With the improvement of artificial intelligence to human cognitive capabilities，The question of whether intelligent robots can have self -awareness have gradually changed from far concerns to nearly worry。For this，There is optimism in the academic community、Different positions of pessimism and neutrality。Smart robots that may generate self -awareness at present，Is a high -level artificial intelligence，Interactivity、Special characteristics such as autonomy and adaptability。Deep attention of the self -consciousness of intelligent robots，Reflects people's anxiety about the out of control of intelligent robots。The best way to eliminate this fear，is to deeply understand and grasp its principles and essence，Open the black box of the self -consciousness of the intelligent robot，and promote it to develop good development。

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Generally speaking，There are two main ways to generate human self -awareness，First is self -inspiration，The second is the recognition of others。Self -consciousness and self -identity are inseparable，Self -identity is inseparable from the identity of others in the group。So，Self -consciousness usually generates in the recognition of other members of the society。When exploring the self -consciousness of intelligent robots，These two paths have been tried，and made different progress。According to the technical development path，Smart robots are mainly divided into data intelligence and brain -like intelligence，The self -awareness of the two adopts the path of the identity and self -inspiration of others，bet365 Play online games Its essence is also different。

First, the data intelligent robot "design" self -consciousness，That is the identity path of others。​​This path is supported by algorithm design and big data，Let the robot feel "self -consciousness"。Whether it is a digital computer，Still quantum computer，The ways of self -consciousness are all data intelligent paths。But there is a risk of data compatibility and overflowing on this way。Very obvious，The "self -awareness" generated by this path is the designer and users in the environment.，The cognitive subject is the human body, not the body。This is especially common in emotional robots or social robots。And the user of social intelligent robots，Often will have the illusion that the robot has emotional and self -consciousness in the long -term relationship。This phenomenon is called empathy effect。Usually，Robots that can produce stronger empathy effects are often welcomed by consumers。But，Through the real content and regularity of emotional or self -consciousness, you will be discovered，This is just the user in a specific situation believes that the robot has demonstrated self -awareness and emotion。Therefore，It does not indicate that such robots can self -stimulate self -consciousness or emotion。

Second, the brain -like intelligent robot "grows" for self -consciousness，Self -stimulation path。This path is supported by brain -like technology，Let the robot have perceive "body"，Form an independent "self -consciousness"。"Self -consciousness" here is derived from the body，but it is an organic body carried by biological chips，Therefore, no matter whether it is a technical pessimistic or optimistic faction, it cannot deny the possibility of self -consciousness。For example，bet365 best casino games Zeng Yi team on the basis of cognitive neurosciences，The self -conscious mirror experiment was successfully challenged with the self -developed brain robot，Create a model of biological excitation for the self -consciousness of the robot。Although mirror experiments can only be used as a perspective of robot self -conscious verification，But we can look forward to the future，Smart robots that create biological self -consciousness to create biological nature are not day and night。There are risks that are difficult to control of biological chip information on this way。Most related research is limited to the laboratory，It is only clinically used for brain interface technology for brain diseases，and the use of this technology requires patients to train in advance，That is to show intelligence with the assistance of people。

　Explore human -machine fusion

The emergence of the self -consciousness of intelligent robots may increase human fear of being out of control of it，and the development of human -machine integration can reduce the possibility of this harm。Human -machine fusion intelligence is a new type of intelligent form formed by making full use of the strengths of people and machines。Big data artificial intelligence、Internet group intelligence、Perception and cross -media intelligence、Human -machine hybrid intelligence、Autonomous Intelligent System, etc., is currently the main five types of human -machine fusion intelligence。To guide intelligent robots to develop good，Avoid bad social impact，It is necessary to actively respond and take measures for humans。

First, the forward -looking ethical design。Technical physical theory thinks，Technology is a kind of entity，Is the load value。Especially smart robots that are becoming more and more autonomous now，bet365 Play online games According to the design of the algorithm, it can adapt to the environmental independent decision，The resulting results are even uncontrollable。This algorithm complexity and uncontrollable，Very well supported the position of technical physical theory。From this，The governance of technical risks requires a forward -looking mode。Although the current research of brain -like intelligence in consciousness and self -consciousness is still in the primary stage，But letting it autonomous self -awareness has always been the goal of many developers。Therefore，It is necessary to propose an ethical framework when its self -conscious research is still in the initial stage，Based on the advantages of "top -down" and "bottom -up", the combination mode is proposed: the value sensitive design，and filter the human behavior learned by the bottom line through the principle of the bottom line。If the path of situation learning is completely adopted，Once it is put into the market to use，There will be an uncontrollable consequences。Therefore，The bottom line principle must be combined with the situation learning，can ensure the safe and controllable intelligent robot。

Second, the establishment of people -led human -machine collaborative evolutionary relationships。Deep attention to the self -consciousness of intelligent robots，essentially reflects people's fear of the out of control of intelligent robots。Human -machine relationships formed based on this，Not conducive to the healthy development of artificial intelligence，It is not conducive to human freedom and comprehensive development。For this，We need to explore a health、Sustainable human -machine relationship，is people -led human -machine collaborative evolutionary relationship。People -led，It can guarantee that the person will not lose bet365 Play online games the subjectivity in the synergy evolution。Only maintaining this subjective，Human beings can rationally determine the robot "What can I do" and "What should I do"，Ensure that artificial intelligence products evolve according to human value concepts，to master the initiative of collaborative evolution，Goal to realize the development of intelligent robots。​​At the same time，People -dominated can promote human beings to take the initiative to take the responsibility of negligence in collaborative evolution。If the intelligent robot generates self -consciousness，Controversy of its moral status and moral tolerance will be triggered。Actually，Let the robot have a certain moral judgment ability，The purpose is to better serve human beings，minimize or even avoid negative effects，instead of allowing them to have rights or bear responsibility，The two can be separated。People are the undertakers of responsibility。The responsibility of people not only includes the value sensitive design of value in the risk prevention stage，It also includes reducing losses through institutional construction after risk is generated。

Third is to establish an institutional mechanism for the integration and coordinated development of "social -technology"。If the intelligent robot generates self -consciousness，The change brought by is not only a technical disruptive innovation，and the impact on the original social operating mechanism is even more difficult to clearly predict。Facing the advent of intelligent robots with self -consciousness，Not only need to intervene in advance in the research and development stage，At the same time, the innovation of the social system and mechanism is also required to adapt。To ensure the good -oriented bet365 best casino games of the new intelligent robotic products，It must be regulated during research and development and use。​​At the same time，The government must actively guide third -party institutions to privacy that may be triggered、Safety、Sensitivity assessment of problems such as social justice，Requires enterprises to establish compensation or recall mechanism for products that occur in problems。

Fourth is actively guiding the public to participate。The advancement of technology is convenient for people's lives，It also makes people fear to a certain extent。This technical fear comes from the complexity and uncertainty of the technology itself，Especially for smart robots that may generate self -consciousness。The fundamental method to eliminate technical fear，is to allow the public to participate in the technical governance process of intelligent robots。On the one hand，Public participation will help improve the social acceptance of intelligent robots。The more deeper the public participation of technology research and development，The more you understand the technical details，The easier it is to accept smart robots with self -consciousness。On the other hand，Public participation helps to improve the accuracy of the social risk assessment of intelligent robots。Proper public participation in the social risk factors of intelligent robots is more comprehensive and accurate，The preventive measures formulated from this will be more effective。In short，More public participation will help achieve the goal of artificial intelligence to good，This is also the original intention of proposing human -machine integration intelligence。

　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation General Project "Human -Machine Integration Intelligence and Research on His Coordinated Governance" (20BZX029) staged results)

(Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of Hunan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences (Hunan Provincial People's Government Development Research Center)