. S.Eliot is not only the most influential modernist poet in the English-speaking world in the 20th century，And the most influential critic in the English-speaking world in the 20th century。(Rainer Wellek) Although since the 1920s，Chinese academic circles have begun the translation and research of Eliot，But mostly concentrated in the field of poetry creation，The study of its poetics and bet365 sign up bonus code criticism is far from enough。Existing research on Eliot’s poetics and bet365 sign up bonus code criticism mainly comes from British scholars，Mainly a descriptive introduction，And the research focus is on his early poetics。For example，Contemporary American critics、Scholar Rainer Wellek's special chapter on Eliot in his representative book "History of Modern bet365 sign up bonus code Criticism"，A summary of Eliot’s critical views that have a “poetic theory” significance，The main focus is Eliot’s early bet365 sign up bonus code criticism，This actually excludes the very important issue of "Eliot's middle and late poetics"。

　　The separation between cultural giants and bet365 sign up bonus code giants

A way to grasp Eliot’s criticism and poetics focusing on Eliot’s early poetics，In fact, it is equivalent to acknowledging that most researchers generally believe that Eliot's bet365 sign up bonus code criticism career can be divided into two periods，That is, Eliot became a British citizen in 1927，Beginning to believe in classicism in literature，As a stage mark that divides his critical career，And believes that Eliot as a bet365 sign up bonus code critic "declined" in his later years，His main poetic contributions are concentrated in the early period。Under this premise，The reason why Eliot’s late poetics is noticed，Mainly because his later poetics contained natural extensions and modifications of his earlier views，Conducive to the understanding of its early poetics。The division of two stages is a common way of dividing Eliot in the British and American circles，This time division ignores the changes in his later critical views，Simply negates the critical poetic contributions of the next thirty years，Ignoring the importance of Eliot’s own reflections on early bet365 sign up bonus code criticism in his later years。

For example，Two terms that he regarded in bet365 sign up bonus code later years as crucial in bet365 sign up bonus code early poetic career - classicism and romanticism，No longer significant。Zairu，In bet365 sign up bonus code book "The Utility of Poetry and the Utility of Criticism" published in 1964, he directly expressed bet365 sign up bonus code dissatisfaction with the anthology editors who generally regarded the article "Tradition and Personal Talent" published in bet365 sign up bonus code youth as bet365 sign up bonus code critical masterpiece，I think this understanding is too formulaic、Simplify。He even hopes that in the future, the editor of an anthology can replace "Tradition and Personal Talent" with "One Lecture" in the book "The Utility of Poetry and the Utility of Criticism"。In Eliot’s late writings and conversations，There are many similar comments and reflections on its early criticism。

Focus research and attention on Eliot’s early poetic contributions，It is tantamount to severing the inner connection between "bet365 sign up bonus code Giant Eliot" and "Cultural Giant Eliot"。“bet365 sign up bonus code giant” and “cultural giant” mean two aspects of an ideal soul，“bet365 sign up bonus code giant” is rooted in the individual soul，And "cultural giant" must be rooted in the individual's bet365 sign up bonus code soul，We must also conduct a comprehensive and profound introspection on the human soul。As a "bet365 sign up bonus code giant"，Elliot is sincere、Sensitive、Delicate bet365 sign up bonus code soul；As a "cultural giant"，In modern Europe undergoing dramatic changes，Eliot as the guardian of European classical culture， He still has a mature mind、Tough will、Broad vision、Broad love and care。On Elliot，“bet365 sign up bonus code soul” and “cultural soul” are interpenetrated，Integrate into one。However，In those researchers who only focus on Eliot’s early contributions to poetics and bet365 sign up bonus code criticism，“bet365 sign up bonus code soul” and “cultural soul” are simply understood as an inner connection of temperament。

Eliot is different from most European and American modernist bet365 sign up bonus code theorists，He not only criticizes modern industrial and commercial civilization，And he severely criticized modernism in some of his late poetic works。Therefore，If we only pay attention to his early poetics with great influence，It will ignore that he is the most important modernist poet in the 20th century and the most influential theorist of British and American modernist poetry、Critic，How to carry out his criticism of modernism，There is no understanding、Analyze Eliot’s reflections and criticisms of modernism，Understand us、What is the significance of understanding European and American modernism；Of course it cannot be said to be fully understood: Eliot as a British and American modernist poet、Early creations when he was a critic，Stern reflection with him、There are actually many differences between the middle and late works that criticize modernism—which we usually generally classify as modernist writing，And what is the relationship between these creative differences and his critical thinking in different periods。

In addition，Not paying attention to Eliot’s middle and late bet365 sign up bonus code，It will make us ignore the importance of Eliot’s middle and late bet365 sign up bonus code in reflecting on current literature、Reference significance of aesthetic issues。On the one hand，Eliot’s early criticism was an important source of launching the “New Criticism”, an important formalist criticism school in the 20th century；On the other hand，Without abandoning many of his early critical insights，His criticism in the middle and later periods continued to break through his early vision and stance，Re-grasp it from a more fundamental perspective of "what kind of people we are" and "what kind of people we should be"、Positioning Literature。This also means，Eliot’s middle and late bet365 sign up bonus code actually help us reflect on current literature、Aesthetic issues provide new thinking resources，Enables us to inherit the contributions of formalist poetic schools such as "New Criticism"，Contains the essence of these poetic schools，We can also think about questions such as "what kind of people are we" and "what kind of people should we become"，Break through the aesthetic horizon of literature。

　　The dialectics of cultural soul and bet365 sign up bonus code soul

From an overall perspective，The breakthrough of Eliot’s poetics in his middle and late period，Can be regarded as a breakthrough between a "cultural giant" and a "bet365 sign up bonus code giant"。Specifically，Eliot’s early poetics can be seen as a defense of the “bet365 sign up bonus code mind” guided by “knowing what kind of people we are”。However，When Eliotian critical concepts such as "unity of feeling" are accepted and practiced，At the same time, new problems began to appear。That is, in the 20th century，In the context of people’s belief in “personality theory”，For modern writers who seek existential reality “from their own indulgent emotions and feelings”，At the same time, he will also use his own belief in "personality theory" as a reason，To express various personal thoughts and beliefs，And thereby obtain the subject's "unity of feeling" (He Zhaotian's "Research on Eliot's Middle and Late Poetics")。But this kind of "bet365 sign up bonus code giant" is based on the individual's uncontrolled "indulgent emotions and feelings"，It is undoubtedly harmful to the ethics and morality of human civilization。In this case，Eliot’s middle and late poetics start from the perspective of a “cultural giant”，Introducing the dimension of “who we should be”，Emphasis on the maturity of the bet365 sign up bonus code scholar’s ​​subject mind、Toughness、Quality such as moderation，It is undoubtedly an effective way to solve this problem。

For general bet365 sign up bonus code practitioners，Use three questions: “What kind of people are we?” “What kind of people should we be?” “What kind of people can we be?” to ask questions about literature，It often makes them feel painful。Asking "literature" with "What kind of people are we"，means thinking about "what literature can bear"，And use "what kind of people should we become" to ask "literature"，It is equivalent to thinking about "what literature should bear"。Among them，Being pressed by the question “Who should we be?”，Eliot believes in understanding literature、The effort to relativize bet365 sign up bonus code standards is worthwhile，Also important。Actually，Thinking about the position of "literature" in the tension field composed of "what kind of people we are" and "what kind of people we should be"，It is one of the important legacies that Eliot left us。If today’s bet365 sign up bonus code thinking has not been tortured by these problems like Eliot，Our bet365 sign up bonus code thinking cannot have the power to respond to the challenges of the current era。

As today’s bet365 sign up bonus code practitioners，If you can't be like Eliot，From the culture that “people” need now、Life perspective，To bravely examine the "literature" in which we live，The "bet365 sign up bonus code" work in which we can settle down will remain "inhuman"。Elliot once said: "The solution of a problem will take a long time，And it needs to be taken seriously by several generations，Such a fact should not be a valid reason for postponing research on the problem。At the critical moment of life and death，The situation will eventually prove，Problems we postpone or ignore，Rather than a problem that cannot be solved even though we try our best，It will in turn bring disaster to us。”This is the deep-soul call and advice from an intellectual with a high sense of responsibility to today’s bet365 sign up bonus code practitioners。

In the chapter "Ai Gong asks about the Five Meanings" in "The Book of Rites" (assuming that the interlocutors are Ai Gong and Confucius)，Faced with Duke Ai’s question: “How can one be called a scholar?”，Confucius replied: "The so-called scholars，Although I can’t do all the magic，There must be a reason；Although it is not perfect，There must be a place。It’s just old knowledge but not too much，To examine what he knows；There are too many things to do，Let’s examine the reasons；No words say much，Let’s examine what we say。”If we borrow Confucius’ words and make an analogy with Eliot’s middle and late bet365 sign up bonus code，The enlightenment significance of Eliot’s middle and late bet365 sign up bonus code to us can be more clearly presented。If we say that Eliot’s early bet365 sign up bonus code mainly stayed at the epistemological level，It is what Confucius called "examine what he knows" (that is, he must understand in detail what he knows)，Then，Eliot’s middle and late bet365 sign up bonus code means “examining his reasons” (that is, he must understand in detail what he is following)。In other words，Eliot’s middle and late bet365 sign up bonus code are based on his early bet365 sign up bonus code，Introducing the ethical dimension of moral good and evil，And ask readers to do so，Thus reaching the state of "examination of what is said"。

In short，What Eliot’s middle and late poetics bring us is not only the possibility of breaking through the current poetic dilemma，And also the understanding of the importance of "cultural soul" to poetics。On the one hand，The broad mind and mind represented by "cultural soul" can effectively improve our realm of life；On the other hand，"Cultural Mind" means thinking about the comprehensive mind，Enough to correct the limitations faced by the "bet365 sign up bonus code soul"。“bet365 sign up bonus code soul” and “cultural soul” are interpenetrated，The realm of life and the realm of thinking are seamlessly integrated，Making Eliot a "cultural giant" in the 20th century。That’s the only way，Sound poetics can promote the maturity of individual mind and the development of culture，Same，Only the continuous emergence of "cultural soul"，Only can poetry be successful on both a broad and subtle level。

(Author’s unit: Institute of bet365 sign up bonus code, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)