Twitter China，State of Ritual and Music; Chinese Yale，Yuanyuan Stream。The Zhou Dynasty ritual and music system is orthodox with Golden Shengyu Zhen's elegance，Send the sound with the bell、Receive rhyme、The palace music with drums is the most solemn、The most grand music etiquette，Sacrifice、Federation、Banquets and other activities are indispensable。The Zhou Dynasty ritual and music system is an important means to emphasize the relationship between the "community" orthodox blood status and the harmonious clan under the law system，With the order of maintaining humility、The role of far and near and political rule，Reflected the cultural essence of the country with the country。From the Spring and Autumn Period，The ritual and music system begins to collapse，The strong princes and doctors of Qing Dynasty 僭 僭 僭 僭。This is the continuous development of the emerging landlord class economy after the privatization of the land、The inevitable result of the continuous enhancement of strength。​​The "sound of silk bamboo" they are keen to gradually replace the "sound of gold and stones"，Forms a new trend of music with aesthetic entertainment。

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Zhou Dynasty ritual and music system developed，Divide the instruments of eight categories of different materials into "eight sounds"。"Zhou Li · Chunguan · Master": "All are broadcast with eight sounds: gold、Stone、Earth、Leather、silk、wood、匏、Bamboo。"Zheng Xuan Note:" Broadcasting is also，Yang Zhi is eight sounds，Nai can be obtained。Gold，Zhong Yan also。Stone，磬。Earth，埙。Leather，Drum 鼗。silk，Qinse also。wood，柷敔。匏，Sheng also。Bamboo，Guan Xiao also。"" Eight Voice "divides the physical properties of the main pronunciation body of the instrument，Reflected the natural attributes of the instrument，is the earliest instrument classification method in Chinese history，It has lasted for more than 2,000 years since the Western Zhou Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty。"Song Book · Lezhi" in the Southern Dynasty、Tang Dynasty "New Tang Book" and "Tong Dian"、The Northern Song "Le Shu"、Southern Song "Tongzhi"、Song and Yuan "Literature Bet365 app download Pass Test"、The traditional classics such as "Song History" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty，Both the eight -sound classification method records the instrument。

"Mandarin · Zhou Yu": "Goldstone is moving，Silk Bamboo is the way to walk，Poetry is the way of the road，Wayi Praise，匏 Xuanzhi，Wayi Praise，Gemu is in the festival。""，The main body of the melody in the weekly ritual and music system is the "eight" musical instruments。"Xunzi · Le Lunar": "Drums like God，bells like，磬，竽 籥 籥 籥 籥 籥，鼗柷 拊鞷椌楬 拊鞷椌楬 万。"" "Peridotes and Drums used to hit performance are the center of gravity of music，Blowing the silk bamboo instrument is embellishment accompaniment，柷拊 柷拊 柷拊。The band with the bell drum is configured in the early Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period.，It is the representative of the ceremony and music culture of the pre -Qin period。

Hubei Province is the area with the most pre -Qin instruments in China，Including "Eight Sounds" - Gold (Zhonghe 镈)、Stone (磬)、silk (Qin and Se)、Bamboo (Xiaohe 篪)、匏 (Sheng and 竽)、Turkey (埙 缶 缶)、Leather (Jian Du and Lu Drum)、All types of wood (柷)。As early as the period of Qujialing Culture，Two earth instrument pottery。，Spring and Autumn to the Qin Dynasty tombs are also unearthed in Tao 缶。Due to the difficulty of preservation of bamboo and wooden instruments，舂牍 舂牍 舂牍 recorded in the classics before、Ya、柷 and other bamboo and wooden instruments know less。Deep buried in the tomb of Chu Di、Seal、isolation、Under the condition of anticorrosion，Some well -preserved musical instruments appear in the Zenghou cemetery excavated in Hubei Province、Jiuliandun and other tombs，It provides an opportunity for in -depth understanding of the pre -Qin Lile and music culture。

　Showing Lile and Music China Brilliant Achievements

Bronze bells unearthed in the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty、Shi Ji and various drums, etc.，Rare silk bamboo instruments。East Zhou Dynasty，Vulgar rise in various places，Qinse and other silk bamboo indoor music gradually become popular。1978，Hubei Province, Suxian County, Dagun, the Warring States Period, Zeng Houyi Tomb, Music Instruments with a bell、磬、Drum、Se、Qin、Sheng、Xiao (Jun Jun)、篪，Total 8 kinds、125 pieces，Including gold、Stone、silk、Bamboo、bet365 live casino games 匏、Demon 6 category (lack of wood、Soil)。From the configuration of the band，The above musical instruments are the instruments used by two different bands。A total of 115 pieces from the instrument from the room，65 pieces of the bells、Edit 32 pieces、Drum 3、Se 7 pieces、Sheng 4 pieces、2 pieces of flute、篪 2 pieces，They basically maintain the position of the funeral at the time of the burial。The texture of the bell unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi，One hour double sound，and 3755 words wrong golden inscription，Records the extremely valuable warrior and the law of the Warring States Period，Express the basic appearance of early Chinese etiquette and music culture，Can be called "Huaxia Zhengsheng"。

The bell of the tomb of Zeng Houyi is arranged "Xuan Xuan" (three sides)。"The Palace Band" in this Palace，Sacrifice the heavens and worship the ancestors focusing on the gods，Listener Wang Hou Bin guest center，Zhong Yan Drum Sheng Sheng's high and low errors，Golden Stone Silk Bamboo Revolution from 3D Space (up and down、Left and right、Before and after)。This tomb has 10 instruments in the East Room -5 pieces、2 pieces of piano、Sheng 2、Drum 1，Estiments for self -entertainment、The "Palace Band" for the purpose of Mutual Entertainment。Two types of bands、Two groups of musical instruments，each has its own main functions and performance skills，Is the best preservation at present、The largest number、The most complete East Zhou instrument，shows the brilliant achievements of the Chinese art level of the 5th century BC，It also rewritten the history of ancient music in the world。

Zeng Guo, as the big country of Ji of the Hanshui Basin，Its cultural appearance is dominated by Zong Zhou culture。In recent years，There are many new instruments in Zenghou Cemetery, Suizhou City, Hubei Province。In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, a set of intact 5 pieces of bells was unearthed in the tomb of Zeng Houyu, Yejiashan, Yezhou,，The largest number found so far、The earliest complete set of chime，500 years earlier than Zeng Houyi's bell，It is the pioneer of Zeng Houyi bell。In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the Guojia Temple Cemetery M30 unearthed a set of 10 pieces of button clocks，Among them, there is the "Five Right" palace tuning system。15 pieces of bells unearthed from Zeng Houbao Tomb of Zeng Houbao in the middle and autumn of the Spring and Autumn Period，Bet365 lotto review 19 pieces unearthed from the tomb of his wife "Suizhongjia" tomb，Some bronze wares show signs of transition from the cultural characteristics of Zongzhou to Chu cultural style。In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Wenfeng Pagoda M1 Zeng Houyu Tomb unearthed 8 pieces and 5 pieces of stone，12 pieces of stone 磬 unearthed from M2 M2。The Warring States Period，Chu State has established its own dominant status in the Jianghan area，Practice by imitating the Zhou royal family，Gift "Ji Jin" 镈 镈 镈，Emphasized the status of the Chu State's S clarical country。So，Many cultural relics in Zeng Houyi are deeply influenced by Chu culture。

　　helps to study the Zhou Dynasty ritual and music

The etiquette music of the Chu people is inherited from the vein of the Zhou Dynasty etiquette，incorporated the unique life style and aesthetic taste of the Chu people。2002，Two Warring States Periods in Zaoyang City, Hubei Province in the middle of the Chu Shangshang -level husband and wife in the middle of the Chu Kingdom, Jiulian Dun M1、M2 unearthed all kinds of types、Save intact、Clear instrument，Covering gold except the soil、Stone、Leather、silk、Bamboo、匏、Wooden Seven Categories，It is the concentrated discovery of the pre -Qin instruments after Zeng Houyi tomb。As far as the number of similar musical instruments，The bell unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi is more than Jiuliandun M1、M2。Due to severe corrosion corrosion unearthed from Jinelun M1，The number of 磬 unearthed between the two is inconvenient to compare。Some musical instruments，Rulu、Se、Qin、Sheng、flute、篪，Jiuliandun m1、M2 is more than Zeng Houyi tomb。M1's instruments a total of 24 pieces (set)，There is a bell、Editor、Build a drum、Se、Ten String Pin、Sheng、舂牍、Ya et al.。M2's instruments in a total of 22 pieces (set)，There is a bell、Editor、Tiger Bird Birds Drum、flat drum、Se、Sheng、篪、flute、舂牍、Ya、柷，Its bell arrangement is a "suspension" (two sides) that meets the identity of the master of the tomb (two sides)。Jiuliandun m1、M2 unearthed 舂牍、柷 柷、Wooden Walking Music Instrument Series for the first time，Provides a solid physical evidence for studying the etiquette and music system of the Zhou Dynasty。

Jiulian Dun Chu Tomb was unearthed for the first time in the world's earliest bamboo and wooden instrument、柷，Show the appearance of Chinese bet365 live casino games court Yale。舂牍、should、Ya is a bamboo instrument，Music，Perseverance of both hands when playing，If you make a pestle。"Zhou Li · Chunguan · Sheng Shi": "Master Sheng Church Blowing、Sheng、埙、籥、Xiao、篪、flute、Tube，舂牍、should、Ya，Education。"Zheng Xuan Note:" 舂牍，Two or six inches with bamboo big，Seven feet long，Short person one or two feet，There are two emptiness in its end，髤。Building the ground with both hands。should，Long six feet five inches，Among them, there is vertebrae。Ya，like a lacquer tube and the mouth (refers to small)，Siege Wing，Long five feet six inches，Yisat (cooked sheepskin)，Two News，Sparse Painting。... 牍、should、Yajiao Qi，It is said to build a land ...，For the Festival，Ming is not rude。"柷 is a wooden instrument，The music starts at the beginning of the music，At the end of the music, the hit is shot as the number。"Zhou Li · Chunguan · Little Master": "The little teacher's palmism teachs the drum、柷、敔、埙、Xiao、Tube、String、Song。"Kong Yingda Shu:" 柷，like a vertebrae like a paint，，Picking into the vertebrae and hit it。"舂牍、柷 In the first discovery of the Tomb of the Chu Chu, Jiuliandun。Ya has been discovered in the Tomb of Chu that was previously excavated，Ru Tianxing View m1、Wangshan M1, etc.，There are 9 pieces in total。

The "Three Ritual Collection Notes" of Nie Chongyi in the Song Dynasty is the earliest preserved、The most complete book is based on the "Three Rites" of the "Three Rites"，Drawing some ancient musical instruments，and Jiulian Dun M1、M2 M2 Chu Tomb Outburst Musical Instrument Relators，You can verify the instrument name of the Zhou Dynasty ritual and music system。Where，Epitm、Editor、Qin、Se、竽、Sheng、篪、埙、柷 The pictures of most musical instruments are consistent with the real object，should、Equivalence is equal to the conclusive unearthed musical instrument corresponds to it，舂牍、Ya and other musical instruments are slightly different from the drawing on the gift book，It has to be verified by further archeological discovery。Tiger Bird Birds Drum、Lacquer wood screen -shaped seats are the unique instruments and instruments of Chu Di，Explain that the Chu people inherit the Zhou Dynasty ritual and music system，Also drum、Series and other musical instruments have bet365 best casino games unique innovation and aesthetics。

　From entertainment to entertainment

The ritual collapse of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is the fundamental impact on the Yayle of West Zhou。With the development of private ownership，People are pursuing sound sensory entertainment activities，Directly makes the music from liberated from the norms and restraints of the ritual system。Song Zhong often accompanies female music, singing and dancing，It is used for daily enjoyment of the upper nobles in the ruling class。Epither is expensive for cost、Complex technology、Higher shape、Movement inconvenience，There are various shortcomings that are difficult to overcome。Qin、Se、Zheng、Build a string instrument and 竽、Sheng、flute、篪 匏 匏 匏 匏，Because of its lightweight and flexible form、Gen youthful expression，The main force of becoming an increasingly popular indoor play instrument。

"The Voice of Silk Bamboo" gradually replaced the "Voice of Gold Stone" during the Warring States Period，It also changed the combined structure of the Agile Band centered on Zhong Yan。In Chu Tomb in the middle and late Warring States Periods，Tiger Bird Birds Drum、Se、Qin、Sheng、flute、flute、篪 and other small indoor musical instruments unearthed more。With the ancestral etiquette function of the large bell band, the ancestral etiquette function slowly declines、Dilvert，The new noble at that time paid more attention to the entertainment enjoyment function of the pursuit of small silk bamboo bands。Sheng Qin Se is no longer the supporting role of Jin Shengyu Zhen，The status in the band is improved，Become an important "Leading"。"Han Feizi · Jie Lao": "竽，Five Sound Elders also，Therefore, the first Zhong Se is with，Singing sings all fun。"Zhong Yan gradually let it be located in silk bamboo，Become a musical instrument，Palace, which focuses on "golden stone", gradually micro，Finally gone exit。The Western Zhou Dynasty court ritual and music of the western Zhou Dynasty，Gradually replaced by popular aesthetic popular music forms，from the God of Entertainment、Education turns into entertainment、enjoyment，Pay more attention to people’s real life。

Chu Di's music style was self -made at the time，It is called "Nanyin"。"Book of Songs · Xiaoya · Drum Bell": "Drum Bell Qinqin，Drum Seiki，Shengye Tongyin。South South，籥 僭 僭。"" Nan and Ya opponent，Bet365 app download Explain that the status is equally important，or Southern Music occupies half of the Mountains of the Book of Songs Music。"Zuo Zhuan · Cheng Gong Nine Years"，Zhong Yi played the piano "Fuck South Yin"，Du Yuzu "Nanyin，Chu Sheng "。This shows that the piano song at the time had the differences in regional characteristics。"Chu Ci · Nine Songs": "Yang Xi Xi Drum，Angle section Xi'an Ge，Chen Yishe is advocating ...，Xiao Zhong Xi Yao，篪 篪 竽。"The Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties，There is still a record of "sound with Chu Xia"，It can be known that Chu Le has a strong southern characteristic，profoundly affects the development of the music art of later generations。

Chu Di instrument in mature period，Not only "eight sounds" are complete，Jiqian Qin Zhong's Drum Instrument's Dacheng，and divided into multiple forms of national musical instruments，Centered on the drum instrument with rich performance、Band combination with musical instruments such as Qin Se Drum Sheng，formed a new national musical instrument system。This development and change，not only meets the requirements of ancient Chinese culture from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age.，It also opened the curtain for reconstruction of the Chinese national musical instrument system，Basic combination of traditional Chinese national bands that have been used to this day (Li Youping: "On Chu Le's installment and evolution"，"Jianghan Archeology" 1991, No. 1)。Chu Di Music and its representative instruments，Pull String Music、Port instrument，laid the laid -up instrument in traditional Chinese music culture、Pull String Music、Port instrument、Basic styles centered on the tube blowing instrument and its fusion development mechanism。

　(Author is an associate researcher at the Chu Culture Research Institute of Hubei Provincial Academy of Social Sciences)