The history of civilization is the footsteps of human growth。So far human civilization has gone through a long journey of nearly 6,000 years，We are on the new starting point that we will open for the past。Facing a big change in the world for a century，The Chinese people have taken out the Chinese -style modern road under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，Created a new form of human civilization，Chinese civilization glows with unprecedented vitality，Has made an outstanding contribution to the development of world civilization。More sober people，Affairs can only share。Looking back at the past and present life of Chinese civilization and European civilization，Our understanding of Chinese civilization will be more sober，Full of expectations for the future of Chinese civilization。

 

Scholars at home and abroad have a wide range of recognition of "civilization"。Civilization generally refers to organized social living conditions，This forms a civilized area as a specific social and historical unit; it also refers，This forms a civilized sequence of different social history types。Chinese civilization and European civilization，It is the two major civilizations on the stage of civilization on the world today。Since the end of the 20th century，"Civilized Paradigm" has also become an important analysis framework for scholars at home and abroad to understand and grasp world political reality and its direction。Facing different theoretical genres，We want to take Marxist civilization as the guidance，Carry out the study of the history of Chinese civilization。This mutual understanding and respect for promoting the two major civilizations、Equal dialogue and exchange mutual learning，It has important theoretical significance and practical significance。

 

The core of Marxist civilization view is，Use historical materialism，System、Specific、Historically analyzes the process of civilization and its development laws，Continuous innovation theory and practice in the process of understanding and grasping the laws of civilization、Constructing a new civilization theory，Go out of the road of new civilization development、Create a new civilized form。

 

For different civilized forms，We need to systematically perform specific historical analysis。Only this，We can avoid one -sidedness。Marx has strongly criticized the error "civilization theory" of "civilization theory"。Engels also pointed out: "Civilization is a matter of practice，It is the quality of society。""，Civilization is an overall social system，In essence, the social form at a certain social and historical stage。Civilization as a social form，The degree bet365 best casino games or level of its development depends on the development level or level of productivity; the nature and characteristics of civilization，depends on the content and characteristics of the economic foundation, that is, the economic foundation。

 

Looking at the general trend and global development of the world's civilization，Any civilization is not an isolated survival and development，The communication between civilization between civilization is an important driving force for the survival and development of civilization。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，"Civilization communicates because of diversity，Learn from each other due to communication，Developed due to mutual learning "，"Human civilization diversity is the basic feature of the world，It is also the source of human progress "。This will be the fundamental follow of us to deepen the study of the history of Chinese civilization。

 

　　Understand and grasp the general pattern of civilization development

Looking back at history，We found，Asian Europe was an important stage of world civilization，It is the cradle and home of multiple civilizations。Diversity centers coexist、Multiple civilizations develop parallel，It has always been the general pattern of the development of world civilization，Asian Europe is no exception。

 

Chinese civilization and European civilization are on the ends of East and West East and West in Asia and Europe，It is two civilizations with relatively independent origin。The source of Chinese civilization is mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River，Invented metallurgical copper technology in about 5200 years ago，From this starting on the star of Huaxia、Endless，Become a long flow of the world in the history of the world's civilization、One pulse is inherited、Sustainable development of civilization。The source of European civilization is in ancient Greece，About 4600 years to this，Ancient Greek Crete began to use bronze wares，Ancient Greek civilization began to bred in the environment where the Mediterranean is open，It iterative replacement in the history of world civilization、Public outbound new、Constant civilization。Between East and West East East and West East of Asia and Europe，Indian civilization、The civilization of the two river basins also appeared almost at the same time，As a result, the situation of the four major civilized areas of Asia and Europe has gradually formed a situation in the form of coexistence in the major civilization areas of Asia and Europe，Asian and European mainland becomes the main stage of world civilization。Visible，From the beginning of the source，Asian Europe is multiple centers、Multiple civilizations，Chinese civilization and European civilization are civilizations that stand together。

 

Subsequent，The interaction and connection between the civilizations of the Asian and European continent are increasingly frequent。More than 2000 years ago，People have opened the bet365 Play online games "Silk Road" connected to the Asia -Europe mainland。Transfer through sub -claims，A contact between the ends of the East and West East and West Asia Europe。By the 1st century，Han Empire at the eastern end of the Asian Europe、Guishuang Empire in Central Asia、The Empire of the Iranian Plateau、The Roman Empire at the western end stands up、Interactive learning、prosperous for a while。4-6th centuries of the "barbarians" migration、Arab West Expedition in the 8th century、European Crusades East Invasion、The 13th century Mongolian West Expedition and other major events in the large -scale interaction process，It opened a channel for exchanges between different civilizations in the mainland of Asia and Europe。

 

In the process of exchange and mutual learning of civilizations in the Asia and Europe,，Agricultural civilization is mature。The most advanced plowing agriculture in the world at that time was concentrated in the Asian and European continent。Combination of large land ownership and small production，Common features of becoming the production mode of the civilization of the Asian Europe。This is formed with land as the bond、Economic and social form based on personal attachment，and present a colorful civilization。Just in Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Taoism、At the time of the new stage of Chinese civilization，German、Classical、The three major traditions of Christianity blend with each other，European medieval civilization began to create students。

 

The mature agricultural civilization of the Asian and European mainland has bred the inner power that has transformed from agricultural book to a recreational，Sales to break the isolation、Powerful potential energy of scattered and isolated state。Chinese civilization has transformed from the Tang and Song dynasties to Yuanming, a replacement，Emerging economic and social factors breed more clearly distinguished，Gifts of things、The Gongnong system becomes the institutional foundation of the Chinese civilization circle。In Europe，With the creation of medieval civilization，Emerging industrial and commercial economy，Mediterranean and Beihai、The two major economic areas of the Baltic Sea gradually formed，Economic Exterior、Political and religion and stand on the basic pattern of European civilization。

 

From the overall perspective，Before modern，East Asia Chinese Civilization、South Asian Indian civilization、West Asia Islamic civilization、Eastern European Byzantine Civilization、Western European Latin civilization becomes the "five golden flowers" of continental civilization in Asia and Europe。Until the 15th century, the era is approaching，The overall pattern of the development of the civilizations of the Asian Europe has always been coexisted by diversified centers、Multiple civilizations develop parallel。

 

　　The fusion of the two bet365 Play online games civilizations will pass the fate and the common

From the beginning of the 15th century，Chinese civilization and European civilization，Together with the era of the Great Voyage in the History of Human Civilization，As a result, the transformation of historical significance in the world began。1405-1433，China's great navigator Zheng He led a huge scale、Technical advanced fleet，Seventh West，Opened China Viax of the South China、The Indian Ocean directly reaches West and Africa.。The Europeans took the army from 1415 Prince Henry of Portugal to capture the Hanged City of North Africa，By 1498 Portuguese Navigator Da Gama came to India，Opened the route of Western Europe via the corner of South Africa and the Indian Ocean's route to India，But in terms of time, it was more than half a century later than Zheng He's direct to West and African routes。Since then，Portuguese invaded Malacca in 1511，I arrived in China soon afterwards，Attempt to occupy Macau。Affairs between Chinese and European civilization，From the transfer of the sub -section to the full process，Chinese civilization and European civilization have entered a new stage of direct exchange and mutual learning。

 

Since the era of great sailing，Direct communication between Chinese civilization and European civilization has a large scale、Features of substantive and regular characteristics。Before the 18th century，Despite the increasingly obvious institutional and cultural differences on both sides，But the level of productivity and the degree of development of science and technology is roughly equivalent，The communication between the two is relatively equal、Reasonable，The integration of Chinese and European civilization is also effective。

 

But，After entering the 18th century，European civilization is becoming increasingly aggressive due to capital -driven and the rise of the industrial revolution，The war continues to war due to the rise of national countries and its transformation to imperialism。In the first half of the 20th century，It caused two world wars，so that the Europeans themselves felt "the decline in the West"。Chinese civilization has been increasingly retreated since the beginning of the 18th century，Falling in passive，It is difficult to grasp the initiative of its own historical development，So as to get into a century -old humiliation。The status of the Asian and European continent as an important stage for the world's civilization is also crumbling。Visible，Although the roads of these two civilizations have gone after the 18th century，However, how similar its destiny is!

 

"History is the best textbook，It is also the best sober agent。"Since the middle of the 20th century，The Chinese civilization and the Cold War that have experienced two World War and Cold War have begun to reflect on history。European civilization has equated itself with the freedom world from the early stage，In the Middle Ages, I equated bet365 live casino games myself with the Christian world，Further to modern times, equal to the world of civilization，Finally realized my own decline in two World War。In the process of continuous deepening self -knowledge，European civilization's perception of Chinese civilization also from the other who is mirror，It has developed to the subject and partner of each other。It has developed to the subject and partner of each other，The implementation and construction of the order of Huayi，Then the dream of breaking the European and Japanese invaders，Finally, while it is independently integrated into the world treaty system，Drawing the fusion meeting、Equal tolerance of human destiny community Vision。Now，Chinese civilization and European civilization have begun to recognize，There are "surprising parallel lines" between various civilizations in the Asian and European mainland。The inspection of the history of economic and social history and the history，"Asia and Europe Duel" and "Confrontation" are pseudo -propositions。It can be said，European centralism and orientalism have been abandoned。

 

　　Consultation and confrontation: Answer to the mystery of history

Learn from history，Facing Future，Chinese civilization and European civilization are also at the key turning point of the world's major changes。There is both common value between these two civilizations，There are their own characteristics。If the main quality of modern civilization in Europe can be summarized as science and technology、Industrial System、Capitalism and National State，So the main difference between Chinese civilization and European civilization lies in the social system。The capitalist system of European civilization is essentially the internal class confrontation and external colonial expansion，This inevitably brings conflicts in conflicts in internal and external relations。The social system of Chinese civilization is the internal social harmony and external peace rise，As a result, dialogue consultation in internal and external relations。

 

History indication，The ending of confrontation conflict will definitely be self -denial，The future of dialogue and negotiation is to establish a self -consolidation of a self -owner。Engels in the "Critical Outline of National Economics"，Not only pointing out that the capitalist social system of European civilization has unprecedented confrontation，and foresee the prospect of a new social system: "The big change facing our century，that is, the reconciliation between human beings and nature and the reconciliation of humans itself。"This is exactly the inherent requirements of communism。Marx pointed out in "The Manuscript of Economics in 1844": "This communism，As a complete naturalism，equal to humanitarianism，as a complete humanitarianist，equal to naturalism，It is between man and nature、The real solution of contradictions between people，Is existence Bet365 app download and essence、Objective and self -confirmation、Freedom and inevitable、The real solution of the struggle between the individual and the class。It is the answer to the mystery of history，And knowing that you are this kind of answer。"This is the inevitable trend of the development of human civilization。

 

This requires us to follow historical materialism in the study of the historical comparative study of Chinese EU civilization，Dialectically understand and grasp the process of different civilizations，Look at the future trend of different civilizations from the perspective of development，Study on the historical comparative study of different social systems。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Institutional issues are more fundamental、global、Stability、Long -term。"" Among them，The historical comparative study between the legal system is more concerned。

 

The historical comparative study between the Chinese Law Department in Chinese civilization and the "Mainland Law" and "General Law Department" in European civilization，Especially the comparative study of the traditional law of ritual law and law of Chinese civilization and the customary law of European civilization，Reconstruction of the Chinese Law Department for us、Comprehensively promote the governance of the country according to law、Promoting the exchange and mutual learning between China -Europe legal civilization，undoubtedly has a significant theoretical significance and practical significance。One of the founders of European legal sociology Elich said: "No science has grown up in ethnic isolation，It not only requires the preparation of all the ancestors，Also requires the action of all contemporary people。A nation，Even the greatest、The most talented nation，too small，Can't rely only on its own internal resources，Create a discipline alone。"Reconstruction of the Chinese Law Department is not just rebuilding a discipline，Therefore, we need to compare vision，Need to be with the world。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "History and reality tell us，Only inherit the excellent traditional legal culture of China，From my country Revolution、Construction、Explore the road of rule of law in the practice of reform，At the same time, learn from foreign rule of law.，Only to comprehensively build a socialist modernization country、Realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to consolidate the foundation of the rule of law。"This is our comprehensive promotion of governing the country in practice、Fundamental following the fundamental follow -up of China -Europe Legal Civilization Exchange and Mutual Learning。

 

Social system competition between different civilizations today is the most fundamental。The social system of the new form of Chinese civilization has deep historical heritage、Multiple aspects of significant bet365 live casino games advantages、Rich practical results、Infinite vitality、Beautiful development prospects。Time is on our side。As long as we maintain sufficient historical patience and strategic fixed force，It will definitely be able to grasp historical initiative，Create historical miracles，You can make a complete answer to the "Mystery of History"。

 

The lasting driving force for the development of human civilization lies in the communication between civilization。Now，No one has believed in Mai Jinde’s heart and World Island hypothesis。We have reason to believe，Chinese civilization and European civilization are in communication and mutual learning，Not only can we work together to promote the integration of the Asia -Europe continent，Building a community of human destiny，Make the Asian and European mainland an important stage for the world's civilization，And it will also lead the exchange and mutual learning between world civilization，Starting to color together、Equality、Putty of a new era of harmonious civilization。

 

(The author is a professor at the Institute of European Civilization, Tianjin Normal University)