T. S. Eliot is not only the most influential modernist poet in the 20th century English world，And the most impact of the 20th century English world。(Reina Wellek) Although since the 1920s,，The Chinese academic community has begun to translate and research on Eliot，But more concentrated in the field of poetry creation，The research on its poetic and literary criticism is far from enough。The existing research on Eliot Poetry and Literature Criticism mainly comes from British scholars，Mainly the introduction of evaluation，Research focus in its early poetics。For example，American contemporary critic、Scholar Reina Wellek in his masterpiece "History of Modern Literature Critic" about Eliot，Those who have the meaning of "poetic theory" in Eliot's criticism views，The focus of the main lead is Eliot's early literary criticism，This actually excludes the very important "Eliot mid -stage poetics" problem。

 

　　Species of Cultural Giants and Literature Giants

The way to grasp Eliot criticism and poetics with Eliot's early poetics，Actually it is equivalent to the default that most researchers generally believe that Eliot's literary criticism career can be divided into two periods，is to change into British nationality with Eliot in 1927，Literature began to believe in classicalism，As a phased logo that divides his criticism，and I believe that Eliot, who is a literary critic, was "declining" in the later period，His main poetic contribution is concentrated in the early stage。Under this premise，Eliot's later poetics is noticed，Mainly because he has the natural extension and correction of its bet365 live casino games previous views in his later poetics，helps the understanding of its preliminary poetics。The division of the two stages is a common division of Illut in the British and American academic circles，This time division ignores the changes in his later criticism view，Simply denying the key poetic contributions of the following thirty years，Ignoring Eliot's important meaning of reflection on its early literary criticism in his later years。

 

For example，He believes that in his old age that he had two key terms in his early poetry career -classicalism and romanticism，No longer has important significance。Another example，He directly expressed his dissatisfaction with his criticism of the articles "Tradition and Personal Talent" published in the book "The Effectiveness and Critical Effectiveness of Poetry" published in 1964 as the dissatisfaction of the article "Tradition and Personal Better" as his criticism.，Think that this understanding is too formulating、Simplified。He even hopes that the editor who can choose in the future will replace the "One Lecture" in the book "The Effectiveness and Critical Effect of Poetry" instead of "Tradition and Personal Talent"。In the late works and conversations of Eliot，There are a lot of remarks that are similar to their early criticism and reflection。

 

The focus of research and attention is concentrated in Eliot's early poetic contribution，It is also equivalent to the internal connection between "Literary Giant Eliot" and "Cultural Giant Eliot"。"Literary Giant" and "Cultural Giant" means two aspects of an ideal soul，"Literary Giant" rooted in the individual's mind，and "Cultural Giant" must be rooted in the literary soul that is rooted in individuals，It is necessary to make a comprehensive and deep reflection on the human mind。As a "Literary Giant"，Aiut has sincerity、Sensitive、bet365 live casino games Fine literary mind; and as a "cultural giant"，Modern Europe with a violent change，Eliot as the guardian of European classical culture， He still has a mature mind、Tough will、Broadly vision、Bob love and care。On Eliot，"Literary Soul" and "Cultural Soul" are penetrated，merged into one。But，Where those researchers who only follow Eliot's early poetic and literary criticism contributed to，"Literary Soul" and "Cultural Soul" are simply understood as a kind of inner temperament。

 

Eliot is different from most European and American modernist literary theorists，He not only criticizes modern industrial and commercial civilization，and in some of the late period of some poetic works, severely criticized modernism。So，If we only pay attention to his early poetics，It will ignore him as the most important modernist poet in the 20th century and the most influential theorist in British and American modernist poetry、Critics，How to carry out his modernist criticism，I can’t talk about it、Analyze Eliot's introspection and criticism of modernism，Understand us、What is the meaning of recognizing European and American modernism; of course, it is not fully understood: in Eliot as a British and American modern poet、Early creation when critics，Steady reflection with him、Criticizing the mid -to -late creation of modernism -we usually are generally classified as modernist writing -in fact, there are many differences，and what kind of relationship between these creative differences with criticism of his criticism different periods。

 

other，Don’t pay attention to Eliot's middle and late poetics，It will cause us to ignore Eliot's middle and late poetics to reflect on the current literature、Significance for the reference of aesthetics。On the one hand，Eliot's early criticism is an important source Bet365 lotto review of "new criticism" of important formalist criticisms in the 20th century; on the other hand,，Under the premise of not giving up many early criticisms，His middle and advanced criticism continues to break through the early vision and position，From "what kind of person we are" and "what kind of person should we be", the more fundamental perspective is re -grasped、Positioning Literature。This also means，Eliot's middle and late poetic poetry actually reflects us on our current literature、Aesthetic issues provide new thinking resources，enables us to accept the contribution of the "new criticism" and other formalist poetry genres，Essence of these poetic genres in the contains，You can think about "what kind of person are we" and "what kind of person should we be"，Breaking through the aesthetic vision of literature。

 

　　Dialectics of Cultural Soul and Literature and Mind

From the perspective of perspective，Breakthrough of Eliot's middle and late poetics，It can be regarded as a breakthrough of "Cultural Giant" on "Literary Giant"。Specifically，Eliot's early poetics can be regarded as a defense of "Literary Soul" that "know what we are" as the creative orientation。But，When Eliot -style criticism is accepted and practiced when "unity of feeling"，At the same time, new problems start to appear。that is in the 20th century，In the background of people's belief in "personality theory"，For those modern writers who "from their indulgence and feelings" to find realistic modern writers，At the same time，To express the various mysteries and beliefs of the individual，and from this to obtain the "unity of feeling" of the subject (He Zhaotian "Eliot's Middle and Late Poetry Research")。But this kind of "literary giant" that is based on the "indulgent emotion and sensation" built by the individual，Ethics and morality to human Bet365 lotto review civilized society is undoubtedly harmful。In this case，Eliot's mid -to -late poetry starts from the vision of "cultural giant"，Introducing the dimension of "What kind of person should we be"，Emphasize the maturity of the subject's mind、Toughness、Stimulation and other quality，It is undoubtedly an effective way to solve this problem。

 

For general literary practitioners，"What kind of people are we" and "what kind of person should we be" and "what kind of person can we be" to ask literature，It is often painful。Use "What kind of person are we" to ask "Literature"，It means thinking about "what can literature be assumed"，and "what kind of person should we be" to ask "literature"，It is equivalent to thinking about "what should be assumed"。where，Under the question of the question "What kind of person should we be"，Ilie believes to understand literature、The relativity of the relatively literary standards is worthwhile，It is also important。Actually，Thinking about the position of "what kind of person we are" and "what kind of person should we be" and "what kind of person should we be"，It is one of the important heritage left by Eliot。Today’s literary thinking, if you have not been tortured by these problems like Eliot，Our literary thinking cannot have the power to return to the challenge of the current era。

 

As today's literary practitioner，If you can't like Eliot，The culture needed from the current "people"、Life angle，Go bravely looking at our "Literature"，The "literature" work that we can stand on the life will still be "non -human"。Eliot once said: "The solution of a problem will be too long -lasting，And it takes several generations to pay attention to，Such a fact should not be a legitimate reason for people to postpone the problem。In the juncture of life and death，The situation will eventually prove，Is a problem that Bet365 lotto review we delayed or ignored，instead of doing hard but unable to solve problems，Will suffer us in turn。"This is an intellectual with a high sense of responsibility.。

 

In the "Book of Dai Dai Rites", the Gong asked Wuyi (assume that the dialogue is Ai Gong and Confucius)，Facing the question of "what is a scholar" in the face of Ai Gong，Confucius replied: "The so -called scholar，Although it cannot be dreamed，There must be reasons; although it cannot be perfect，There must be something。Yes, I do n’t know more，Grade what you know;，And the trial of the reason;，The so -called。"If I borrow Confucius' words with Eliot's middle and late poetics, an analogy，It can show the meaning of Eliot's mid -to -late poetics to us more clearly。If Eliot's early poetics that mainly stay at the epistemology，It is the so -called "how to examine its knowledge" in Confucius (that is, we must learn more about what he knows)，So，Eliot's middle and late poetic poetics means "the reason for the trial" (that is, we must understand what he follows in detail)。That is to say，Eliot's middle and late poetry is based on its early poetics，Introduced the ethical dimension of morality, good and evil，Reader，Therefore, the realm of "how to examine its so -called"。

 

In short，Iliet's middle and late poetics brings us not only the possibility of breaking through the current poetic dilemma，and is a comprehending significance of "cultural soul" to poetics。On the one hand，The broad minds and minds represented by "Cultural Soul" can effectively improve our realm of life; on the other hand，"Cultural Soul" means thinking about the comprehensive mind，It is enough to correct the limitations faced by "Literary Soul"。"Literary Soul" and "Cultural Soul" are penetrated，The realm of life and thinking is unprecedented，Eliot becomes the 20th century "cultural bet365 best casino games giant"。Only this，sound poetics can promote the maturity of personal mind and the development of culture，Similarly，Only the "cultural soul" is constantly generated，Can poetics be successful at a wide and subtle level。

 

(Author Unit: Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)