Current，The evolution of the origin and civilization of China is becoming a question that the common care of history and archeology。This problem is related to early Chinese civilization、Origin of the early state timely space characteristics，Therefore, it is very important。

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The country is the product that develops to a certain degree of civilization，It is also the elements of civilizations such as politics、Economy、Culture、Military and even administration、Management and other factors of factors' joint efforts。The aggregation of these elements，Class in the political country、Class differentiation and social integration are constantly evolving in dynamics。So，The emergence and development of the country and civilization is not synchronized，"Early China" and "Early Chinese Civilization" is the same。From the concept of the current academic world，"Early China" mainly refers to Xia, which was established in the Central Plains as earlier、Shang and other dynasty countries。This is the understanding of traditional historians such as Sima Qian，That is, Huaxia civilization is the three emperors and summer of the Central Plains、Shang dynasties and other dynasties are highly consistent。

but，A large number of archeological materials since modern times、The present life of ancient documents，Let us gradually recover、Learn from the historical memory and objective history of the past due to the lack of literature or historical memory，It allows us to look at the lack of historical documents and memory from a wider view。Although "early China" and "early Chinese civilization" have close contact in many aspects，But in connotation、There are important differences on the extension。"Early China" is the concept of a political country and the dynasty，It is related to the word "China" in the "He Zun" inscription in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，It is also related to the concept of "China" in books such as "Shangshu" and "Book of Songs".。So，Whether in ancient literature or golden text，Early "China" is the concepts related to the Central Plains dynasty and metropolis (Jingshi)。

"Chinese civilization" itself is a special concept，It represents a unified multi -ethnic country created by the people of all ethnic groups in my country from history to today's civilization evolution.。Its connotation except the earliest three generations of the country bet365 best casino games in the ancient Central Plains region，It also includes the vast area within the scope of China's national territory。Veterans in China、Complex terrain，The complexity of geography and ecological environment、Diversity constitutes different multi -nation、Multi -regional culture。Early Central Plains civilization and dynasty country，Development in the blending and penetration of this different regional culture，and play a core role in Chinese civilization。Differences and integration formed by the communication between different cultural factors，The diverse pattern of the current "Chinese civilization" is constituted，It has also formed the endogenous factors of the early Central Plains political state in the development of civilization。

The discussion of "Early Chinese Civilization" is based on a large amount of history and archeological data。Look from the archeological materials，As early as the Paleolithic period，Many areas of ancient human beings in many areas of our country、Breaking interest、Breeding。Neolithic period，The Yangtze River Basin、The Yangtze River Basin、Liaohe Basin，and the Sichuan Basin and Yunnan Plateau，Various ways have appeared、Cultural form and social organization form with high or low development。Discovery of a large number of prehistoric sites，Each regional culture is not a product of a single -line derivative or diffusion of a cultural single -line in a certain region，Instead of forming spontaneously in different regions、Development，and there are different degrees of differences and staged characteristics in the development sequence of civilization。

　　Early Chinese civilization has a common feature

Although the development styles of civilization development in various regions on the vast land of the prehistoric China、The features are clear，But still has many common features。

First，Self -lifelike and fusion。Each regional culture is not born by a specific regional cultural form，Most of them develop independently in various departments、Growth，There is a clear brand of your own regional ecological environment。Due to the characteristics of the inlandability of ancient China and the interoperability of the river basin，Civilization in each region is in the process of growth，Communication through different cultures、Mutual melancholy，Continuously get new cultural factors。For example，The north of Yanliao Cultural District、Northwest to southwest region，Formed is usually regarded as deserted by future generations、The sparse northwest half bet365 Play online games -moon -shaped zone，Due to its own district culture and its civilization elements incorporated into the Eurasian grassland cultural exchanges，It has great significance for the development of early Chinese civilization，It is also an important part of Chinese civilization。

Next，Consistent and endogenous。Most of the regional cultures are mainly produced by original settlement agriculture、Lifetime，and collect、fishing and hunting、Animal Husbandry, etc.。At the same time, its productivity is at the extremely low production level of the wood and stone tools，The remaining products are scarce。It produced two results: one，This agricultural settlement society dependence on land，A relatively fixed social organization form，and due to the safety of the land boundary and settlement of the land, internal agglomeration and coagulation。There are a large number of prehistoric ring sets with war defense and its heart.、Internal agglomeration layout is a significant manifestation。Its two，It makes the clan、The blood system of the tribe is increasingly strengthened，Adapt to it，Religious sacrifice etiquette with ancestor worship as the core，A transition from primitive religion to "ritual" in a long time。

again，The cultural center of gravity of flow。Due to the imbalance of regional cultural development，China on the Chinese land 6000-4500 years ago，Although there is a regional cultural development pattern like the "full star"，But there are still rising or relatively stable、The cultural center of gravity of each leading coquettish。For example, Hongshan Culture in the North，Yangshao Culture in the Yellow River Basin、Ma Jiayao Culture、Dawenkou Culture，Qujialing Shijiahe Culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River、Liangzhu Culture, etc.。The focus of these regional cultural focus is like the brightest star stay in the night sky，Forms the flashing and dazzling cultural scene of prehistoric Chinese stars。These prehistoric regional cultural center of gravity starts one after another，Make the former historical Chinese culture focus changing。

Last，Large -scale organization、Mobilization ability。Most of these regional cultural focus has strong social mobilization and organizational ability，There is a large scale or an ancient city in the degree of extent.，and large buildings、Altar, etc.。These activities not only need a lot of manpower、material resources，And need precise planning and special division of labor。This indicates，These early regional cultural Bet365 lotto review focus except for mobilization and organizational ability of the surrounding settlement population，There is a clearer social level layer，and a professional population with a certain level of knowledge，If a special priest group, etc.。In a specialized social division of labor、Social Management, and the latter of material forces such as city management, city and exquisite sacrifice ceremony，Hidden is the clue of the beginning of civilization。

　　Civilized center of gravity solidification produces early China

Around 4500 years away，There is a phenomenon worthy of attention: the regional culture mainly represented by Hongshan Culture and Liangzhu Culture is gradually weakening.，The political authoritarian mode mainly based on the Central Plains Longshan culture is unique，Become a dazzling star in the prehistoric Chinese regional culture。It is this extraordinarily lingering together，major changes in the ancient Chinese cultural pattern。It makes the cultural form of the Central Plains region become a new cultural center of gravity by absorbing other regional cultural factors，Under the pattern of "Moon Star Rare"，Showing unique cultural characteristics and dazzling light。Especially Longshan Culture is simple、Effective organizational and management features，and the large -scale mobilization and integration force of members of society，Gradually evolved out of the Central Plains dynasty country with the culture of the Erlitou culture。The regional cultural center of gravity moved from "Full Sky"，Stir out of the Central Plains Cultural Center under "Moon Star Rare"，Show an unprecedented conversion of prehistoric cultural structure。

From the perspective of archeological concepts，"Culture" and "Civilization" are different。The concept of "civilization" in the usual sense refers to the development of social organizations in material and spiritual culture to a higher degree of collection form，It represents the overall development level of the social behavior and natural behavior of this social organization。"Early Chinese Civilization" is the development of this material and spiritual culture to a certain degree of social collection form。The earliest Central Plains dynasty country or "early China"，The results of the accumulation and conversion of civilization accumulation and conversion formed by a certain height of the blending of multiculturalism。In the heart center of the cultural gravity that is continuously flowing on the prehistoric China，The height of this cultural development，Make it a regional civilization that is finally fixed to the center of Huaxia Civilization。

Bet365 lotto review At present, our usual understanding is，The beginning of the Xia Dynasty as the beginning of the early political state of the Central Plains，This undoubtedly has the basis for historical documents and myths。But whether it is early civilization or the development of political countries，There are processes from quantity to qualitative change。From the perspective of historical literature and myths，The Yu Shun era before the Xia Dynasty had a considerable degree of political civilization。In the past, we said that Chinese civilization has 5,000 years of history，The five emperors and three kings that started in the "Emperor" and "King" system in the Central Plains。According to relevant research speculation，In the sense of archeology, the "Emperor" and "King"，So it has exceeded 5,000 years so far。Discovery of Liangzhu Culture, which is about 5000 years ago，Makes us a step forward for our understanding of the origin of early Chinese civilization。Liangzhu Ancient City undoubtedly has various attributes of early regional countries。Although no metal products that are not found in Liangzhu culture are not currently found in Liangzhu culture、text system, etc.，But we cannot degrade the civilized connotation of Liangzhu culture for this。Liangzhu Ancient City、Large dam、Large altar、The exquisite jade ceremony itself proves，Behind these material culture，Hidden the social organization model and civilization symbol。Discuss "Early Chinese Civilization"，We can only grasp it overall，Grasp the main "civilization" logo，and from the table and inside，To understand the mystery behind it; on the other hand，Due to the long time of time，The incomplete features shown in archeological discovery，There are many unknown factors to be deepened。For example, a large number of exquisitely decorated jade ceremony unearthed from the Lingjia Beach cemetery from 5500-5300 years ago，Large 钺、锛 Social organizations and cultural connotations behind utensils，It is still difficult for us to make up how far it takes for its "civilization" process，But it must have a very mature social layering and a more complicated etiquette system background。So，When discussing "early Chinese civilization"，We should even use the "early maturity" of the civilization elements on the Chinese land as based on。

　　Huangdi image reflects historical memory

The Central Plains Longshan Culture and Erlitou Early State of the Central Plains of the Early China，The reason why it can continue and create the basic model of ancient Chinese political bet365 Play online games civilization for a long time，It is reasonable。In the fierce tribe war at the time，This advocates pragmatic，Israella Right、A political organization form combined with divine rights，The characteristics of the agricultural settlement settlement and fine production methods，and by absorbing、Advanced cultural factors that fuse the surrounding areas，A model civilization that forms a combination of integration and diversity on the land of China。Formation of Central Plains Political State，greatly shortened the prehistoric tribe、The process of the development of the tribe to "early China"，It also accelerated the development process of Chinese civilization。but，This process is still a process from volume to qualitative change。Its starting point does not start in the country of the Xiashang Dynasty，Instead, it was created by the social and political organizations that were active in the Central Plains earlier。

As early as the pre -Qin Zhuzi book，Legend of the three emperors and five emperors before the summer。"Historical Records" picking the old theory，List "Five Emperor's Benji"，The Five Emperors such as the Yellow Emperor before Xia as the beginning of China's political process and evolutionary process，It makes sense。This reflects the historical memory of the people recognized by the country of the Central Plains dynasty，and the worship complex of the Yanhuang tribe of "early China" and its opening。Yanhuang worship is not accidental，but the survival of the agricultural nation at that time、Development needs。Spring and Autumn to drop，Yi Xia nationality relations are unprecedentedly nervous，Huaxia people have a trend that gradually forms a unified nation by Zhuxia，And the vassal states are also condensed into a larger political entity in the merger war。During this period，With national and state recognition connotation、Chinese etiquette culture represented by the Central Plains Civilization，Become a Chinese nation、The spiritual connotation and aggregation flag of the country。Since then，Huangdi, etc., was highly valued as the "holy king" and "ancestor" of the Chinese nation.，and gradually develop into a vital composition element in the Huaxia nation identification and political identity。

time to the Han Dynasty，Huangdi as "the same ancestor" and "Huayi Communist Ancestor"，Gradually become people's more common understanding。Whether it is the beginning of Chinese civilization，Still the country、Origin of the nation，Both go back to the history of Yan Huang。"Historical Records" uses Huangdi bet365 live casino games as the first emperor Huaxia，and Vision with a broad country and national identity，The people of the "Five Party"，Huin Qin、Chu、The more the ancestors of the Huns, the more the ancestors of the Huns，Together with the history of the history of Huaxia Tongzu,，From this, the 5,000 -year -old civilization history of China, which starts from the five emperors and three kings。This open cultural vision，In fact, the historical outlook of "Chinese civilization" has been created。It regards both the political civilization laid by the five emperors and three kings in the Central Plains and the surrounding regions as the core element of the development of ancient Chinese civilization，Huaxia and Rong、Big、Yi、Di and other ethnic minorities merged into a larger civilized construction system with Huangdi as the core。From this sense，The historical height of the national identity and national identity reflected in the "Historical Records"，It is important to discuss "early China" and "early Chinese civilization".。

　(The author is a professor at the School of History and Social Sciences of Chongqing Normal University、blog director，Blog Director of History and Culture of Sichuan University)