Well knows，Summer、Business、Wednesday generation is also known as the Bronze Age。At that time，"The major event of the country，Worship and Rong "。So，Casting as a bronze ritual and weapon，Naturally a big event。Casting bronze ware，First need bronze raw materials (copper material formed by smelting、tin and lead materials)。The source of the bronze raw materials of the three generations (hereinafter referred to as "bronze mineral source")，Since the science excavation of Yin Ruins in the 1920s，It has always been a question that scholars are deeply interested in but very challenging。Related to it is，Transportation of a large amount of bronze raw materials、Circulation is also an important question。There is a proper term in the Zhou Dynasty to describe the long -range transportation of bronze raw materials，It is called "Golden Dao Xixing"，That is the transportation gold (copper)、The route of raw materials such as tin。With the rapid development of Chinese scientific and technological archeology since the 1980s，The problem of bronze ore sources has hopes for solution，But still facing challenges on some key issues (such as the improvement of the isotope method of the isotope)。In view of the complexity of the bronze mineral problem，To solve this problem requires multi -disciplinary cooperation and the use of multi -method。Start from Jindao Xixing，It will undoubtedly provide an important angle and thinking。If the three generations of dynasties exist in Jindao Xixing (of course, the specific lines of raw materials may be different)，So there should be corresponding archeological relics or ruins along the area where Jindaoxingxing is along，There must be rich copper、tin and other mineral resources，This will reduce the scope of the mine sources。So，From this perspective，Whether Jin Dao Xixing exists，To a certain extent, the source of the three generations of bronze ore indirectly indicates the way。

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"Golden Dao Xixing" as bet365 best casino games a proprietary term，The bronze ware that was first seen in the handed down簠。The era of this device is early spring and autumn，There is such a sentence in the inscription: "Kedie (逖) Huai Corpse (Yi)，卬 (卬) 燮 (Yang)，Golden Dao Xixing，Ge Hebei (俾) Fang "(see Figure)。Due to Zeng Bo簠 is a handed down product，Some scholars have questioned whether the bronze is a genuine，The importance of its inscription is also greatly reduced。

Lucky is，Archaeological excavation of the Sujialong site in Jingshan County, Hubei，Make Zeng BoThe authenticity of 簠 is confirmed。M79 of the Sujia Moles Cemetery、M88 Two tombs each "Zeng Bo"2 pieces of pot，The inscription is exactly the same。Its content is read as: "Only King August，Zeng Bozhen (，Zeng Bozhen () Zhe Sheng Kong Wu，Kong Wuyuan，Keyai Huaiyi。... Children Yongbao。"(Fang Qin, etc.:" Hubei Jingshan Sujialong Ruins Archaeological Harvest "，"Jianghan Archeology" 2017, No. 6)

Comparison Zeng BoPot and Zeng Bo簠 The inscription，Not only the name of the owner，and font、The tone is also very close，There are also sentences of "Keyao Huaiyi"。So，We can think，The handed down Zeng Bo簠 Real and reliable，This also sits the reliability of "Golden Dao Xixing" as a proprietary term for the Zhou Dynasty。More importantly，This proprietary term of Jin Daoxing has unveiled an important in the Bronze Age、Historical facts that are easily ignored，is for the three generations of dynasties，Bronze raw materials have long -distance transportation，and formed a rough fixed transportation lane。

Three generations of dynasties cast a large number of bronze wares，So for these dynasties，Its copper、Can tin raw materials be obtained within the scope of direct control (ie Gyeonggi and surrounding areas)? The appearance of the term "Jin Dao Xixing"，indicates at least early East Zhou Dynasty，Some raw materials of the Zhou Dynasty need to be obtained through Golden Dao Xingxing long -distance。So，Can this proprietary term be used in the three generations? Since the territory and economy of the three generations of dynasties、Various political situation，Therefore, you need to separate this problem。

　Xia Dai may exist in Golden Road

"Zuo Zhuan" Xuangong three years of download: "The Fang of the past bet365 live casino games Xia Youde also，Far pictures，Gongjin Jiu Mu，Casting Dingxiang。"" The words "Far Map" and "Gongjin Nine Mu" in this sentence，It can be seen from the eyes of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty，The matter of "tribute (copper)" from Kyushu (Nine Mu) "in the Xia Dynasty is existing，and bronze raw materials are transported by long -distance。That is to say，The Xia Dynasty may exist in Jin Dao Xixing。

"Shangshu · Yugong" (compiled into a book in the Warring States Period) is considered a classic work in the pursuit of Xia Dynasty's economic geography。This article mentioned that "Jingzhou" and "Yangzhou" both triggered "Jin Sanpin" to the Xia Dynasty (Jin Sanpin is a metal of three colors，Finger copper、tin and bronze alloys)。"Jingzhou" and "Yangzhou" range，It is roughly the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River today or a little larger。visible，From the perspective of the Warring States，Copper、tin raw materials are special products of "Jingzhou" and "Yangzhou"，Catch the Xia Dynasty tribute。Xia Daidu City is in Heluo and nearby regions，From the perspective of distance，Bronze raw materials are used as tributes through Golden Dao Xishang Cabon。

One of the pioneers of China Lead isotope archeology, Jin Zhengyao, 62 bronze wares of the two miles, has done a lead -isotope ratio detection，It is believed that the origin of the lead material in the four phases of Erlitou (equivalent to the late Xia Dynasty) may be located in the Shandong Peninsula and the Liaodong region ("The Natural Science Research and the Summer Civilization Exploration of the Bronze of the Erlitou"，"Cultural Relics", No. 1, 2000)。According to his research，The Shandong Peninsula is far away from the Erlitou site (the Wangyu area of ​​the Xia Dynasty)，Liaodong region is more far away，This indicates that the Xia Dynasty may have a long -distance Golden Tin Xing。

　The main generation of Shang is mainly tin transportation

Shang Dynasty, especially bronze casting during the Yinxu period，reached the first peak of the Bronze Age。The territory of the territory of the early stage of the Shang Dynasty (centered on Zhengzhou) and the late period (centered on Anyang) changed quite a lot。So，Bronze ore sources are more complicated than Xia Dai。

The sources of the bronze mine in the Shang Dynasty Bet365 lotto review are greater，Generally speaking，Divided "Central Plains" and "Southern Word"。"Central Plains" believes，Copper and tin ores should be existing in the Gyeonggi of the Shang Dynasty and can be directly dominated.。"Southern Say" thinks，The tin of the Shang Dynasty、Copper materials, etc., should be mainly derived from the Yangtze River Basin or Lingnan area。What needs to be proposed is，The Yangtze River Basin includes the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which is far away from the Gyeonggi -Southwest region。，The first discovery of the bronze in the Shang Dynasty contains high radioactive abnormal lead，The "Southwest said" with a great impact is proposed。But in a speech in the past two years，His view of "Southwest Story" seems to have changed。）

I am in the "Source and" Golden Tin Xing "of the Shang Dynasty in the field of science and technology and archeological vision (" Golden Dao Xingxing "(" Chinese Social Science ", No. 5, 2013)，From science and technology archeology、Ancient literature、Mineral Geographical and Archaeological aspects of comprehensive investigations on the source of tin sources in the Shang Dynasty。I think，Gyeonggi and its surrounding areas in the Shang Dynasty are copper ore、Diversity of Leading Mine (such as the foundation in the Jinan Mining Area in recent years, it has been discovered by thousands of golden rakes、West Wubi and other summer business sites in the summer and business periods)，So copper、Lead materials may not all enter from the south。but，Shanxi, Henan and its surrounding provinces、Shaanxi、Hebei and Shandong，Lack of tin ore with mining value。Where，Some provinces have tin ore，But the number is very small，And all of them are small ore points，Not enough for the large amount of tin needed for the supplier's dynasty。So，The source of the tin of the Shang Dynasty should be found outside the Central Plains region。In other words，At least the tin of the Shang Dynasty may still need a long -distance input，Jiangxi and Hunan are most likely to be the source of tin sources of the Shang Dynasty。Another，I proposed，Jindao Xingxing of the Shang Dynasty may mainly transport tin，Copper materials are just transported by the way。

　Western Zhou Dynasty Jindao Xixing becomes diversified

Western Zhou Dynasty as a part of the west of the West，Defeat "Dayi Shang"，Established a seal -sealing dynasty。Because its capital is distributed in Zhouyuan (Baoji)，Zong Zhoufeng、Hao Liangjing (Xi'an) and Cheng Zhou Luoyi (Luoyang)，So，The source of its bronze raw materials may be more diversified than the Shang Dynasty。Limited to space，We mainly analyzed the Jindaoxingxing may exist in the south of the Zhou Dynasty。

First，The unearthed bronze inscription implies the existence of Jindao Xixing。1970s，Zhou Yuan site Baijia Village, Binjia Village, Bronze, "History Wall Disk"。There is an inscription 284 words in this disk，Among them, there is "Lu Lu Shao (Zhao) King，GuangChu Jing，隹 (only) 寏 south line "。Qiu Xigui thinks，"寏", "Guan" sound near，"Wei Yannan" means "only the south line"，refers to the road that runs through the south。He then pointed out，One of the important purpose of Zhou Zhao's conquest in the south，It is a road to plunder metal from the south。("Explanation of History Wall Pan"，"Cultural Relics", No. 3, 1978) In other words，The motivation of Zhou Zhao Wang Nanzheng is to open the channel of the Southern Golden Dao Xingxing。

2，The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River may be the Zhou Dynasty copper、One of the main mineral sources of tin raw materials。For tin，Gyeonggi of the Zhou Dynasty is in Shaanxi and Henan，According to the literature、Archeology culture and mineral geographical，Hunan or Jiangxi should still be one of its main sources of tin，This is similar to the Shang Dynasty。Another，West Liaoning and Ganqing are also worth noting。According to the investigation of scholars such as Li Yanxiang，West Liaoning discovered the mining relics of Shang and the Western Zhou Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty，such as the tin ore ruins such as the Kashkoton Banner。There is also a certain tin ore existing in the Ganqing area。

For copper，According to scientific and archeological and metallurgical archeological results，It can be inferred，The southern Hubei and southern Anhui regions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should be one of the important supply sites of the Zhou Dynasty。Yu Yongbin and other scholars conducted some bronze Bet365 app download wares unearthed from the Zhou Cemetery of Yejiashan West Cemetery, Suizhou。Discover，Data ratio of the lead isotope of Zeng Guo Tong (ingredients is tin bronze)，Tongling, Anhui with the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River、Jiangxi Ruichang、Ancient smelting relics or lead -off -parts data of the ancient smelting relics or copper mines of Jiangxi Tongling and Daean Copper Green Mountains are overlap，The data of copper materials in the ancient mining area of ​​Daemeng Copper Green Mountain is closer。Another，This article combines the proportion of lead -off -part isotopes of Zeng Guo copper ware with the Western Capital Castle (such as Cheng Zhou、Feng Hao and Zhou Yuan) The lead -isotope data unearthed from copper wares is compared，It is found that there is also a certain degree of overlapping ("Research on the Study on the Research on the Leading Pymatic ratio ratio of Bronze in Yejiashan"，"Southern Cultural Relics" 2016 No. 1)。These research results indicate，The source of some copper materials of the copper ware of Zeng Guo is consistent with the Zhou Dynasty，And some copper materials should be from southeast Hubei and southern Anhui region，Zeng Guo should be an important transit station for transporting the southern bronze raw materials to the Zhou Dynasty。

third，Golden Dao Xingxing in the south of the Western Zhou Dynasty。According to the above analysis of tin and copper，Golden Daoxing in the south of the Western Zhou Dynasty may have two main roads，Jin Daoxing, which passes through Jiang Han and the Jin Dao Xixing passing through Jianghuai。

Golden Dao Xixing between Jianghan is roughly as follows，Copper from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River、tin raw materials，Along the east of the Hanshui and the Zao Zao Corridor (Zeng Guo, which is located in the jujube corridor，Some bronze wares unearthed in recent years，It has clearly stated that Zeng Guo has "Junyai Huaiyi、The role of Jiangxia "and maintaining Golden Dao Xingxing)，Passing Nanyang Basin，Arrive in Luoyang or Xi'an; or cross Tongbai from southeast of Hubei -some pass (including but not limited to "Yiyang Three Pass")，Jingyang or its county and city，Arrive in Luoyang。Jindao Xingxing between Jianghuai is relatively simple，Bronze Bet365 lotto review raw materials produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River along the river to southern Anhui，North Crossing the Yangtze River，Over -reaches of the middle and upper reaches of the Jianghuai and Huaihe River，Then transport it to Luoyang and Central Plains。

(This article is the exploration of tin sources in the Metropolitan Metallurgical Area of ​​the Chinese and Western Zhou Yangtze River in the Western Zhou Dynasty "(2015M580976)、National Social Science Foundation Major Project "Zhou Dynasty Hanhuai region bronze and history、Comprehensive Geographic Organization and Research "(15ZDB032) phased results)

(Author Unit: Chu Cultural Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Social Sciences、Institute of Science and Technology Heritage and Cultural Heritage of Beijing University of Science and Technology)