar voices，and exclude noise interference，Activation of HVC neurons with sound adjustment; can realize the imitation of "songs"，Ru Yen can imitate the "singing sound" of competitors。

The analogy relationship between the human brain and the monkey brain combined with the theory of evolution of the academic community，TMS、PET、FMRI and other non -invasive brain imaging technology，Prove that there is a mirror neuron system in the human brain。Human brain and monkey brain plays different functions in brain structure and different brain areas，and collaborative collaboration has similarity。Mirror neurons are distributed in the brain，When observing and performing target action，Similar nerve activation bet365 live casino games will appear。Studies such as PHILIP L. Jackson found that the picture can cause human pain reactions;，Stink and Painful Pictures as elements that induce emotions，Smell the smell in the subject、When receiving electrode tingling and observation related pictures，Bringing back the front buckle of the human brain，Similar activities to produce similar activities such as the anterior brain island and the cerebellum。This indicates that the human brain has empathy。

　　Experimental evidence and incompleteness

The theoretical interpretation of the representative of the simulation theory，and the logical similarity of the experimental program and the simulation process，It can derive the evidence of the simulation theory of mirror neurons。He thinks，The function of the mirror may be part or pioneer of more general mind reading function。When an individual makes actions，Can predict the results of the action。From the perspective of learning，Use the self -organized function of the sports system，Observation movement caused mirror neurons activity，This kind of activity corresponds to the neurological activity of a certain movement that is generated during the action of performing action，The similarity of the two body representation enables the meaning of the actions of the individual to be recognized。

There are four main points in the experimental program。First, when the acting animal execution and observation target object behavior，Neuron is activated to generate current，then neurons have reacted to target behavior。Second, the active animal execution and observation target movement，The same discharge effect is the same，The similarity of the body's characteristic，Explain that we have a similar experience with the target object。Third, the subject of the subject is in the case of visibility and only smelling and only smelling，Neuron discharge effects are the same，Then the simulation of neurons has associated analog bet365 best casino games function。Fourth, if the animal neurons are tested, the same behavior has produced the same discharge effect，then the same intention behind the behavior of neurons。

Simulation theory is psychological simulation，is offline。Mirror neurons evidence passed the mirror mechanism，Perception and action between the association experiments，and make the imitator itself have the same emotional feelings and conscious experience as the target object。Visible，The psychological simulation process of the experimental program and the simulation process emphasizes the similarity of the body's characteristic similarity and the similarity of psychological feelings，Aware of the simulator、Comparison of the action of the target object is logically consistent。

Although the mirror neuron has a highly plastic sensory sports connection circuit，But facing difficulties in specific experiments。The function of the mirror neurons，and whether it is his psychological neurological basis，Still controversy。Research from Gregory Hickok，The classic question can be summarized as: the results caused by experimental ethics are not comprehensive，behavioral prediction and behavior understanding may not be consistent，The differences between the brain and the human brain of the primates suggest that his psychological understanding requires a cognitive system outside the mirror neuron。The specific performance is as follows: When a large number of neurons activity was detected,，Can't judge the activity of a single neuron，Unable to insert the electrode into the human brain tissue。Mirror neurons are questioned with imitation function，But does not have action understanding function。The success prediction of action does not mean grasping the meaning of the behavior; the similarity of the body's representation does not seem to guarantee the similarity of the psychological state。Is the discharge of neurons just a "nerve activation" caused by sensory stimulation? If mirror resonance is mental reading、Repulse、Basis of social cognition，Why do monkeys do not bet365 Play online games pass a lot like humans、Frequent imitation is more intelligent? How do mirror neurons know which one is "imitated"?，Although the mirror neurons are proof, it is not proved to be simulated。

　Simulation theory of mixed ways

Simulation is an important way to understand his heart，But the pure simulation theory should not be the only way to enter。Goldman's distinction of low -level imitation and high -level simulation，In fact, the simulation process and his heart reading need psychological activity、Participation in reasoning ability。and，The imagination of simulation theory is also a form of reasoning。Difficulties suffered by the theory of simulation theory，Experimental data is difficult to explain the predicament of "understanding" his mind，and Goldman's theoretical turning in the later period can be known，Simulation theory will be mixed with the theory of theory，In the process of simulation theory simulation and projection of his heart，Add reasoning and speculation。

As for the experiment of mirror neurons，The certain consensus we can achieve is，The more accurate the simulation is the mirror process、The more obvious the mirror mechanism is，Actions with high difficulty levels need conscious participation to achieve imitation。Simulation accuracy problems for mirror neurons experiments、Consistency of Movement and Psychological Status、The accidental problem of the mirror reaction，The experimental design of mirror neurons can be improved as follows。First, choose familiarity、Experimental objects with different degrees of similarity，Novel imitation behavior for imitators。Such as different countries、race humans; family care and wild animals。Second, the experimental scenario posts the recent situation，Interactive action of the test object。Three pairs of multiple groups of completely unrelated behavior to determine。Fourth is to conduct control experiments on different Bet365 lotto review difficulties，If the significant feature is personal、Action with strong physical meaning and social significance。Five is the two types of data combined with two types of data and language。Mirror neurons provide some support for simulation theory，But the simulation theory wants to get out of its own dilemma，Mixed way is an inevitable trend。

　(Author Unit: Philosophy of Renmin University of China)