For more than a century，Whether it is in practice or theoretically，Pursue modernity、Modernization is one of the most important goals including many countries including China，The topic of "modernity" has also been valued by the academic community。The complexity of the process of modernity and evolution by observing the modernity of Western modernity、Inner tension and contemporary difficulties，Reveal the basic mechanism of modernity and multiple possibilities to enter the way，That is another or multiple possible paths of modernity other than "Western Modernity"，For example, Chinese modernity and its realistic roads，Professor Wan Junren at the Department of Philosophy of Tsinghua University School of Humanities, Wan Junren, around the topic of "modernity of modernity"，Interview with our reporter。

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"China Social Sciences": adapt to the historical logic of Western modernization，The theoretical logic of modern evolution in the West。What is the logic of the development of Western modernity?

Wan Junren:As a pioneer and pioneer of human modern civilization，Western modern mirror -whether it is a mirror of civilized history，Still as a ideological history image，Or as a reference system for the coordinate system of human modern civilization mirror，Prerequisites that must be understood first。

What is "Western Modernity"? A preliminary theoretical answer is，It is dominated by the basic value concept of liberalism、Technology Innovation、Geographical discovery and colonial expansion、Emotional and Urbanization，and the core elements based on personal rights such as personal rights，It is manifested as a clear spirit of free personalism and universal rationalism。Its core value concept is "freedom、Equality、Boai (or tolerance) and democracy "，Political democracy is the main contribution of the United States to Western modernity after Western capitalism。The basic theory and practice method is liberal + universalism、Worldism + colonialism or colonial expansion、Imperialist + Human Rights Democratic Values。Its spiritual core is the personal liberal and social Darwinism of the Western center。

The generation of Western modernity and its evolution logic，It can be simply summarized as，A Western modernity of the Western modernity of geographical expansion ("Geographical Discovery") and the Science and Technology Revolution ("Science and Technology Invention")，European Boxing and its continuous enhanced world expansion through the market economy，and the blessing of democratic politics and the secular social movement that gradually achieved in Europe and the United States，Finally created the "Modern World System" or the history of modern world，Therefore, in a sense, "Western modernity" becomes synonymous with human modern history。Through this huge and complex modern history process，We must admit，Western modernity has accumulated a modern experience that has accumulated successful in the world.，The concept of a clear and complete world (earth) formed with "Geography Discovery"、Scientific rationalism established based on modern Bet365 app download technology、The core value concept of liberalism rooted in the market economy and continuously strengthened through democratic politics，and the popular secular culture established through the continuous enhanced social secular movement，together constitutes the most basic civilization and cultural achievements in the West，This is also its most basic spiritual wealth。

　"China Social Sciences": Certificate of historical development，Western modernity does not all represent positive、progress and liberation。Imperialist expansion and capitalist modern social crisis reflect the "modernity of modernity" in the West。

Wan Junren:Yes。The logic of Western modernity evolution is implicitly contains many issues that are worthy of our attention and reflection，Specific performance as the following four aspects。

First，、Resource、Capital、The right to expand logic for the purpose of possession of wealth。Just legal rights and demands are irresistible，But the expansion of rights demands into power possessive and exclusion、Monopoly hegemony，Even the rights and demands of the rights based on the so -called "laws of nature" will be transformed into the "powerful will" logic of "power" of "power is righteous"，Therefore, it cannot obtain its general legitimacy defense。

Second，Principles of justice based on one -way rights instead of rights and obligations，Social Darwinist logic with power competing for power。Darwin's theory of evolution is simply misappropriated as a certification standard for the progress of civilization of human society，And with the purpose of Western Christianity, it has spawned the concept of modern progressist.。Apply this principle of evolution of this creature (life) to human society civilization，It may be generalized into a social Darwinism or even imperialist action rules，Emphasis on high or even "first" or "priority" has become a natural and inevitable behavior logic。An objective fact worth thinking about is，The modern history of Western in the past 500 years is in a sense，It is indeed more like a round of the new and old empires to replace the rotation history、History of the Performance、History of War。

third，Capital monopoly logic with unlimited profit。Capital naturally has its own self -reproductive and pursuit of market monopoly，The use of capital market use will inevitably produce a variety of different or even opposite market effects and social effects。This is becoming more and more obvious in the modern international financial crisis and political crisis，From the world economic crisis from 1929 to 1933 to the global financial crisis from 2008，Until the current severe reality of the US dollar hegemony and "de -US dollar"，Both proves that the capital logic of Western modernity has always been moving along a certain form of monopoly capitalist route。

fourth，The logic of self -ism logic of resource and capital competition or priority to possessing ideology based on the above position，or it will be exquisite or rough、hidden or public、Significant decorative or compulsory implementation of various kinds of behaviors of behaviors and ideology of self -ist ideology、Value labeling。

Reveal and analyze the successful experience of Western modernity and internal logic or defects，Not simply denying Western modernity itself，but to improve and improve the diverse modernity of human society。

　　Modernity presents a variety of growth status

"China Social Sciences": Is there a unified model of human modernity? How do countries develop their own modernity and their modern practice based on their own national conditions?

Wan Junren:Western modernization has already developed for more than 300 years，Show unprecedented vitality and level，Pioneer orientation of becoming the progress of human civilization。However, this does not mean，Each non -Western country and region must be followed by the modernization of the modernization that Western countries have taken，Even the initial imitation and learning，It is not equal to simple borrowing，Even misappropriation。Different countries and regions must be based on the historical orientation of it、Social conditions that have、Modernization methods and resources that may be registered，Expand the modernization process of each incompleteness。Asia、The actual situation of modernization of countries in Africa and South America also proves this。Inside Asia，East Asia and West Asia、The actual situation of modernization in South Asian countries is also the same。Even in the East Asian region，Middle、Day、The modernization experience of the Three Kingdoms of Korea also shows quite different appearances and characteristics。

This conclusion has at least three basic factual basis basis。One，Even the modernization of Western society does not show the same mode or a unified mode，Although its modern spiritual characteristics are roughly converged。In Europe，Not only the modernization of the Western European countries is starting first，There are differences in the specific method，And the modernization results of the entire European country are not neatly planned。This itself indicates，Modernity contains a variety of possibilities from the beginning，Show a diverse growth state。Its two，This diversity is constantly prominent in the process of modern international expansion，More vivid。This diversity is with the unique social and historical conditions of various countries，Especially the initial conditions or starting point status of its modernization、Civilization and cultural traditions are inseparable。Obviously，The modernization process of the United States and their paths are also different from European pioneers，The modernization and nationalization of the United States has shown from the beginning to start from "zero"、The characteristics of the out of nothing。Its three，Demonstrations or practice indicators of the pre -modern countries and regions other non -Western countries and regions outside Europe and the United States，The beginning of the modernization of various countries、Path selection、The expansion process and the actual effect are not the same: those who actively follow，There are also passive responses; there are step -by -step，There are also leapfrogs; there are other stoves，Also based on this announcement。Modernization experience of non -Western or predecessor countries，It is difficult to return to Zongru, one。

　　China's modernity has its particularity and universality

"China Social Sciences": for more than 100 years，Modernization is always the goal of the Chinese people。What kind of complex journey has the generation and evolution of China's modernity?

Wan Junren:The origin of China's modernity also has its special background、cause，Its development process is also very complicated to twists and turns。It can be said，So far，China's modern experience is also unique、It is difficult to copy it simply。From about 16th century, the handicraft industry and business "capitalist bud" in the modern sense of Jiangnan appeared in the modern sense.，After the "collapse of the heavens" at the beginning of the 20th century，Chinese society soon presents the so -called "dual variables of enlightenment and rescue" intertwined social transformation。From the three steps from "utensils" to "political system" to "concept"，It constitutes a third -level launch node or a three -step progressive formula for the modern transformation of Chinese society in the late 19th century to the early 20th century.。

Learn the above background and history，It is a necessary condition for us to recognize China's modernity，It also allows us。The modernization of China's modernization in the era of reform and opening up has been recognized by the world as "the miracle of the world economy"，"Building a well -off society in an all -round way" marks that the modernization of China has begun to enter a new stage，That is, the new stage of "predecessor threshold" and entering the new stage of "predecessor threshold" and entering a comprehensive "modern socialist modernization"。The arrival of this new stage，It means that Chinese modernity theory and thought based on the experience of socialism with Chinese characteristics are breaking out of the shell。Therefore，Explore and understand Chinese modernity，Time task for the self -awareness of contemporary Chinese society and Chinese people，It is a re -understanding China、Major challenging topics of understanding China's modernity。That's why，Clarify and confirm the real mirror of China's modernity and make it enter the world modernity map，Not only is it just right，And particularly urgent and key。

　　"China Social Sciences": What unique appearance and basic characteristics of Chinese modernity?

Wan Junren:Chinese modernity is being generated，Is China Modernization，Especially the crystallization of the experience experience of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics。Although in the junior period，But the main elements and basic characteristics of Chinese modernity are clearly visible。

First, the continuous open market economy and economic globalization expansion。One aspect，The national economic development has entered a new stage of well -off，Eliminate absolute poverty and start to move towards middle -developed countries，End the low tide period of China's backward beating in recent times。On the other hand，China has become the largest trading country in more than 130 countries and regions around the world，It is also the country with the most global import and export trade today，Show strong economic development vitality。

Second, the high autonomy of national politics、"The People's Democracy of the whole process" and the integration of international politics are continuously enhanced。After the founding of New China，The Communist Party of China、The Chinese government and the Chinese people continue to explore "people -centered people's democracy"，truly constructing socialist political democratic mode with Chinese characteristics。Persist in the five principles of peaceful coexistence，Promote the construction of a community of human destiny，Promote international equal cooperation and global fairness and justice，Winning higher and higher bet365 best casino games international identity。

Third is to build a modern industrial manufacturing system with rapid growth and increasingly complete.，Basic ways to form modern production and modern society development with knowledge innovation and technology improvement。China quickly complete industrial construction to accelerate the overtaking method，and based on the computer information network、Big Data、Biological Engineering、Full Consciousness of cutting -edge science and technology such as new materials and new ecology，Find science and technology conversion from scale to connotation quality，Struggle in the fields of technology in various contemporary frontier，Show an increasingly strong and active new development pattern。

Fourth is to form a new cultural development concept and an increasingly perfect national education system。For more than 70 years in the founding of New China，Especially for more than forty years of reform and opening up，Chinese education at an unprecedented speed、The rapid development of scale and quality。More importantly，With the party and the state put "cultural self -confidence" in the same theory self -confidence、Road self -confidence and system self -confidence is equivalent to the same important position，A long -term controversial cultural problem for more than 100 years has been clear and scientific answer，This is how to treat our own traditional culture。

Five is the ecological philosophy wisdom of "Beautiful China" and the global ecological ethics position of "green low carbon"。my country's construction of ecological civilization as one of the five strategic goals of the country's modern development，At the same time, actively participate in and organize the global ecological and environmental undertakings with the attitude of "responsible big country"，Play an important role in major international ecological and environmental protection activities such as the signing of the Paris Agreement。In fact，In less than 20 years in less than 20 years，The achievements achieved by the construction of ecological civilization in China are far beyond expectations。Today's China is turning green water into Jinshan Yinshan，Make the people live in the mountains and clear water shows、Haiyan Heqing's beautiful New China’s ideal goal of New China。

Chinese modern practical experience and its condensed Chinese modern spiritual character，It is receiving the world's high attention，It indicates that the uniqueness and generalization of China's modernity generation and growth can be。This not only requires us to make full and powerful response from theoretical and ideological，It is more needed to use an objective, real, and fully complete mutual cultural comparative analysis，to highlight China's modernization achievement。

　　Investigating modernity in China and the West

"China Social Sciences": Chinese modernity in the generation shows people a new modern way of modernity，How do you think of the difference between Chinese modernity and Western modernity?

Wan Junren:Chinese and Western modernity comparison，It is both a popular Chinese modern research idea and method，It is also a more typical research path。We can from the economy、Politics、Science and Technology and Culture Expand the comparative analysis of modernity of Chinese and Western modernity。

Different personal liberal expansion market economy models based on Western personal freedom / rights centers and capital / bet365 Play online games interests，The Chinese market economy is based on taking into account efficiency and fairness、Balance of social rights and social responsibility、Open market economy based on the fair competition of public capital and non -public capital。Support market economy，Opposition to market society，Reasonable and effectively play the "tangible hand" of "tangible government" and the "invisible hand" of the free market，is the basic characteristics and main logo of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics。

Different from the political model of Western countries，China's modern political democracy has two outstanding characteristics。One，The political democracy of modern China is based on the core concept of the "people's head as the master"，It is a substantial and general and thorough people's democratic politics。Its two，Democratic politics of modern China has always emphasized and adhered to the principles of independence and autonomy of national politics and equality between sovereign countries。Adhere to and improve the "whole process" people's democracy and multi -polar equality international democracy，Opposition to monoclonal international hegemonism and imperialism，It is the two basic directions of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics。

Scientific and technological rationality is the internal motivation that the civilization of modern society can be generated and rapidly improved，It is also the spiritual characteristics of the scientific rationalism of modernity。At this point in science and technology rationality，Instead of the overlapping surface of the two modernity of Chinese and Western modernity, it is continuously expanding，Differences are increasingly reduced，It is rather to say that the rationality of science and technology constitutes the basic aspect of the most modernity of human society。What you need to pay attention to is，Due to modern technology, especially applied technology and capital、The increasingly close market interests，State blockade and regional isolation in the field of intellectual property and high -tech fields becomes more and more serious，Become an obstacle to the universalization of scientific and rationalism。constantly open、Efforts to innovate、Learning with an open mind，It is the beneficial experience we learned from advanced modern countries，It is also the Chinese modernization experience created and accumulated by us through continuous reform and opening up practice。

Culture is the spiritual kernel of civilization。In the modern world context，How to cook Chinese and Western culture、Various possible encounters between Chinese and foreign culture、Conflict and compatibility，It is a major cultural problem that needs to be faced carefully。Efforts to achieve creative transformation and innovative development of their own excellent traditional culture，Create a new socialist culture with Chinese characteristics，At the same time, realize the open dialogue and cultural sharing of multiculturalism with out -of -domain multiculturalism，Modern development method of becoming socialist culture with Chinese characteristics。

　"China Social Sciences": Multi -modernity shows that different ethnic groups can maintain their own speciality，Construction of a global community。Why does it say to build a community of human destiny，Is it the most explanatory concept of the most explanatory explanation of human modernity so far?

Wan Junren:"Modernity" is a modern concept that is very complicated and still in the open construction，Anyone、No Group or any country has no right to monopolize the right to define the concept of "modernity" and the right to interpret。On the contrary，Each civilized country or region has the right to follow its own modern practical experience，To enrich or correct the connotation of the concept of "modernity"、understanding method and expression method。Despite this，The goal of "modernity" is still the publicity and understandable，But the way to achieve or define the "modernity" may be possible and actually can only be differentiated and diverse。Allows to have a variety of different "modernity" and practical paths，It is the diversity of human civilization and the multi -polarization of international politics、The inevitable and nature of the diversification of human culture。homogeneity of any civilization and culture、Together with proposition，All the imperialism of modern civilization and culture，It is also difficult to really win the general recognition of human society，More unparalleled effective。

Economic globalization is the first step to achieve the goal of "modernity" of human society，It is also the only way for its must be，Any "anti -globalization" and "anti -globalization" ideas and behaviors，It will hinder the process of hindering or even interrupting the ideal goal of human society to the ideal goal of "modernity"。Building a community of human destiny，is the latest understanding of human modernity in contemporary China，It is also our solemn commitment to build a new type of international relations and new human communities in human society。