Since the 20th century,Chinese bet365 games continues to move forward,Continuous influence on literary theory and literary creation。Although Chinese bet365 games discourse was influenced by Western learning after the "May Fourth Movement",But traditional Chinese literary theory resources still play an important role,And become an important dimension in constructing a critical system。
Traditional bet365 games theory resources and Marxism
bet365 games has had a distinct history since its inception、Society、Political orientation。After the Renaissance,Although the "non-utilitarian" aesthetic standard is gradually becoming popular in the field of Western bet365 games,But its drawbacks also follow it。bet365 games is top-down,Still bottom-up,This is a personal carnival after all,Still follow public reason,Causing a long discussion。With the birth of Marxism,This question has been answered。The starting point of Marxist bet365 games theory is literary practice,Pursue the integration of historical rationality and aesthetic judgment in terms of evaluation standards。The typical example of this is Marx、Engels vs. Mar. Harkness、Min Kautsky、Paul Ernst、Guidance from writers such as Ferdinand Lassalle,And Shakespeare in correspondence with these writers、Schiller、Comments by writers such as Balzac。
At present,The article "Big Classmate" published in the "Global Gazette" in February 1899 is the earliest document that introduced Marx and his thoughts to China。Afterwards,Soviet Russia、Japan is the intermediary,Scholars have gradually introduced the basic concepts of Marxist bet365 games into China,For example, "Literature and Present Russia" translated by Zheng Zhenduo、"Talks about New Russian Art" translated by Wang Tongzhao、"The Recent Situation of Japanese Literary World" by Chen Wangdao、"Off-campus Education and the Proletarian Cultural Movement" translated by Qu Qiubai、"Russian Literature and Revolution" translated by Shen Yanbing, etc.,They all played a foundational role in the dissemination of Marx’s classic texts and thoughts in China。1932,Qu Qiubai systematically introduced Marx’s classic literary and artistic discussions to China,Some critics start from the inherent demands of bet365 games,Convert materialistic thoughts、Proletarian concept、Introducing criticism into mass consciousness。
Early 20th century critics represented by Lu Xun often have the above characteristics。Although some of them deny traditional culture on the surface,But the spirit of traditional culture is the eternal gene in their bodies。Mao Zedong mentioned Lu Xun many times in his "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art" (hereinafter referred to as the "Speech"),This article was published on October 19, 1943, the seventh anniversary of Lu Xun’s death,The editor's note at the time stated that the article was published "in memory of this greatest and most heroic flag-bearer of the Chinese Cultural Revolution"。Since then, Lu Xun’s position in the history of modern Chinese literature has been further consolidated。Today’s view,Lu Xun played an intermediary role between modern bet365 games and ancient bet365 games,The "traditional discourse" unique to China is hidden in it,Making it a prominent representative in China’s modern mainstream bet365 games system。Or,The ancient tradition of "carrying the Tao"、Lu Xun、There is a subtle logical relationship between the three in "Speech",Lu Xun is the intermediary,Ancient tradition is the source,"Speech" is the driving force。With the help of studying and admiring Lu Xun,The modern mainstream bet365 games discourse is formed。
It can be said,Mainstream Chinese bet365 games in the 20th century "for life" from the May Fourth period,To the theoretical advancement of serving "the broadest masses of the people" in "The Speech",Essentially, it still continues the traditional idea of "carrying the Tao"。This aspect illustrates the tenacious vitality of Chinese traditional literary and artistic concepts,On the other hand, it also stems from the internal consistency between the Marxist "practical view" and the "Tao"。The essence of practice is to start from reality,And serve reality。In class society,The purpose of practice always serves the direction of advanced productivity。Actually,The Lu Xun tradition in mainstream bet365 games、To the spirit of "Speech"、Attach importance to the social effects of literature and art,It is a dialogue with the spirit of ancient Chinese bet365 games,This also constitutes the Chinese face of Marxist bet365 games。
Traditional bet365 games resources and realism
With the convening of the First bet365 games Congress (1949) and the Second bet365 games Congress (1953),On the basis of vigorously promoting socialist literature and art,The influence of "Speech" is wider。At the first bet365 games conference,Mao Dun summarized and reflected on the bet365 games and artistic situation in the ten years before the founding of New China,Zhou Yang summarized the achievements and experiences of the liberated areas since the publication of the "Speech",Made a report entitled "New People's Literature and Art"。Compared to Mao Dun’s report,Zhou Yang’s report paid more attention to “national” and “folk” bet365 games and artistic traditions。
At the Second bet365 games Congress,Zhou Yang’s report on “Struggle to Create More Excellent bet365 games and Artistic Works”,Speaking bluntly: "New literature and art cannot be developed apart from the national tradition,Only when it properly absorbs the essence of its own national heritage,Only then can it truly become the people’s”,Oppose the "rude attitude" towards national heritage,Also oppose the conservative style of "sticking to the rules"。Another contribution of Zhou Yang’s report is the emphasis on “typical” issues,The report reflects on the common conceptualization and formulaic situation of bet365 games creation in the early days of the founding of New China,And use Marxist thought as the theoretical basis,A good combination of academic rationality and politics。It can be said,His report, together with his 1956 article "The Task of Building Socialist Literature", reflected on the mechanistic errors existing in bet365 games and artistic creation to the greatest extent,Provides a reference for the healthy development of literature and art in New China。
From an academic perspective,Literary and artistic creation in the early days of the founding of New China、The basic guiding principle of bet365 games is realism。Under its influence,Typical issues and image thinking issues have become the two wings of Chinese literature and art,Classical literary and artistic concepts and conceptual terms have another chance to revive。Let’s look at typical problems first。After Zhou Yang,Cai Yi、Wu Zuxiang、Feng Wenbing and others may directly enrich the theory,Or expand the scope of reference,Expand its influence。Discussion around typical,Many areas of classical art criticism have begun to gain new qualities。For example, articles such as "Miscellaneous Talks on "Ideological Conception"" and "A Preliminary Exploration of Typical Concepts" explain each other between typical examples and artistic conception。Today’s view,Although these comparisons are slightly far-fetched,But with the help of typical promotion, the artistic conception is revitalized。Discussions on typical issues,Continued until the mid-1980s,Most literary and art theory researchers and aesthetic researchers have participated in it,The terminology and principles of ancient art criticism have also gained a chance to survive。
Next, let’s look at the borrowing of classical resources on the issue of image thinking。Similar to "typical",The issue of "image thinking" was an explicit discourse that spanned the Chinese bet365 games scene from the 1950s to the mid-1980s。The breadth of its influence、Many participating scholars、The long historical span has left a strong mark in the history of contemporary Chinese literary and art theory。The end of 1977 to the beginning of 1978,"People's Daily" and "Poetry Magazine" and other newspapers have successively published "A Letter from Chairman Mao to Comrade Chen Yi on Poetry",Xin Zhongbi、Xing is connected with image thinking。After publication,Has a great impact on the academic world,Scholars have expressed their views on image thinking,For example, Cai Yi has articles such as "The Bixing of Poetry and the Logical Characteristics of Image Thinking" and "The Method of Poetry and the Logical Characteristics of Image Thinking",Zhu Guangqian also said bluntly in the 1979 revised edition of "History of Western Aesthetics",After reading this letter, “The sulking feeling that I had been holding in for more than ten years suddenly cleared up”,This shows that,The impact of this mainstream discourse on the literary and art circles。
1980s,For the purpose of establishing a complete discipline system,Literary Studies、The discipline of aesthetics is gradually being taken seriously,There was an “aesthetic craze”。It can be said,“Image thinking” is a participant in the aesthetic craze,Also the builder of this trend,The "image" research that emerged from the mid-1980s to the 1990s is a contemporary variation of this trend of thought。Actually,It is precisely because of the close connection between "imagery" and image thinking,Make it surpass other aesthetic categories,Becomes the most frequently featured classical discourse in the field of contemporary bet365 games。
Building a system of bet365 games with Chinese characteristics
It has been more than 20 years since we entered the 21st century,Contemporary literature and art’s policy of “letting a hundred flowers bloom” and “a hundred schools of thought contend” has been more fully implemented、A more thorough manifestation。Overview of the dialogue between ancient and contemporary times during this period,There are regrets,There is also something gratifying。The regret is reflected in two aspects: first,There is still a clear distinction between the study of ancient literature and art and the criticism of contemporary literature and art。Secondly,In the field of bet365 games theory, although there are still voices of "modern transformation of ancient bet365 games theory",But the actual results are not satisfactory,Many ancient bet365 games theories are not universally recognized,The scope of use is very limited。
The good news is reflected in two aspects: first,At the level of theoretical construction,Many researchers still hold an optimistic attitude that connects ancient and modern times。Theoretical constructions such as “Chinese narratology” and “Chinese hermeneutics” have attracted academic attention。With the gradual improvement of academic theory,These studies will surely enter mainstream critical discourse。Second,At the level of popularization,The connection between classical and contemporary literature provides the possibility for the survival of traditional bet365 games。TV cultural programs represented by "Hundred Schools Forum" and "Chinese Poetry Conference",To a certain extent, it has the effect of resurrecting tradition,A platform for classical poetry creation that relies on artificial intelligence (such as "Nine Songs" developed by Tsinghua University),Provides a testing ground for the activation of traditional critical discourse。
In the context of literature and art in the new era,The call for building a literary and art criticism system with national characteristics is getting stronger,And it has become a cultural consciousness。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the symposium on literary and artistic work in October 2014,“We must be guided by Marxist literary theory,Inherit and innovate the outstanding legacy of ancient Chinese bet365 games theory”,“Dare to seek truth from facts in terms of artistic quality and level,To all kinds of bad literary and artistic works、Phenomena、Ideological trends dare to express attitudes”。These initiatives not only truly push the excellent legacy of ancient bet365 games theory from behind the scenes to the front of the stage,At the same time, it also shows that it values reality、A practice-first attitude。Closer integration of traditional bet365 games resources and contemporary critical practice,will provide assistance for the construction of a system of bet365 games with Chinese characteristics。
(Author’s unit: School of Journalism and Communication, Heilongjiang bet365 games;School of Liberal Arts, Heilongjiang bet365 games)
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