Autonomous driving is based on carrier tools、Road selection、Data management and control "three -in -one" new generation of intelligent system。Current，The development and application of autonomous driving，received wide attention。Explore the status quo of autonomous driving、Dohaies and way out，It has important practical significance and value revelation。

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From theoretically,，The intelligent level of autonomous vehicles has different levels。According to the intelligent requirements of the American Automobile Engineer Association and the Highway Safety Administration on the autonomous driving scene，Divide the autonomous driving technology to L0 -L5 total 6 levels。Where，L0 is a full control of a human driver; L1 is dominated by human driver control cars，Intelligent system only plays an auxiliary role; L2 is a joint control car of human drivers and intelligent systems; L3 is the basic leading car of the intelligent system，But the monitoring of human drivers is required; L4 is an autonomous driving for the intelligent system that dominates the specific environment，But in special circumstances, human driver monitoring is needed; and L5 is a fully manipulating car。

From a practical point of view，The intelligent level of autonomous vehicles has two ways to enter。One is the "increasing" bet365 best casino games research and development model represented by traditional automobile manufacturers，Gradually advance from L1 to L5。The other is the "insert" intelligent mode represented by emerging car manufacturers，Cut in directly from L4，Grave the digital technology into the semi -automatic car，Try to eventually break through the intelligent level of L5。The current autonomous driving not only realizes the intelligentization of the engine and the transmission mechanism，and realized the semi -intelligentization of the tool machine。Future breakthrough points，It will focus on the intelligent development of the tool machine。Current，New transportation methods based on autonomous driving gradually move towards commercialization，Once the key technology achieves breakthroughs，It will greatly affect people’s production and lifestyle。but but，People have also worried about the safety of autonomous driving。

　　Facing difficulties

Autonomous driving is favored and expected by people，Part is because it can achieve higher safety than human driving，to reduce the incidence and mortality of traffic accidents。but，The current autonomous driving still faces three dilemma。

First，Autonomous vehicles face a series of moral challenges。"Tram Tules" was first proposed by Philippa Foot in 1967，Prerequisite to reflect on utilitarianism。And the current "tram problem" is also used to think about a series of problems facing autonomous driving，The fundamental controversy comes from moral challenges。For example，Imagine a bet365 live casino games tram that is galloping，You must pass through the A orbit in front，If there are 3 people on Line A，9 people on the line，When the death accident cannot be avoided，How to choose a tram driver? Is it moral or not?，So when the human driver is completely "custody"，Can the autonomous driving system become a moral subject?

Next，Autonomous vehicles may cause legal interpretation contradictions。On the one hand，The legal concept believes，Everyone's life and rights enjoy legal equality; on the other hand，Legal practice once resort to the principle of utilitarianism，It may be contradictory with the concept of equality of everyone。If you consider from a practical perspective，According to utilitarianism, it is also impossible to get "reasonable" defense and recognition，Because the energy of the main body is always preferred by the after -after results，and regional differences and cultural differences will lead to the differences of "rules" and the diversity of "results"。

Last，Autonomous vehicles also face the dual dilemma of technical collection and technical interpretation。The existing artificial intelligence technology is based on human behavior、Image recognition、Calculation and calculation of implanted knowledge。So，Just in a certain closed field，Autonomous vehicles can indeed achieve accuracy and safety of transportation。But，Once entering the open field from the closed field，The autonomous driving system will be due to the complexity of moral norms and the possibility of open fields，cannot Bet365 lotto review ensure accuracy and security。

　　Explore the way out

Facing the predicament of the above autonomous driving in theory and practice，If you don't want to "stop" but want to "promote"，So it cannot ensure 100%and can avoid possible traffic accidents in more than 95%，Can we accept it? Some researchers think，The dilemma of "tram problem" is not fully applicable to autonomous driving cars，The former involves the current choice of the subject，3659_3697，It can completely exceed the individual's judgment of death。So，From the perspective of reality，If you reduce death as the bottom line，Autonomous vehicles also have certain advantages。So，We can comprehensively analyze the possible way out of the autonomous driving under certain circumstances。

During the autonomous driving development stage of L1 -L4，A safe driving behavior needs to meet multiple variables。From the perspective of function，At least five main variables: Human driver、Autonomous car manufacturer、Road service provider、Government Supervision Department、Potential harm。First，Before the autonomous vehicle enters the closed road，Human drivers must clarify that they are drivers、The "three -in -one" identity of the supervisor and responsible person。So，Human drivers must check whether autonomous vehicles are intact，Is the autonomous driving system normal，Whether the road service provider allows to enter driving，Knowledge weather conditions and natural disasters, etc.。Next，Road service providers should bet365 best casino games set up a notice that allows allows entering closed roads，Do a good job of road safety protection，Prevent passers -by and animals from entering，Guarantee signs、Road marking、Emergency channels meet the specifications，Provide natural disaster warning。Last，The government supervision department shall strictly supervise the autonomous vehicle manufacturer and road service provider，Prevent it as much as possible to prevent the corresponding responsibilities as much as possible，and prevent potential risks such as hackers from invading autonomous driving systems。If a self -driving car enters the closed road, an accident occurs，To investigate the functional abnormality of different main variables。It can be said，In the closed road，If other situations are normal，Autonomous vehicles can replace human drivers。But，When a self -driving car is driving on an open road，Due to complex road conditions，Human drivers should reasonably switch the roles of drivers and supervisors according to the specific road conditions，The autonomous driving system only plays an auxiliary effect。If there is a traffic accident，The liability for the accident may be shared by human drivers or manufacturers and insurance companies in accordance with the laws and regulations。

During the development stage of the autonomous driving development of L5，The main variable of autonomous driving behavior changes。From the perspective of function，At least five variables: autonomous driving system、Autonomous car manufacturer、Road service provider、Government Supervision Department、Potential harm。Because the autonomous driving bet365 Play online games system of L5 has completed the majority of tests in the open field，Therefore, it can replace the role of human driver，Become the main body of driving。So，Under the premise that the passenger does not affect the driving behavior，If there is a traffic accident，The liability for the accident can be responsible for the background of the system、Manufacturer、Road service provider、Insurance companies and the government bear the negotiation in accordance with a certain proportion or main responsibility.。

To sum up，The development and application of autonomous driving，To cope with morality、Law、Technology and other challenges，The core of which is moral challenges。The manufacturing of autonomous vehicles must strictly meet the requirements of the factory，The collection of passenger information must be fulfilled in legal confidentiality liability。other，The government must do a good job of relevant supervision。The government is both a supporter of autonomous driving technology，It is also the supervisor of whether the autonomous driving technology is safe。So，The government must severely crack down on illegal autonomous cars flowing into the market，It is also necessary to resolutely prevent the leak of user information。In short，The design and application of any technology must be based on reducing the incidence and mortality of accidents，Because preservation of life is the bottom line of all human values。

　(Author Unit: Philosophy of Renmin University of China)