May 13, 2001，The US "New York Times" front page published a message unearthed at a stone seal unearthed at the Turkmansteinno site。This stone seal has the basic feature of the prehistoric pottery symbol of Chinese historical pottery，Causes high attention from the Chinese and foreign academic circles。I will report on the interpretation and related issues of this stone seal text。

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June 2000，Dr. Heibelte of the University of Pennsylvania at the University of Pennsylvania went to Turkmansteinno's site for archeological excavation，A shiny black jade seal was found under a number of adobe houses。The print surface is square，The horizontal tile button on the back，The edge length is slightly less than 1 inch (1 inch is about 2.54 cm)。5 symbols engraved on the printing surface，There are red marks in the strokes。Carbon 14 testing the relics unearthed with this seal，Age is 2300 BC。May 12, 2001，Dr. Hibernate at the academic seminar at Harvard，Introduced this stone seal，He "I am sure this is a seal engraved with certain symbols and texts"。Discovery of this stone mark，Caused enthusiastic discussion and controversy in Chinese and foreign academic circles。This "forced us to re -use a fundamental different way，Consider the origin of Chinese characters "。

Anno Stone Seal and its seal Author/Figure Figure 

May of the same year，Li Xueqin learned that the news of the stone seal unearthed from the Anno site，Review of the New York Times report，Write the article "Stone Seal unearthed in the Anno Site in Central Asia"，Published on July 4, 2001 on "China Cultural Relics"。Facing many disputes in the academic world，He wrote the article "Inspiration of Anno Seal" again。He pointed out，The shape of this stone mark，and Westia、Seal in the Indian Valley and other places，Including the seal、Rolling print，Not similar。Look at the printed surface of its square and the printed buttons similar to the tile button，It is really similar to the Chinese seal in the Chinese seal。I don’t know how to cause red，This impression is deepened。As far as its age is concerned，It is much earlier than the earliest Oracle that has been discovered.。Symbols on Anno Seal，All consisting of straight strokes，Let's take a stroke connection as the standard，Decompired into "five"。The order made of seal should beThe interesting thing is，Symbols of these five different shapes，All can be found in Chinese prehistoric pottery symbols。Li Xueqin's outstanding insights laid a solid foundation for us to unveil the mystery of this stone seal text。

Text interpretation and its use 

bet365 live casino games I try on the basis of Li Xueqin's research，For this stone print text and related issues，Slightly described。

First，Stone seal is an instrument used when sacrificing the god of heaven。Li Xueqin asked questions，Shi Yin "I don't know how to cause red in the symbol pen painting?" Actually，On the ritual of the ancient sacrifice gods in my country，Traces of red cinnabar commonly applied。Da Wenkou Cultural Tao Zun's "engraving symbol" around，Frequent "color with Zhu Hong，Quite mysterious colors "。These Tao Zun is a ritual ware that sacrifice the sun god。A pot of pot pots unearthed from the ancient city of Tao Temple，Write the word "Wenyao" with "cinnabar"。This pot pot is a ritual to sacrifice Emperor Yao。

When the ancient sacrifice of heaven in my country，Frequent jade wares of different colors with seasonal changes。According to "Book of Rites · Month"，Spring "Warehouse (Cang) Jade"，Summer "Serving Red Jade"，Autumn "Serving Baiyu"，Winter "Serving Xuanyu"。"Lu's Spring and Autumn", "Huainanzi · Time Lee Training" also has the same record。"Serving" is the meaning of wearing。This can be seen，This piece of stone print with red pigments，Instruments used when sacrificing heavenly gods。

The sky is blue orchid during the day，It will become black black at night。"Book of Songs · Youfeng · July" "Zai Xuan Zai Yellow" "Mao Chuan": "Xuan，Black and red。"" Book of Dai Dai Rites · Xia Xiaoyang "contains:" Xuanye，Black also。"" Said the text · Xuan Ministry ":" The black and red person is the mystery。"The color of this stone mark，Black and slightly reddish，It can be called "Xuan Se"。"Zhou Li · Kao Gong Ji · Painting 缋" contains: "God's mystery。"" Lao Tzu "Chapter 1" Same as the Xuan "，Heshang Gong Note: "Xuan，Tianye。"This shows that the color of the stone seal is in line with the night of the night。

"India" and "God" sound close to the pitch。"Interpretation · Release": "Indian，Letter also。So all things are not the letter。"Cai Yan's" Control ":" India，Letter also。"Letter，Pass to extension。"Yili · Shi Xiang Mei" "A gentleman's extension"，Zheng Xuan Note: "Ancient texts as a letter。"" Sun Tzu's Art of War · Nine Lands "" Faithful Private "Du Mu Note:" Letter，Dianye。"Guangya · Shi Xun 4": "Shen，Dianye。"Ji Yun · Zhenyun": "Stretching，Shen Ye。"" Said the text ":" Shen，God also。"is its evidence。

The seal is also the method of the ancient Taoist priest exorcising the ghosts and avoiding evil。According to "Bao Puzi · Deng invitations": "Ancient people entering the mountain，All the seal of Yellow God Yuezhang。"Wang Ming school interpretation:" "Shan Zhaiji Jin Lu · Xi Seal" with the number of ‘Yellow God Yuezhang’ s Seal。"Shi Xuanguang" Different Confusion Theory Bet365 lotto review "said: Taoist priests" Create the Yellow God Yuezhang，Use Killing Ghosts "(" Hongming Collection "Volume 8)。1980，Zhu Shugu Wenwen on the Pottery bottle unearthed from the Eastern Han Dynasty in Luoyang，There is a record of "Moved the Big Yellow Seal" Exorcism，"Rhubarb" is "Yellow God"，refers to Huang Di。This can be seen，Anno stone seal can be used as a magic weapon that hooks human gods。

Second，Interpretation of Anno Shin text。The content of this stone seal text，It should be consistent with the name and use of its carrier。略。

The first symbol，It is a hook pen with the opposite direction on the upper and lower ends of a vertical pen，Li Xueqin "is called the symbol of the word" B "。This symbol is found on the black broadband below the mouth of the ginger of the Yangshao cultural site of Lintong, Shaanxi，and Xi'an Banpo、Tongchuan Lijiagou Yangshao Cultural Pottery and Bengbu Shuangdun Shinshi Site Exfraced on the pottery。Its structure is similar to the word "B" in "Xihui" 2540 seal，Therefore, it is the word "B"。

"Said Wen · B": "B，Elephant Spring April Wood Complex coming out，Yin Qi Fang Qiang，It is also out of the B。"" White Tiger Tong · Five Elements "contains:" B，Fan Fanqu has desire to come out。"" "B" is the original meaning of the grass and trees to germinate in spring，The appearance of difficult growth。This shows the time of sacrificing heaven，When the Zhongchun season that occurs in the grass and trees。

The second symbol，Li Xueqin "Trial is called‘ wood ’ -shaped symbol，Complicated。Symbols of the same shape，It is also seen on the black belt along the half -sloper type colorful potted bowl unearthed from Jiangzhai。Due to its structure，The "wood" beside the "wood" beside the "wood" of "Du", "Cabinet" and "Tong" of the ancient seal，Therefore, the word "wood"。

"Said Win · Wood": "Wood，。Out of the ground，During the Oriental Trip。"" Su Wen · Jade Machine True Tibetan theory "contains:" Oriental Muye，All things, so the beginning of birth。"" White Tiger Tong · Five Elements "said:" Wood in the East。Oriental，Yangqi starting，Everything starts。"Wood" of the original meaning refers to the meaning of "all things" in spring。

The word "wood" is located in the center of the printing surface，Occupy near half of the printing surface，This shows that what it shows is not the general god。"Book of Rites · Month" contains: "Daily A B"，Gao Lao Note: "A B，Mu Ri Ye。"Hanshu · Law Jizhi" says: "Plants" out of A，Fighting in B "。"Wood" originally refers to grass and wood，Most of the grass and trees grow in the spring in spring。The word "wood" in the old seal，Refers to the Emperor of the Spring Emperor in Spring。

The third symbol，Li Xueqin said "can be called the‘ five ’glyph symbol。The same symbol，Seen in the Malaysia Cultural Horse Bet365 lotto review Factory type pottery from the Malaysia Kiln Cultural Malaysia Factory，Write on the color pot pot "。This symbol is in Daxi Culture、Liangzhu Culture、Maqiao Culture and Longshan Cultural Pottery，It's not uncommon。Due to its structure, the words are the same as the word "five" characters of the Shang and Zhou dynasties and the "five" characters of the golden text，Therefore, it is the word "five"。

The fourth symbol，Li Xueqin means "the fourth‘ one ’ -shaped symbol，Of course there are many cultural pottery symbols，Not annoying examples "。Because its structure is the same as the word "one" of the "one" "one" of the Shang Zhou and the golden text，Therefore, it is the word "one"。

The word "five" and "one" in the seal is connected to the top and down，Dangdang as a text of "51"。This combined text，Common in Shang Zhou Oracle and Jinwenli。For example，"Thirteen", "Fifteenth", "Eighty" and other fit numbers。Seal "Fifty -one" should be presented to the meaning of 51 sacrifices to sacrifice the gods。

Fifth symbol，Li Xueqin said "the last '匸' -shaped symbol，It is also seen in Liuwanma Factory Type Lottery "，But not to be released。Let's review its structure，similar to the word "匸" with Oracle and golden texts。This word repeatedly discovered in the Oracle of Yinxu，Portal or facing left or right，No difference，Therefore, it is the first text of the word "匸"。

"匸"，Read as a basket。"Said the text · 匸 匸": "匸，The device of the subject。"Zhu Junsheng Tong's fixed sound:" 匸，According to promotion，That is the ancient text of Kuang。"" "Kuang" in the same basket。"Said the text · 匸 匸": "Kuang，Rice，筥。Kuang，or from bamboo。"Zhou Yi · Guimei" "There is a female inheritance"，"Classic Interpretation": "Kuang，Zheng Zuo basket。"" Jade Chapter · 匸 匸 匸 "said:" Kuang，Also as a basket。"is its certificate。"Poetry · Zhao Nan · Cai Ping" "Wei Basket and 筥"，"Mao Chuan": "Fang Yue Basket，Yuan Yue 筥。"Poetry · Zhounan · Rolling Ear" "Not Ying Basket"，Zhu Xi Ji Zhuan: "Basket，Bamboo device also。"The word" 匸 "here refers to the appliance that sacrifice the food when sacrificing the gods。

Ancient Indian seal text Author/Figure Figure 

So，What kind of sacrifices are there in this bamboo basket? According to "Book of Rites · Month"，Spring in spring "Its Emperor Taiyao，Its God Sentence Mang ... Eat wheat and sheep，Its device is sparse "。Sun Xidan Collection: "Fuxi by Malde and King，Its name is also said to be too，Sacrifice Mu Emperor with food。"Lu's Spring and Autumn", "Huainanzi · Time Lee Training" also has the same record。This means that in the spring of sacrificing the gods of heaven and Senmang，Dedicate with wheat、Lamb -based food，The utensils of the bet365 Play online games sacrifice should be rough and sparsely connected。and wheat food and mutton，It is the specialty of Western Asia。About 9000 years ago，Iranian plateau began to raise goats; about 8000 years ago，Western Asia Start cultivating barley and wheat。So，Putting wheat food and mutton with baskets，The living customs of the ancestors in Central Asia are in line with。

from the above，The meaning of this stone seal text is to say: in the spring of all things，Tiandi gods who grow up to the Lord，Present 51 baskets of sacrifice food。

etiquette and age 

The basic connotation represented by this stone print text，is the god of sacrifice in spring，Pray to grow strong growth，The fruit that brings a bumper harvest to humans。So，Clarifying the etiquette and age of the text display of the stone marks，Quite meaning。

"Asian poultry" stone seal author/supply 

First，Anno Stone Seal is the instrument to sacrifice the sun god。Chinese ancestors worship the Emperor God。"Huainanzi · Original Training" contains: "God，The system of birth also。"" Said the text "said:" God，God of God，Leading all things。"Book of Rites · Month" "Its Japanese A B，Its Emperor Taizhen "，Zheng Xuan Note: "Everything in spring is solved by Fujia，Drimp to east from B。The monarch of this essence，The official of the wooden official，Those who have been morality since ancient times。"" Hanshu · Law Jizhi "said:，For the first king，Shoude started with wood，Therefore, Emperor Taihao。"" Hanshu · Law Jizhi "said:，It is the god of heaven that dominate the growth of all things。

Many ethnic groups in the world have social customs that advocate the sun god。"Book of Rites · Suburb Special" has the "Suburban Festival" activity with "Long Day"。"Shang Shu · Yao Dian" and Yinxu Oracle Bone Bonewen have the "Entry and Exit Day" ceremony。This is the winter solstice、Summer in the summer solstice sacrifice the ritual of the sun god。At the same time，"Mandarin · Zhou Yu Shang" contains: The ancient king of the ancients "there is the Great Asahi and the moon to teach the civil monarch"。Wei Zhao Note: "God，Tianye。Ming Shen，Sun and Moon also。"Book of Rites · Sacrifice" "Sacrifice Day in the Altar，Sacrifice Moon in Kan，Bless You Ming，To make up and down "，Sun Xidan Collection: "This is the Spring equinox as the Asahi，The gift of the autumn equinox is also。"Book of Rites · Yuzao" said: "Asahi outside the east gate。"The so -called" Spring equinox Asahi "is the morning of the" Spring Equins "，The Ceremony of the Sun God outside the east gate of the country。

Ancient Egyptians respect the sun as the "God of Creation"，Therefore, "The Sun God has gained a special status in the ancient kingdom"。and "The Youth Fara and the Dagris River is flooding in the spring equinox"，The floods of ancient bet365 Play online games Egypt were in the summer solstice "I arrived around that day"。This is an important reason why Babylon and ancient Egyptians have to sacrifice the sun god。

This can be seen，The etiquette of "Spring Equins" in ancient my country，Anno Stone Seal is the instrument that the prehistoric ancestors worshiped the sun in the "spring equinox" season。

Second，Archaeological evidence of the characteristics of Anno stone printing。Anno Stone Seal Text and Calligraphy Features，Evil from the ancient Chinese characters in the prehistoric and Yin periods。Anno Stone Seal and the shape and text of the Civilized Civilized Citic Campaign of Sumer Civilized Civilization Civilization Campaign，Different judges。But，The shape of this stone mark，But can find clues in the ancient seals of the prehistoric and Yin periods。

First，The age of the origin of ancient Chinese seals。Western Jin Fu Xuan "Yin Ming" said: "The first king of the past，Paided Tianzhe，Set seal，Trusting Wan Guo "(" Junior Study "Volume 26)。Unearthed from Jiahu Pei Li Gang Cultural Site, Henan, Henan, more than 8,000 years ago, was compiled as H141: 1 long strip stone print，There is a "B" on the cross section。This is the earliest known stone printing object in my country。

Next，Anno Stone Seal Big Bridge Best Best，The same shape as the ancient Chinese "copper -printed nose button" ("Junior Study" Volume 26)。and the surface of the printed surface，Font sparse，Not only the shape category of the seals unearthed from Yin Ruins，and also similar to the shape of the "seal text" of the Indian River Basin about 5000 years ago。So，This stone seal unearthed at the Anno site in Central Asia，Not incredible things。

third，Anno Stone Seal is the product of cultural exchange between the East and the West。Eastern and Western Cultural Exchange，I saw the clue for the first time as early as four or five thousand years ago。About 5000 years ago，"From the hinterland of the Loess Plateau to the Black Sea，Countries along the Silk Road have appeared on the color pottery culture based on agriculture，Connected into a band，Like a rainbow that crosses the Bridge of the European Asia "。This vast colorful pottery culture，But "Have a similar form of artistic expression"，It is the product of the communication between Eastern and Western cultures。

Saima -Turbinno Culture is archeological culture widely distributed in the eastern part of Eurasian grassland，About 4200-1800 years away from today。Saima -Turbino Culture's inverted copper spear，Already in Gansu, my country、Shaanxi、More than 10 pieces found in Shanxi and Henan。where，4 pieces unearthed from the Grand Wanggang site in Henan，Dynasties belong to the late Longshan culture。Anno Star Seal bet365 best casino games and Saima -Turbinno Culture's Culture Bronze Spear East Times approaches。This can be seen，As early as four or five thousand years ago,，Eastern and Western culture has begun to communicate with each other。Anno Stone Seal may be 4300 years ago，Merchants or westward tribes westward in the Central Plains region，The precious cultural relics left over during the "Spring Equins Asahi" festival were held in the Anno area。

The generation of text records is an important sign of the beginning of a civilized society。Chronicle of "Lianzheng Words" in China，During the Liangzhu culture period 5300-4200 years ago, it has appeared。The bottom of the pottery cup unearthed from the Liangzhu cultural layer of Shanghai Maqiao site is engraved with "Tian Wu" 2 characters，Jiangsu Wu County, Chenghu Liangzhu Culture Ancient Well unearthed with "冓戉 冓戉 矢 矢" 4 words。This description，Liangzhu Civilization has entered the era of letter history with text records。Tao Temple Cultural Site about 4200 years ago，Found a pot of pottery pot with Zhu Shu "Wenyao" 2 words，is the text record of the Yaoshun era。The age of Anno Stone Seal，Being behind Liangzhu Culture、Before Tao Temple Culture，Therefore, it has important academic value。The discovery of Anno Stone Seal and the combing and interpretation of its related issues，Exchanges on the origin of the origin of Chinese characters and the exchanges of Eastern and Western cultures during the pre -historical period，All have important academic significance。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Institute of Luoyang City, Henan Province、Former Vice President of the Chinese Society of Pioneers)