"Unify" the scope of bet365 kentucky bonus code development

The view of bet365 kentucky bonus code includes the philosophy of bet365 kentucky bonus code、Three aspects of historical materials and historical compilation。On the philosophy of bet365 kentucky bonus code，Zhang Yinlin's most important insights are reflected in "A Summary of Traditional Philosophy of bet365 kentucky bonus code" and "On the Selection and Synthesis of Historical Facts"。His important contributions are in two aspects: first, "discriminating and eliminating disadvantages" of traditional historical philosophy。Zhang Yinlin divided the laws explored by traditional historical philosophers into five categories: the plan and purpose of bet365 kentucky bonus code、Law of historical cycles、Historical "Dialectics"、The law of historical evolution and the law of cause and effect of cultural change，And correspond to different historical philosophies。His view of purpose in bet365 kentucky bonus code、Cyclic view of bet365 kentucky bonus code、Dialectics Historical View、Evolutionary bet365 kentucky bonus code View、Ideal view of bet365 kentucky bonus code、Historical materialism、Discriminate and explain the climate bet365 kentucky bonus code view and the character bet365 kentucky bonus code view，Especially a sharp criticism of Hegel as the master of the view of purpose bet365 kentucky bonus code。

The second is to summarize the categories of historical development。He believes that bet365 kentucky bonus code is not only "a description of a momentary static structure"，And it is a "changed record"。He summarized it into two categories: cause and effect and development，The category of development includes three small categories: "directional", "evolutionary" and "contradictory"。He also admitted that these four categories cannot cover all historical facts，Historical facts outside these categories are historical accidents。For chance，He divided it into two types: "ontological" and "cognitive" from the perspective of bet365 kentucky bonus code itself and human cognition，The task of historians is to minimize "cognitive accidents" in bet365 kentucky bonus code。

　　Propose the standard of “pen sharpening”

Comments on historical data，Zhang Yinlin’s insights are reflected in "On the Past and Future of bet365 kentucky bonus code"，Proposed the standard of “pen sharpening”。The so-called "pen sharpening" is also cutting，How to choose historical events in historical writing。bet365 kentucky bonus code is based on historical materials，The standard of “pen sharpening” is the standard for selecting historical materials。Generally speaking，The standard of “pen sharpening” is that the importance of historical events is too vague，So Zhang Yinlin proposed a more specific standard: new and opposite sex、Effectiveness、Cultural Value、The function of teaching and the origin of the current situation。

Zhang Yinlin also realized the limitations of bet365 kentucky bonus code data。He believes that there are absolute limitations to bet365 kentucky bonus code data、Relative differences。Absolute limits include observation range、Observer、Observation status、Observation of the situation、Perceptual ability、Memory、Recording tool、Observer’s Morality、Number of evidence、Rumors、Death。Relative limitations include fallacies arising from absolute limitations、Undetected counterfeit books and artifacts、Historians’ misreading of bet365 kentucky bonus code materials、Explanation of facts。To this，The situations listed by Zhang Yinlin are detailed，But there are also disadvantages of triviality and cross-repetition。

Limitations on historical data，Zhang Yinlin tries to alleviate、Overcoming。He believes that with the development of science and historical research，The increase in historical researchers and the finer division of labor will alleviate relative restrictions。Absolute restrictions will also be due to the development of education、The popularity of printing、The prosperity of libraries and museums is relieved。He particularly values ​​the great value of newspapers as historical materials。In addition，He creatively proposed the "historical interviewer system"，Appealing to society for sympathy and sponsorship，Organize academic groups，Observe and record current human activities according to scientific methods to preserve modern historical materials。From this perspective，Zhang Yinlin can be said to be a pioneer in advocating “public bet365 kentucky bonus code”。

Complete "Expert"、The pursuit of "true beauty"、Taking into account both elegance and vulgarity

Zhang Yinlin’s historical compilation method is not only discussed in academic monographs，Also reflected in its historical research and general bet365 kentucky bonus code compilation。First，He emphasized the integration of "expert" and "expert"。It is the tradition of bet365 kentucky bonus code to be knowledgeable about the past and present the present，But with the trend of "Western learning spreading eastwards"，Traditional bet365 kentucky bonus code moves toward specialized research。Zhang Yinlin believes that "observing bet365 kentucky bonus code" has insights、Overview、Three ways to look around。Diamond View、The horizontal view tends to be "specialized"，Looking at "Bo"。This corresponds to different historiographic ideas，Different writing ideas need to be adopted for different target readers，Each emphasis on professional studies and blogging。

Secondly，Zhang Yinlin pursues the unity of "truth" and "beauty" in historical compilation。He believes that the historical world is the same as the natural world，It is both an aesthetic object，Also the target of poor reasoning。bet365 kentucky bonus code as an aesthetic object is “artistic bet365 kentucky bonus code”；The bet365 kentucky bonus code as the object of rationalization is "scientific bet365 kentucky bonus code"。The purpose of both is to "show the truth"，The former is shown as "truth"，The latter appears as "truth"。These discussions reflect Zhang Yinlin’s philosophical speculation and theoretical creativity。He admires the rhetorical references in traditional Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code writing，Think it can enhance the beauty of bet365 kentucky bonus code。Zhang Yinlin’s writing style and rhetoric in historical writing are extremely beautiful。

In addition，Zhang Yinlin consciously takes into account both elegance and vulgarity。In addition to "truth" and "beauty"，“Practice” is also the value pursued by bet365 kentucky bonus code。He writes general bet365 kentucky bonus code、Compiled teaching materials "to help a nation understand itself in a period of unprecedented change"，He believes that the target readers of historical writing are not only academic professionals，Including the public、Youth、Children。Therefore，Appreciate both refined and popular tastes、Concise and easy to understand、Full of interest is the goal of Zhang Yinlin’s general bet365 kentucky bonus code writing，In fact, it has become a distinctive feature of his "Outline of Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code" and "Children's bet365 kentucky bonus code of China"。This point also coincides with the current concept of "public bet365 kentucky bonus code"。

　　Return to Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code Research

Zhang Yinlin’s historical research begins with textual research，The famous work "Questioning the Theory of Confucius for More than One Hundred Years After Laozi was Born" is a typical textual research article，Subsequent "Xunzi's Explanation of the Concealed Chapter·Supplementary Interpretation" and "Counter-accusation and Re-examination of the Pseudo-Ancient Classics Shang Shu Case" are also similar works。But he is not limited to textual research，While studying at Tsinghua University and studying in the United States，He pays attention to the bet365 kentucky bonus code of Chinese science and technology and Western historiography，Start studying the bet365 kentucky bonus code of ancient Chinese science and technology、bet365 kentucky bonus code of exchanges between China and the West，Translation、Introduction to Western historical theory，Written "An Examination of the Importation of Western Learning into China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties", "Farewell Biography of Zhang Heng", "On the Past and Future of bet365 kentucky bonus code", "The Aesthetic Value of bet365 kentucky bonus code" and "A Summary of Traditional Historical Philosophy", etc.。

Zhang Yinlin has a strong interest in Western philosophy and sociology，Received systematic training while studying in the United States，"Spengler's Theory of Culture", "Fundamental Issues in Moral Philosophy", "Moral Philosophy and Moral Standards" and "Talking about Possibilities" are his representative works of sociological and philosophical research。He believes that to realize the transformation of bet365 kentucky bonus code, we need to use philosophy to innovate theoretical concepts and thinking methods，Use sociology to understand social structures and social changes in bet365 kentucky bonus code。After training in philosophy and sociology，He chose to return to the study of Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code，Especially in the field of Song Dynasty，Studying Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code with an interdisciplinary approach，Written "Land Distribution and Social Unrest in the Northern Song Dynasty", "People's Livelihood and Finance in the Late Southern Song Dynasty", "The Rebellion of Sichuan Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun in the Early Song Dynasty (A Failed Equalization Movement)" and other works。

　　“Fashion of the times” and “style of study”

Through the investigation of Zhang Yinlin’s view of bet365 kentucky bonus code and his path to governance，You can find the connection between the formation of his historical style and the background of the times and historical trends of thought。This is mainly reflected in four aspects。First, the consciousness of integrating philosophy and sociology。Zhang Yinlin’s philosophical reflection on bet365 kentucky bonus code and historical theory，And consciously use philosophical thinking and sociological theory to conduct research on Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code，In order to achieve "the awareness of transcendent insights and methods from philosophy，Elucidate the principles of personnel affairs from sociology”。

The second is the manifestation of nationalism in order to save the nation。In a turbulent era of war，The shadow of national subjugation and genocide hangs over the hearts of the Chinese people，Zhang Yinlin is no exception。Except "Outline of Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code" and "Children's bet365 kentucky bonus code of China"，From "The Eight Times Massacre of Our Compatriots by the British and Japanese in Shanghai" and "How the Intellectual Class Should Save the Country？》"Two major obstacles to the future of the Chinese nation" and other articles，You can clearly see his patriotism and nationalism spirit in saving the nation。

The third is the "increase and decrease" of space and time。“Increase of space” refers to the expansion of space for historical research，Except for the Central Plains area，Follow the Frontier、World，Turn your focus from the political activities of emperors and generals to the daily lives of the people。Except for orthodox historical materials，Archaeology、File、Cultural relics and foreign materials are available historical materials。"Deduction of time" means to delete myths as much as possible、Testing the legend，Retelling ancient bet365 kentucky bonus code through solid evidence。Zhang Yinlin's "Outline of Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code" does not start from "Anatomy of Heaven and Earth" or "The Beginning of Chaos"，It doesn’t start from the condensation of nebulae and the formation of the earth，But from the era of written records，Taking the Shang Dynasty as the starting point，Looking back at the four to five hundred years before which there were legends，Using the knowledge of the actual Shang Dynasty as the criterion for identifying legends，Absorb the archaeological research results of the Yin Ruins excavation。

The fourth is the use of the social form theory of bet365 kentucky bonus code materialism and the concept of class。Zhang Yinlin has long been concerned about bet365 kentucky bonus code materialism，He used some concepts and analytical perspectives in the social form theory of bet365 kentucky bonus code materialism to study the social structure and changes of ancient China，And used the analytical approach of class and class struggle。

The national crisis stimulates the manifestation of nationalism in Zhang Yinlin’s historical research，The two ideological trends of social scientificization and historical materialism in the transformation of modern Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code are also reflected in its historical research。His view of bet365 kentucky bonus code and approach to bet365 kentucky bonus code are innovative and unique，There are also distinct signs of the times。

　　(The author is an assistant researcher at the Institute of bet365 kentucky bonus code Theory, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)