The role of new literature on historius research，Full proof of more than 100 years。Four major discoveries from the historical materials of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China，By the 1970s, Ma Wangdui Book、Guo store brief、Shangbo Jian、Tsinghua Jian and other important findings，Whether in content or method，All greatly promoted research in various fields of early Chinese history。As an important document in the pre -Qin period，"Mandarin" research also expands in depth and breadth。

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Unexpected documents related to Mandarin，The earliest see the Western Jin Dynasty。"Jinshu" Volume 51 "Shuchi Biography" Cloud: "Two years of Taikang，Junjun people are not allowed to steal the tomb of King Wei Xiang，or Yan Anli Wangzu，Dozens of Books in Bamboo Book。"In addition to the important classics such as" Bamboo Books "and" Mu Tianzi Biography "in this group of Warring States Book of Warring States，"Mandarin" three articles，Yan Chu、Jinshi "。After entering the 20th century，new materials related to "Mandarin" have been discovered several times，Robbing can be divided into three categories。

1 is "Mandarin" and note text。The most clear thing in this kind of literature is the writing "Mandarin" and the pages of the remnant volume in Dunhuang，Donated by Japanese friends in 1997 to Dunhuang Research Institute。Another，The Warring States Bamboo Slip found in the cemetery found in Shiban Village, Cili County, Hunan，It has content similar to "Mandarin · Wu Yu"，The historical events I saw include Huang Chi League bet365 best casino games and Wu Yueba, etc.，The organizer believes that this discovery has proved the spread of "Mandarin" in Chu Di，Is the earliest "Mandarin" copy of the currently seen。

The second is to see each other with "Mandarin"、Literature that can participate in the certificate。Fuyang Han Jane is called "Spring and Autumn Period" in Fuyang Han Jane，Among them, the content of "Mandarin" and "Zuo Zhuan" each have two chapters，Writing is similar to Ma Wangdui "Spring and Autumn"，The organizer believes that it may be the selection of "Mandarin"。The "Wu Ming" published in 2008 records the historical events of Wu Chuxiong in the late Spring and Autumn Period，You can refer to each other with "Mandarin · Wu Yu"。Tsinghua Jane's "Vietnamese Public" published in 2017 records the process of destruction of Wu，Li Shoukui pointed out that its content is closely related to the "Mandarin" and "Yue language"，Most of the texts of the disabled can be supplemented according to the relevant content of "Mandarin"。

Third is bet365 best casino games the "language" literature that is similar to the style of "Mandarin"。Ma Wangdui Han Tomb Book "Spring and Autumn Events" records the historical events and remarks of the Spring and Autumn Period，Among them, the deeds are more common in "Zuo Zhuan"，Speaking is different from "Zuo Zhuan"。In Tsinghua Jane、Shangbo Jian、An Dajianzhong，There are also a lot of ancient historical articles in narratives，Ru Tsinghua Jane's "Mrs. Zheng Wu" and "Zheng Wengong asking Taibei" recorded two weeks and the history of Zheng Guo in the early spring and autumn，No see in the handed down literature，There are also content that can be added with books such as "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin"。

Jizuka Book from the Western Jin Dynasty，By the beginning of the 20th century, the four major discoveries such as Dunhuang documents caused by the Bet365 lotto review world，multiple major discovery since the 1970s，All new materials related to Mandarin，Its role in promoting the study of Mandarin is self -evident。

　　Mandarin and Note Organization and Research

Duzuzhu Book Book of Mandarin is the first discovered text of "Mandarin" in the handed down.。It can be known from "Jin Shu"，Three articles of "Mandarin" at the time of the scholar said，It is Jin related content of Zhushu and the "Mandarin"、Chu's related text comparison conclusion after comparison。So，Among the relevant historical books of the past，All regard it as a book of "Mandarin"。Qing Dynasty scholar Yao Zhenzong、Qin Rongguang also will also use the name "Three Articles of" Rita Mandarin "or" Mandarin "，Make up "Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi" and "Jin Shu · Yi Wenzhi"。Ming Dynasty scholar Hu Yinglin asked questions，Three articles "Mandarin"，Yan Chu、Jin (things)，Fear Fei Zuo's "Mandarin" also "。As for the reason，Hu Yinglin believes "" Jerns "，See the history of the country "梼杌" and "Spring and Autumn";。Push its logic，G ling thinks that related records are not seen alone in Mandarin，It is not unique to the history of the country "Spring and Autumn"。Hu's theory seems to be reasonable，But the judgment of the Jin Dynasty scholars who can see the original appearance of the bamboo book is obviously more credible。

Since the Han Dynasty，Although there are many people in the Mandarin，But as Song Yan's "Mandarin Music Sinity": "From Zheng Zhong、Jia Yan、Wang Su、Yu Fan、Tang Gu、Wei Zhaozhi，Treating its chapters and sentences，Note，Six Classic Liuya，Non -Fujun's Lun。Good Master Students from the remaining scholars cannot be victorious。Disorder of the World，Economic State Delivery，This book is interpreted by Wei in this book in the world，All the sees of the family Bet365 app download without surviving。Ran Guan Wei's narrative，With Zheng Zhong、Jia Yan、Yu Fan、Tang Gu's main and damage，Therefore, it is prepared and has a body，"In addition to Wei Zhao's note。"In addition to Wei Zhao's note，Other "Mandarin" between Han and Tang Dynasties is no longer existed。So，Dunhuang wrote "Mandarin" and injection scroll in the 1940s，It has its unique value。Although this residual volume only stores the text and a small amount of content of the text and note，Different speculations about the author，3524_3544，enables us to get a glimpse of the original appearance of the ancient note in the Tang Dynasty。Cili Jane "Wu Yu"、Shang Bojian "Wu Ming" and Tsinghua Jian's "Vietnam Public" and other articles，can also be surveyed compared with today's "Mandarin"，Solve several difficult problems in the study of the two texts。

　　Research on "language" literature

New literature helps us to better understand the nature and circulation of "language" literature including "Mandarin"。Test "Mandarin" itself，Chu Guo's famous minister Shen Shi once talked about the role of "language" to the king of Chuzhuang: "The language of teaching，Make Ming Qide，Knowing that the king's affairs use Mingde to the people。"Uncle Shen also talked about the use of" spring and autumn "," world "," poem "," ritual "," music "," order "," hometown "," trainee "and other to educate the children of nobles。Visible，These titles are books of a certain category，It reflects the characteristics and nature of intellectuals at the time of literature classification、Basic understanding of features。As a main source of data as the main data of the national file、Historical works with political reference as the main purpose，Mandarin's notes are very prominent，Naturally connect with bet365 best casino games the "language" literature in the unearthed literature。

Related materials in the unearthed simple，It provides an important reference for us to know bet365 best casino games the "language" literature and its relationship with "Mandarin"，Just as discussions on Tsinghua Jane's "Vietnam Public" articles。Li Shoukui thinks，Tsinghua Jane's "Vietnamese Public" chapter has a common historical source with "Mandarin"，Combined some historical materials in "Wu Yu" and "Yue Yu"，Language style with "language books"。Xiong Xianpin believes that its narrative style is more close to "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" and "Said Garden"。Another example，Qiu Xigui believes that the book "Spring and Autumn" is "Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi" in the spring and autumn home of "Duo's Micro";，is an authentic product of the early learning of "Zuo Zhuan"; Wu Rong once also believes that it is the results of "Spring and Autumn"; Zhao Zheng believes that it is an ancient book that is influenced by "Zuo Zhuan"; Belongs to the "Zuo Zhuan" system，It may be the 18th chapter of "Gongsun Gu" in "Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi"; there are also scholars regaining the old theory made by Liu Ye，I believe that "Spring and Autumn" is a kind of bottom book used in the compilation of "Zuo Zhuan"。I have discussed this，Proposal of "Spring and Autumn" may be a guess of the selection of "Mandarin"。can be seen，The understanding of the nature of the "Spring and Autumn Period" in the academic community can be described as a lot of opinions，The reason is that there is no exact evidence to prove the direct relationship between it and "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin"。

A comparative study of the literature of "language" and "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin" throughout the literature of the "Language"，It helps us to understand the relationship between the relationship and the early historical narrative method。If Yu Kai recognizes bet365 best casino games the discovery of the ancient book of the history of the history category, including bet365 best casino games the "language" literature，The basic appearance of understanding early historical writing、Passing the system and system features，and early historical literature dissemination and distribution mechanism，It has significant significance。Although this judgment may not be in line with "language" literature formation、Edit and circulating historical practical actual conditions，But it is also worthy of reference。

　　Promote the construction of "Mandarin"

Since the Book of Mandarin "，The collation and research of scholars of all ages has continued endless。Today, academic research is increasingly specialized，As a subdivision discipline，The construction of "Mandarin" can only be said to be just beginning。Although there are already scholars who have used the word "Mandarin" to learn，but did not clearly define its connotation and extension。

Simply speaking，The so -called "Mandarin" learning，It is a science based on "Mandarin" as the research object。Learning from Zuo Zhuan、"Book of Songs" Learning、The Analects of Confucius、"Historical Records" and other photos，It can include several aspects: the book and nature of "Mandarin"、Condition of compilation、Version source flow; comments of "Mandarin" in the past、Taking and research; Language of Mandarin、Literature、Thoughts and other special research; overseas communication and translation of "Mandarin"; comparison of "Mandarin" and related literature。New "Language" literature is directly related to "Mandarin"，Also similar to the nature of "Mandarin"，Organization and research of these documents，It is also an important part of "Mandarin"。Through the study in the above aspects，Make the system Bet365 app download of "Mandarin" in the new period more complete，The flow of "Mandarin" and its status and influence in Chinese academic and cultural history，There will also be clearer grasping。

　(This article is the "History of Mandarin" (15BZS065) in the National Social Science Foundation Project)

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Qufu Normal University)