In-depth reflection on the crisis of trust in autonomous bet with bet365
December 27, 2022 10:15 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" Issue 2560, December 27, 2022 Author: Li Ling Yang Ling

Autonomous bet with bet365 is an important development direction of future bet with bet365 technology。But there are currently concerns about the general acceptance of autonomous bet with bet365。These concerns include uncertainty about autonomous bet with bet365 safety and liability issues。What’s even more worrying is,Traffic accidents related to autonomous bet with bet365 are still happening。Media news reports on autonomous bet with bet365 traffic accidents,Also raises concerns about the safety and reliability of autonomous bet with bet365 systems。It can be said,There is still a major obstacle to people’s acceptance and use of autonomous bet with bet365: trust in autonomous bet with bet365。Although preliminary records show,The current accident rate of autonomous bet with bet365 is lower than that of manual bet with bet365,But the autonomous bet with bet365 system may still malfunction。If no remedy is provided,Will have a gradual but significant impact on trust。When trust decreases,Drivers may avoid using self-bet with bet365 features,Move to more manual bet with bet365 controls,This also means losing the social benefits achieved by autonomous bet with bet365。

The success or failure of the task will affect trust。When a task succeeds,Trust usually increases;And when the task fails,Trust will be reduced。This process of adjusting user trust to a value suitable for system performance,Referred to as "Trust Calibration"。When the user's trust level is not properly calibrated and is lower than the actual performance of the machine,Called "distrust";When higher than actual performance,is called "excessive trust"。The uncalibrated state has many disadvantages。Research findings,People will intervene more often on machines that are in a distrustful state,Resulting in longer working hours。Some researchers are based on the technology acceptance model and trust theory,Survey of factors influencing autonomous bet with bet365 intention among 552 drivers。The results show,Trust is an important determinant of intention to use autonomous bet with bet365,System Transparency、Technical skills and situation management skills have a positive impact on trust,And trust has a negative impact on perceived risk。The experimental study induced faults at two different autonomous bet with bet365 levels,Result after failure of fully autonomous bet with bet365,The subjects’ self-reported trust in autonomous bet with bet365 dropped immediately。But after the automatic bet with bet365 failed,When the subject is able to take over control of the vehicle to avoid danger,Trust has not declined。These studies have confirmed it from a positive perspective,Trust plays a vital role in users’ acceptance of autonomous bet with bet365。

The issue of trust is so important for autonomous bet with bet365,So much so that trust determines public acceptance and use of autonomous vehicles。Then,What is the specific content of trust in autonomous bet with bet365?Researchers consider trust from a multidisciplinary perspective,Definition of trust in autonomous bet with bet365 as: people’s attitude towards how autonomous bet with bet365 can help users achieve established goals in situations characterized by uncertainty and vulnerability。The degree of trust in new technologies often determines the speed of development of the corresponding technologies,Especially in various automation fields,Trust has become a decisive factor in people’s acceptance of automation。There are different subtypes of autonomous bet with bet365 trust。For example,Trust based on competence and trust based on integrity,is the trust subtype most relevant to autonomous bet with bet365。The former refers to the ability of autonomous vehicles to effectively perform bet with bet365 tasks,And while doing so,Ensure driver safety。The latter is that the behavior of self-bet with bet365 cars is transparent,Will not cause intentional harm through one’s own actions or omissions。Research findings,Both trust subtypes are degraded by experience with autonomous bet with bet365 errors,But the two trust types decrease at different rates。Competency-based trust decreases even more,And it can be found through structural equation modeling,People’s acceptance of autonomous bet with bet365 is mainly driven by capability-based trust。Research on subtypes of trust,Provides a window into how human drivers understand autonomous bet with bet365 errors,For "Trust Calibration"。

Researchers’ research on the relationship between autonomous bet with bet365 and trust has gone through three stages。The first stage is mainly to explore the differences in people’s trust when the vehicle breaks down。Study demonstrates using self-reported trust ratings,In highly automated mode and fully automated mode,Differences in trust between people under normal or faulty bet with bet365 conditions。Results found,In highly automated bet with bet365 mode,No significant difference between normal and fault tests,There are significant differences in fully automated mode。The second stage is to clarify the brain’s response to different scenarios during autonomous bet with bet365。When the vehicle encounters a complex environment,For example, an intersection without traffic lights,Participants have low trust in machines,Able to handle emergencies in a timely manner (high information processing capabilities)。However,While bet with bet365 in a safe manner,Participants demonstrated high trust in the machine,It will be impossible to take emergency action in time (low information processing capability)。At the third stage,It is to promote people’s trust in autonomous bet with bet365。Situational awareness can help drivers increase trust in autonomous vehicles。Researchers changed situational awareness through changes in verbal messages given to drivers,And high situational awareness conditions lead to significantly higher levels of trusting behavior。Therefore,Researcher proposed,Voice prompts with context awareness can be added to the experiment in the future,Used to analyze the brain’s response to autonomous bet with bet365。Also,As limitations or failures of the autonomous bet with bet365 system occur,Human drivers will lose trust,Prefer to take over control。Therefore,When the autonomous bet with bet365 system senses that the driver has lost trust,By proactive communication or handing control back to the driver,Autonomous bet with bet365 systems may foster better trust between people and vehicles。This also explains,For autonomous bet with bet365,Trust monitoring should be a very important technology,To support driver vehicle adaptability。

Currently,There are many research methods on trust in autonomous bet with bet365。For example,Carefully designed questionnaire interview for self-report measurement,Can be used to repeatedly measure people’s trust in the autonomous bet with bet365 process。A researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 drivers of the same brand of cars who have extensive experience in autonomous bet with bet365,And comprehensive interviews to understand their behavioral adaptations during use of autonomous bet with bet365、Mental models and trust。The results show,Their attitude towards autonomous bet with bet365 systems is very positive,Believe that drivers are generally engaged in secondary tasks during autonomous bet with bet365。However,They also proposed,Drivers still need to learn from experience,Determine relatively safe conditions for use,Avoid exposure to excessively dangerous situations。However,The disadvantage of questionnaire interviews is that they are more subjective,Possible limitations。These questionnaire interviews usually assume some scenarios and prerequisites。But,If you encounter the scene in the questionnaire,People often get overwhelmed in practice。

Researchers are also actively looking for other alternative physiological or behavioral indicators。For example,Some researchers use eye tracking technology,Assessing the feasibility of measuring driver trust in automated bet with bet365 through gaze behavior during highly automated bet with bet365,and validated by self-reported levels of trust in a bet with bet365 simulator study。The results show,There is a consistent relationship between driver trust in autonomous bet with bet365 and gaze behavior,Higher trust is associated with lower monitoring frequency during autonomous bet with bet365。In addition,There are also EEG indicators。For example,Lower frequency brain waves (alpha and theta) are dominant in more relaxed states and sleep,While higher frequency brain waves (beta and gamma waves) appear in states of greater excitement or stress。β wave/α wave ratio increases、The ratio of alpha wave/beta wave and theta wave/beta wave decreases or the relative ratio of gamma wave increases,Related to stress levels。When an individual needs to passively observe the positive scenario (the car is bet with bet365 smoothly on the highway) and the negative scenario (the same car is bet with bet365 erratically on the highway) of the self-bet with bet365 car,When traffic rules are violated,The beta wave/alpha wave ratio will increase。In the process of improving concentration,Higher gamma waves were also detected。

 No matter for the driver,Still for passengers、Pedestrians and other people involved in traffic,Autonomous bet with bet365 will subvert people’s daily life and transportation habits。In view of the trust issues currently faced by autonomous bet with bet365,Researchers and automation designers should explore additional trust promotion or restoration strategies,To fix trust issues caused by autopilot errors。After all,Trust may largely determine public acceptance and use of autonomous bet with bet365。

  (Author’s affiliation: School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University)

Editor: Zhang Jing
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