At all levels of modern social space，Although the degree and method of the subjectivity reflection are different，But everyone has become the master of their own life，No longer in order to obey the rule of the other person or a certain ultra -verification principle。This is the basic mental condition of Western modernity。In our opinion，The modern spirit of modernity through the West mainly includes secularity、individuality、Creativity、Five basic aspects of practicality and empiricalability。People become the subject in modern times means that these basic spiritual awakenings are different，Therefore, it is different from previous modern people。From a critical perspective，The establishment of these five basic spirit of modernity，It means the great achievement of modern liberation of the West，It also means its fundamental historical limit。

Smart Spirit。In Western Middle Ages，People are regarded as God's people，God's will is the basis of secular life，The value of life lies in the salvation that God's servants are promised to God，Go to the end of the life。In the pre -modern society，The theological world view always regards the world of the other side as the essential world and all the value of all values。to Hyundai，The superwriting divine world has completely collapsed，People recognize that there is no more overwhelming world and reality opposition outside the real world，The world is just this secular world。The ideological foundation of understanding life is returned to the land of reality，Not God, but the fundamental to the existence of a person itself。"The fundamental of people is the human itself" the modern slogan，It means that people are completely liberated from the overwhelming divine world。This is the key step that people understand themselves as the main body in modern times。Through Bet365 app download this step，Human rationality、Interest、Right、Desire, etc. The actual attributes of the restraint of religious theology have gained legitimacy，People really have their own reality，instead of negating its own existence attributes to meet the will of God or some abstract principle，Like "Stocking Heaven，Extinction of people desire "and other moral dogma。Nietzsche once called the process of secularization as the arrival of nihilism，Hedgger explains this process as the collapse of the world。They all talk about the establishment of the world of spirit of God and the World in modern times。The establishment of this secular principle without this secular principle，It is impossible to form the subjectivity of a modern sense，There is no modern。but，This secular spirit is in the process of establishing in the West，But with faith、The disappearance of lofty and great things，With the arrival of value nihilism。

individual spirit。If the secular spirit establishes the subjectivity of the person in the opposite meaning of the world，If the other person who gets the others get liberated，Individual spirit makes people liberate from the secular lowercase others，Modern subjectivity is further implemented to individual level。That is to say，Establishing people instead of God as a basis for the existence of God，The individual spirit further deconstructs various "uppercase people"，It will be used as an individual from the family、The rule of the concepts of surnames and grades is liberated，Established as the main body of existence with independent rights。People are not alive for the next life，No longer live for the reality。Each individual regards itself as its own basis for its own existence，The world is just his own self -development and self -realization。Individuals have independent rights，At the same time to independently assume obligations。This is the modern individual spirit。Hyundai is an individual -based self -ist and personalist era，Make the subject from being liberated from the Bet365 app download traditional society based on human dependence，Establish an independent of the individual。Of course，The so -called individual spirit or individual principle，It does not mean that personnel actually exists from others and isolated，Instead, I said modern，Individuals become the starting point and core of their own life，Become a narrative in the sense of existence。In modern economic theory and political theory，Economy and political citizens as the core category，It is the spiritual spirit of the modern individual's subjective manner in the theoretical category。Marx pointed out，This individual is the product of the disintegration of feudal society，On the other hand, the product of emerging productivity since the 16th century。Marx not only affirmed the establishment of modern individual's subjectivity，and point out the association between this individual's subjective spirit and social history changes，Social and historical foundation of individualism and self -interest，To understand the spirit of modern individual's subjective spirit to open up the direction of the existence of historical materialism。

Creative Spirit。Modern people understand themselves as reality promoters and creators，instead of passive existence。Modern subjectivity contains a creative spirit，Reality is understood as the creation process of the practical activity of the person，It is no longer free process or a fate theory process dominated by some mysterious power。Those with creative spirit are modern people。Under the leadership of creative consciousness，Such as competition、Innovation、Development、Leading、Open、Outlook、Struggle and other concepts，From macro narrative to daily life has become a keyword，and dominate people’s basic practical activities，Standards the value and meaning of survival。People understand the existence of life and the real world itself in accordance with creative concepts。The concept of pure external and pure freedom is completely Bet365 app download disintegrated，People live in the freedom and restraint brought by self -creation。Based on creative spirit and creative practice，Modern is the nature and society of human beings based on science and technology production and reproduction，and even the era of human beings of production and reproduction。Human beings have lived in the process of existence more and more，Nature of reality、Social and life itself is manifested as a conscious creative，Intermediaries that have been creative practice are no longer natural existence。It is in the sense of this artificial world，Modern essence is sometimes explained as escaping of nature。Although it is still in the natural material world，But the world that is essentially surpassed by nature，It has become the essential form of the world。In this process，People are produced according to human concepts，Also according to the concept of the object, the producer itself，People realize the humanized production of objects at the same time in materialized self -production，The world is becoming a materialized "human world"。This is the possible consequence of the spirit of modern creativity，Reflection on this possible consequence is exactly the ideological task we face today。

Practical Spirit。Former modern society that has not been understood as the main body，Ushemo's secular desire、interests and needs have not yet obtained legitimacy，Instead, it is covered and hidden in various names，Not being conquered in faith and benevolence，It is evaporated in the sense of feelings of sensibility。In this social life，Although there is also a practical relationship，But practicality does not become the basic existence consciousness，People have not regarded pragmatism as the fundamental principle of life。to Hyundai，People understand themselves as the main body of reality，With the establishment of the secular principles and individual principles，The pursuit of and satisfying its own physical desires gains legitimacy and becomes the basis of life value。bet365 Play online games Essence has become the utilitarian relationship with individuals as axis，Practical rationality becomes the basic principle of modernity，It has also become the basic manifestation of secular and individuality。Hyundai is the era of practical becoming doctrine，"useful is truth" to become the basic value orientation of modernity in the vulgar sense。In modern times，Tool rational and computing rationality replaced super -utilitarian beliefs、Moral and Aesthetic，Internal requirements of becoming practical and rational。People guide the practice of survival with the spirit of pragmatism，As the main body, all existences are regarded as a tool for achieving their own purpose、means to meet your own needs。From this，People between people have become naked "cash transactions"，"Human dignity has become exchanges value"，People live in the intendedness of cold self -ism。Hyundai is a secular、Pragmatism era of individual standard。Everything is calculated in worldly utilitarian relations。Survival is flexed to various calculations，practicality has become the inner soul of the spirit of the times，Of course, the spirit of rationality is one -sided into tool rationality。

Empirical Spirit。Compatible with practical spirit is an empirical spirit。Such as the so -called modern scientific rationality or technical rationality，Essentially that the empirical nature has become the basic principle of modernity，Modern subjectivity contains an empirical spirit。In religious beliefs and moral love，Or aesthetic understanding，The objective consciousness of the person grasping the object is not an empirical knowledge，Not the reflection and description of the object of the subject。These objective consciousness and the corresponding objectized activities are based on the actuality of transcendence of experience.，They believe it、Imagination、metaphor、symbol、analogy、Lenovo、Fiction and other methods In the real world, the construction beyond the bet365 live casino games real meaning space and value space，Promote the world from the real world of physical nature to transcendence of the human world。Beyond real belief、Benevolence and understanding，Empirical is not possible to become the fundamental principle。On the contrary，Surprise、Enlightenment and feelings have an important position，Therefore, it is full of mystery、virtue and poetic。to Hyundai，People are liberated from the overwhelming world，Look at the world with physical eyes and look at yourself，Empirical spirit has therefore become the basic principle of modern subjective spirit。Empirical not only requires experimental understanding methods，And required to have verified recognition results。Empirical science has become an absolute ideology。Not only superstition and ignorance are disintegrated in the requirements of empirical requirements，sacred、Mystery、Fun and poetic also lose value to varying degrees，The world is increasingly understood as a physical world organized in accordance with the principle of inevitability。The essence of consciousness is specified as an empirical understanding，The spirit is also one -sided into an empirical ability of reflection and reproduction objects。Behavior and understanding does not meet the objective laws、Science is unscientific to become the basic scale，People are regarded as the subject of understanding that can scientifically understand the world and effectively use scientific achievements。Hyundai is a scientific era with empirical science，Science and technology become the core element that constitutes modern ideology。So，Criticism of tool rationality of tools becomes the basic theme of Western modernity。

Smarkness、individuality、Creativity、practicality and empiricality have become the leading principles of the spirit of Western modernity。The achievements and dilemma of Western modernity are mainly about these five aspects.，Modernity Critic。Of course，Regardless of modern interpretation Bet365 lotto review or criticism，Nothing to stay at the level of this spiritual concept，Instead, it is necessary to penetrate the existence of social history。In our opinion，Marx's capital modernity Criticism laid the foundation of the existence of historical materialism for the criticism of modernity。Aversion and criticism through the social and economic foundation，Historical materialism profoundly reveals the historical conditions of the spirit of the western modernity、The historical achievements achieved and their own historical limit。Through this dialectical criticism，Historical materialism has laid the foundation for the opening of Chinese -style modern roads and building a new form of human civilization，and indicate the basic direction of abandoning the modernity of Western in the West。

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