■Utagawa Kuniyoshi: "Guan Yu, One bonus bet365 Heroes of Popular Romance bonus bet365 Three Kingdoms" Author/Photo provided

Ukiyo-e is a woodblock print popular among Japanese people during the Edo period (1603-1867)，Occupies an important position in the history of world art。Late Edo period，With the introduction bonus bet365，A large number bonus bet365 Ukiyo-e appeared in Japan。The main forms of these ukiyo-e include illustrations of Japanese translations bonus bet365、Independent brocade painting，Also scattered in the album、Like、Prints in game drawings, etc.。It’s worth noting，An artist who illustrates Chinese novels、Engraving skills are often unknown and unknown，These ukiyo-e painters are famous，And most of them are both writers and painters。They use ukiyo-e to represent Chinese novel texts、Embroidery and translation time，Advocates that popular books should also have an educational effect，At the same time，Efforts are also needed to make popular reading materials more elegant。

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In terms of image narrative，In addition to choosing the core plot bonus bet365, Ukiyo-e artists，Also focuses on presenting characters and plots that are considered secondary to Chinese readers。From the image they drew，You can also see traditional Japanese literature picture scrolls、The aesthetic taste of war scrolls。When showing specific plot，Ukiyoe painters often do not choose the most "gestive" moments of painting as emphasized by Lessing，Choose the moment of climax。If space permits，They will also explain clearly the ins and outs before and after the climax。For example，Hokusai Katsushika once illustrated "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin"，The entanglement between Sun Ce’s death and Yu Ji’s ghost、The story of Lu Zhishen’s rescue of Jin Cuilian and other plots are clearly described。

Ukiyoe painters are keen to express things that are new to Japanese readers、Special Chinese things。For example，Hokusai Katsushika when choosing novel scenes，For those things with narrative function，For example, Lu Zhishen’s uprooted weeping willow、The peach trees sworn by Liu Guan and Zhang, etc.，All given detailed characterization。Those things that are brushed aside or not represented in Chinese prints using freehand techniques，will also become the object of his detailed characterization。He is drawing Lu Zhishen, Yanmen County, Feng Jin Lao、When Tang Xuanzang watched lanterns in Jinping Mansion on Yuan Ye and other plots，The arch bridge is the center of the picture，Depicting the bustling city life，The Chinese novel text does not describe these scenes in detail。It can be seen from this，Ukiyoe painters depict scenes in bonus bet365，Also strives to convey to readers their understanding and imagination of Chinese cities。

In addition，Ukiyo-e often uses exaggerated contrast、Dynamic images highlight the vastness of China’s territory and the capabilities of its heroes，Use special colors and space division to strengthen the interlacing of time and space in the world of gods and demons。For example，Kong Ming’s formation、The plots such as Gongsun Sheng summoning wind and rain were rendered extremely mysterious by Ukiyoe painters。These imaginative depictions，Shows the painters’ understanding and re-creation of bonus bet365 novel texts。

From the perspective of bonus bet365 readers，Ukiyo-e creations are slightly lacking in authenticity，The narrative is also a bit complicated，The main plot is not outstanding enough。But this comprehensiveness、Vivid narrative，More information conveyed to Japanese readers，It also reflects the artist’s great emphasis on the narrative effect of images。

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When using images to express bonus bet365，Ukiyoe artist chooses through plot、Characterization、Sort characters、Describe the quantity、Write an introduction or title and postscript，Express their evaluation of the characters and their own values。Ukiyoe painters express bonus bet365，Most of them clearly advocate "promoting good and punishing evil"，There are clear standards of right and wrong，Emphasis on the educational function of images。

Ukiyoe painters prefer to depict the tragic moments before heroes die，This portrayal contains a tribute to the value of heroes。Although Ukiyo painting artists were bonus bet365 influenced by the orthodox historical view of the Shu Han Dynasty in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"，But still portray Dian Wei in detail、Gan Ning and other generals from the non-Shu Han camp。Because Dian Wei loyally protected the Lord and died in the enemy camp，After Gan Ning fell ill and went into battle, he was surrounded by crows to protect him，They are all loyal and brave representatives who do not care about their own lives。

Confucianism is also fully reflected in Ukiyo-e。The "machi culture" popular in the Edo period focused on secular people，This is consistent with the Confucian trend of affirming the value of "this world"。When the artist uses images to present bonus bet365，Fully highlights the affirmation of the value of life in bonus bet365。Utagawa Kuniyoshi launches Wu Yong、Shi Jin、Wu Song、After the images of Li Kui and Lu Zhishen，Very popular among readers。These warriors either fight tigers, kill enemies or capture thieves，Very different from traditional Japanese samurai paintings，Became a composition pattern in warrior paintings after that。In addition to the visual impact，These images also focus on portraying the image of heroes fighting bravely in the face of difficulties，Emphasis on the indispensable role of human subjective initiative in life，Exhibit positivity、The spirit of carrying forward the spirit of hard work。

In addition，By counting the number of bonus bet365 novel characters depicted in Ukiyo-e，Analysis of Embroidery Image Criticism、Character sorting and other factors，It can be seen that the creation of Ukiyo-e attaches great importance to virtues such as "loyalty", "bravery" and "wisdom"。Hokusai Katsushika、Utagawa Kuniyoshi and other painters portrayed Guan Yu the most in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"、Zhao Yun、Kong Ming and other figures。They often use comments such as "loyalty", "far-sightedness" and "fierce" in their comments on the single figure embroidery at the beginning of the volume，Characters who are opposite to this will use judgments such as "flattery" and "tyranny"。And the Ukiyoe cover、The most selected “famous scenes” such as brocade painting，Mainly the benevolence and righteousness of characters such as "Liu Bei rescued Kong Rong at Beihai", "Zhao Yun rescued Adou at Changbanpo" and "Liu Bei visited Kong Ming in the snow"、Zhongyong、image of humility。

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As a decorative art，Ukiyo-e is good at integrating multiple elements into images。Viewed from drawing elements，Ukiyoe artist aims to present bonus bet365 in a comprehensive and detailed way，Drawing materials from various Chinese and Japanese paintings，Except Ming and Qing prints、Japanese painted scrolls、Custom painting outside，There are also Buddhist paintings and sculptures of the Tang and Song Dynasties、Ming and Qing water and land paintings, etc.。

Ukiyo-e expressing Chinese novels，It is the artist’s re-creation based on the Ming Dynasty novels，There are unintentional and intentional cultural misunderstandings。The so-called unintentional cultural misunderstanding，From the artist’s understanding of China’s social class、Strangeness of folk beliefs, etc.。For example, when Katsushika Hokusai depicts Taoist characters，Depicting the Taishang Laojun in "Journey to the West" as the image of Bodhidharma，Depicting the Big Dipper in "Water Margin" as a group of gods that are both gods and Buddhas。Intentional cultural misunderstanding，The artist is based on Japanese cultural traditions、Buddhist Thought、The result of the transformation bonus bet365 such as Edo literary atmosphere。For example，Utagawa Kuniyoshi when portraying the heroes of Water Margin，Decorate their clothes with a large number of exquisite Buddhist images and Japanese ethnic patterns、Tattoo，To express the author’s aesthetic taste and praise for these characters。In the paintings of Utagawa Kuniyoshi，There is a Buddhist auspicious animal white elephant on Yang Zhi’s clothes，Zhang Shun has tattoos of maple leaves and cypresses，Duan Jingzhu has a tattoo of the image of the Japanese wind god, etc.。

These cultural misunderstandings prevent Ukiyoe painters from faithfully presenting the true colors bonus bet365，But it promotes its innovation in the art of painting to a certain extent，And bring about aesthetic proliferation。"An Examination of Modern Comparative Literature" by Yukihiko Nakamura、Pointed out in research works such as Takeda Tokuda's "Modern Japanese Novels and Chinese Novels"，Chinese novels at that time swept away the mediocrity of the Japanese literary world，Brings Japanese readers a novel experience that is different from local culture。As British scholar Angus Lockyer said，Hokusai gained spiritual comfort and emotional identification from the heroes in Chinese novels。Ukiyo-e artists use images to express Chinese novels，Often use dynamic lines、Beautiful and rich colors and various forms of patterns，This brings opportunities for their artistic innovation，Also brings new aesthetic connotation to Chinese novels。For example，Hokusai Katsushika、Utagawa Kuniyoshi’s later paintings，On the premise that the reader is very familiar with the content bonus bet365，The Three Kingdoms、Chu Han、Water Margin characters are exaggerated and transformed，Keep only their iconic features，Let readers identify。At that time, there happened to be a trend in Japan to rewrite Chinese novels into Japanese readers，Images and texts derive new narratives in their respective fields，Bring readers a rich aesthetic experience。

Edo period，Japanese citizens accept Chinese novels in a form that pays equal attention to pictures and texts or even mainly pictures。Through the graphic presentation bonus bet365，These Ukiyo-e paintings have greatly promoted the spread and acceptance bonus bet365 in Japan，At the same time，This kind of re-creation guides readers to understand Chinese novels、Utilize the aesthetic enlightenment function of literature, etc.，Also of great significance。

　　(This article is a phased result of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” planning project for the development of philosophy and social sciences in Guangzhou “Image Translation and Dissemination of Ming Dynasty bonus bet365 in Japan’s Late Edo Period” (2019GZGJ64)

(Author’s unit: College of bonus bet365 Language and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)