The Qing Dynasty martial arts was a system that passed the test to choose from，corresponding to liberal arts sciences，All have the functions of taking scholars。But，Martial arts and liberal arts sciences are similar to，Except for the different test content，The system's intention is even more different。If the liberal arts is designed to select true talents，Martial Arts Arsenal is more important to control the society outside the selection。The Qing Dynasty martial arts move along the Ming Dynasty martial arts system，Formulate the corresponding examination regulation、Establish contact with the military system、strengthened the rule of imperial power，But because it is impossible to adapt to the modern military change bureau，It is finally abolished。

Establishment of the Wushuke system of the Qing Dynasty。In the Qing Dynasty martial arts inherited and developed the Ming Dynasty martial arts system。Ming Dynasty Wuju began in eight years tomorrow，Ming Xianzong ordered "the world's civilian officers to hold the method of Xiao military、Conspiracy Outstanding，Provincial provinces、Press、Three Divisions，Zhili Tour according to the Royal History Exam "，The content of the test is "Shuaifu Test Policy，Testing the Horse of the Education Village "。Chenghua fourteen years，The Ming Dynasty also stipulated that "Wuke Township、Will try，悉，Established a two -level test system for martial arts。Four years in Chongzhen，Emperor Chongzhen ordered the martial arts "Temple Test Biography，悉，Set the Wuju Hall Test。The people who participated in the martial arts test in the Ming Dynasty were Bet365 app download mainly children of the guards of the guards，This system can be regarded as part of the Ming Dynasty military system。

After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the order is stable as soon as possible，Select the inheritance of the Ming Dynasty。Fan Wencheng suggested to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, "Governing the world in the heart of the people，Shi Xiumin，Should be widely search for it "，So the Qing Dynasty was soothable，inherited the Ming Dynasty's martial arts system，In the first year of Shunzhi, the provisions "Wushu will try in Chen、戌、Ugly、Unpaid，Try to Zixiang in Wuxiang in each province、Noon、卯、酉 Nian "，Admission quota refers to the Ming Dynasty regulation。

The Qing Dynasty further developed the Ming Dynasty martial arts system，The most important measure is to set the Test of Wusheng Tongs in Fuzhou County。The Ming Dynasty martial arts system was mainly selected among the children of the guards of the guards in the military officer to participate in the martial arts test，No direct relationship with the people of Fuzhou County，The test level is only two levels of Wako Township Test and the Association Test。The literati Ye Mengzhu pointed out，Those who participated in the martial arts examination in the Ming Dynasty，"Those who originally belonged to the military and did not just learn books，Ji Wu Jing，Learning Bow Horse，Chinese style is martial arts，Nothing is still Qimin Er，Nothing to say that martial arts also "。Regulations for the early years of the Qing Dynasty in the Shunzhi，"Zhili and martial arts，Zhao Wensheng Child Example，Supervisor Three -year Test "，Later, it was clear that Wusheng admitted "20 people in the government to learn 20，Fifteen stations in Dazhou County Notes，Twelve places in Zhongzhou County Notes，Xiaozhou bet365 best casino games County Dingding Seven、eight "。"Wusheng" is promoted in society as a new title，And the Wu Shengtong test in Fuzhou County also test with Wuxiang、Wuhui Test together constitutes the test system corresponding to the liberal arts department。

The purpose of the Word of Martial Arts in the prefecture and counties of the Qing Dynasty was to expand the basis of the rule of imperial power。The imperial examination system is an important way for vertical flow of traditional society。but，ordinary people of the Ming Dynasty can only go to the career through liberal arts，Participating in the martial arts examination belongs to the privilege of the children of the health center。The Qing Dynasty will be open to the people of the prefecture and counties in the Qing Dynasty，Many people who are not in the text of the sciences，You can choose a martial arts as a way out，Then strengthens the sense of recognition of the imperial power。Yu Shi Yu Guo pointed out，Martial arts in various schools to change martial arts。This reflects the channel for the martial arts examination system to broaden the channel of society。

Qing Dynasty martial arts test regulations。Qing Dynasty martial arts examination levels are divided into martial arts test、Wuxiang Test、Level 3。Martial arts trial in Fuzhou County，Candidates get the name of martial arts after passing the assessment。Wuxiang Test for the Selection Test of a Wusheng member of a province，Those who get the name of the martial arts in the test。Wuhui Trial is the province's martial arts who enter Beijing to take the exam，The person who selected needs to take the martial arts test in the Forbidden City，Determine ranking，Get the name of Wu Jinshi。

The contents of the exam content of the Wudi Railway of the Qing Dynasty are divided into the internal and outer field。Internal bet365 best casino games test candidates' cultural level，Examination content repeatedly adjusts before the Qing Dynasty。The content of the Ming Dynasty test was used in the Shunzhi period，Taking "The Seven Books of Wushu" as the scope test theory。During the Kangxi period, the question scope of the "Seven Books of Wu Jing" was deleted，Join the Analects of Confucius and Mencius。During the Jiaqing period, no more examination strategy，Change to the silent writing "Seven Books of Wushu"。After that, the content of the internal exam has not changed again。

Outdoor field is the focus of the Qing Dynasty martial arts test，It is also the main basis for candidates，Divided into riding shooting、Step Shot and Skills。Riding and running a horse running target，Step shot is fixed shooting target，Both of them are based on the number of arrow targets as the assessment standard。Skills are divided into stretch bows、Three items of Da Shi and Dance Knife，Mainly examine。

The biggest feature of the Qing Dynasty martial arts exams is to focus on bow horses and horses，The internal exam is in the form，The Qing government explained to this as "the choice of the preparation of the preparatory camp" for this。This measure has broaden the selection scope of military officers，But the content of the test content and military skills and battlefield commands of the martial arts、Army management, there is no direct relationship，The person who selected cannot serve the needs of the war。In fact，The deep intention of the martial arts exam is to be in a stable society with the people of the civilians and martial arts。Zeng Guofan explicitly pointed out，"Shanze Kamki，Luo Zhi is the imperial examination，So the choice of Chu Mai Qiancheng，To the same time when "。

The association between the martial arts and military system of the Qing Dynasty。The military system of the Qing Dynasty consists Bet365 lotto review of two systems: Eight Banners and Green Camp。Among them, the Eight Banner Army as an armed force established before the Qing Dynasty entered the customs，The foundation of the country。Green Camp originated from the end of the Ming Dynasty surrender force，Therefore, the status is lower than the eight flags。But the number of green camps is more than eight flags，There are about 600,000 people in the Green Camp，Eight Banners only about 200,000 people，And the middle and lower military officers of the green camp are mainly selected from its internal system。Visible，Regardless of whether the relationship between the Manchu or the army is concerned，All need to strengthen the imperial power。Therefore，In the Qing Dynasty martial arts, it became one of the ways of imperial power to control the people's affairs of the green camps，The Qing government has formulated a charter of the Martial Arts for this purpose。

The Qing Dynasty was selected as a martial arts in accordance with the meritorious level of martial arts。Among them, the junior is selected as a guard。Regulations for the Yongzheng period，Martial Arts "One A one，granted as first -class guard; two names、Three names，granted a second -class guard。Select ten in the second place，All teach as third -class guards。Sixteen Selection，All granted the Guard of Lan Yan "。For the general guard's office, three years later, the second -level mid -level green camp military officer。

The Qing government stipulates that martial arts people generally enter the army to study for a while，"Let this way look at its material skills，Xiao Xi Yingwu，Test the Test of the General Example of Full Thousands of Family，distribute other provinces，Encountering Qianjian missing，Imampan to replenish "，is selected and awarded bet365 best casino games the Green Camp low -level military officer with a grade of thousands of total levels。As for martial arts，The Qing government has no special selection mechanism，Only stipulates that Wu Sheng can voluntarily join the army，As ordinary soldiers，Then promote it step by step。

The martial arts selection official mechanism established by the Qing Dynasty，Realized the control of the right to the personnel rights of the military officers of the green camp，Achieve the effect of centralization，Reflecting the connection between martial arts and military systems。But it is worth noting that，The Qing army's military officer did not take the martial arts as the weight，"Draft of the Qing Dynasty" mentioned that "the martial arts is born as the right way，Subjects of the subject "。Zeng Guofan also holds skepticism for the selection of martial arts in the martial arts.，Think "want to make the material of Tao Zhi must enter here，Extremely alternative，Chen Cheng dare not dare to use self -confidence "。

Inherited and further developed the Ming Dynasty martial arts system，Established a set of test system for selecting martial arts。The system of Wu Kendo in the Qing Dynasty is determined not to screen out the talents directly serving the military，Instead of broadening social circulation channels、Cover the Social Strong Liang，Expand the foundation of the people ruled by imperial power。At the same time，Emperor power has grasped the personnel right of the green camp military officer through the martial arts。

But the misalignment of the martial arts of the Qing Dynasty and the selection of talents made it unable to adapt to the military reform under the late Qing Dynasty。After the Opium War, China began to carry out military change。But，The martial arts system as a means of dynasty governance，Always cannot resonate Bet365 app download with the same frequency as military innovation。1901，The Qing government ordered the "Later Wusheng Tong Test and Wudo Township、I will try to stop forever "，It marks the process that Wudo cannot integrate into the establishment of a modern military system，Finally withdrawn from the stage of history。

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(Author Unit: Marxism College of Guangdong University of Finance and Economics、South China Business History Research Center)