Northern Dynasties，The Northern Wei Dynasty has been established in the Yellow River Basin、Eastern Wei、Western Wei、Northern Qi and Northern Zhou dynasties。At the same time，Rouran、Turkic, etc.。The political power of the Northern Dynasties is to resist nomadic people south、Prevent hostile forces from invasion，Constructed a series of large -scale Great Wall border defense facilities，It has an important position in the history of the construction of the Great Wall of China。

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After the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North，Facing Rouran's military pressure。Although the northern Wei rulers launched several large -scale military recruitment，But the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty，Rouran still has strong strength。When the Northern Weihe and Rouran stand in place，Long -term military confrontation appears。Rouran is the nomadic nomadic people with cavalry flowing combat，In the military operation。Northern Wei to deal with the sound of Rouran cavalry east、An unexpected violent impact，Determine with the help of a solid and continuous Great Wall to resist invasion。Ming Yuan to Emperor Xiaowen，The Northern Wei Dynasty built the Taichang Great Wall and the Sicai Siege of the Northern Wei Dynasty。

Taichang Seven Years (422)，Emperor Ming Yuan waving south，Want to win the youth with Liu and Song in the Southern Dynasty、Land in the three states of Yan and Yu。At the same time，Emperor Ming Yuan in order to protect the rear，Order the Crown Prince Tuoba out of the town，Building a Great Wall along the Yin Mountain and Yanshan。This Great Wall starts in Chicheng (now Chicheng County, Hebei Province)，West to Wuyuan (the east bank of the Uta River, Bayannuer City, Inner Mongolia)，History called "Tai Chang Great Wall"。At that time，bet365 best casino games Northern Wei Dingdu Pingcheng (now Datong City, Shanxi Province)，Rouran frequently crosses the desert threatening Pingcheng。Taiping Zhenjun seven years (446)，The Northern Wei Dynasty along Yanshan、Taihang Mountain、Hengshan and Guan Yushan，Building a arc -shaped distributed Bi Shangzai circumference。The Great Wall east of Bada Ling, Yanqing District, Beijing，Peijin Village, Wakutang Town, Xing County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province，Therefore, a military defense project of Gyeonggi is built on three sides of Pingcheng。

Three years of Yongxi (534)，The Northern Wei Dynasty is divided into Eastern Wei and Western Wei。At that time，Rouran still looks jealous，Three parties are evenly enemy、confront each other。Eastern Wei is an effective response to external crisis，Actively build a military defense system。In the first year of Wuding (543), the Great Wall of the Great Wall of Shanzhou and Wuding Three -year Great Wall，It is built in this situation。

Northern Qi to improve the military ability of Rouran and Northern Zhou Dynasty，Continue to build the Great Wall on the basis of the Eastern Wei Dynasty。The World of the Northern Qi Qi，7 times in Xinggong，Building 4 Great Wall，That is, the five years of Tianbao (554) to the Great Wall of the Seven Years、Tianbao three years to the first year of Tian Tong (565) Inner Line Great Wall、In the second year of Heqing (563), the Great Wall of the Great Wall and Wuping 7th (576) Jinzhou 堑。But，These Great Wall defense failed to resist the attack on the Northern Zhou Dynasty。577 years，The Northern Zhou Dynasty broke through Jinyang、，Northern Qi Destiny。

After the Northern Zhou Dynasty swallowed the Northern Qi，The territory expands significantly eastward。But，Yingzhou District, now Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) is still occupied by the Northern Qi Disabled Department Gao Baoning。Gao Baoning Houjian Turks、Khitan，Continuous invasion of criminals，great threat to the North Zhou Dynasty。Elephant In the first year of Elephant (579)，The Northern Zhou Dynasty at the host of the wing，bet365 Play online games Building West Yanson Pass (now Yanmen Pass, Daixian County, Shanxi Province)、Great Wall Defense Line。The Great Wall service is an additional repair from the Great Wall of the Great Wall in the Northern Qiqi line from east to the sea.、Perfect and reinforcement。

　　A start to build a second construction orgasm

After Emperor Guangwu Emperor Guangwu，Han Dynasty suspended the construction of the Great Wall，It marks the first stage of the construction of the Great Wall in the first stage of Chinese history。Northern Dynasties after more than 300 years，is the second climax of the Great Wall after the Warring States Period and Qin and Han dynasties，It has significant characteristics in the history of the Great Wall of more than 2,000 years。

Northern Dynasties，Northern Dynasties，Both East and West，There is also a north -south confrontation。Eastern Wei、After the Western Wei Dynasty is divided，Both sides fought for many years，It is difficult to annex the other party，Forming the pattern of east -west confrontation。At the same time，Rouran Anhuan Khan takes the rising machine of the Six Town Uprising of the Northern Wei Dynasty，Become an important force affecting the north。Eastern Wei、Northern Qi has to build the Great Wall to the North to refuse Rouran，It is also necessary to build the Great Wall to prevent the West Wei、Northern Zhou and Jihu。Therefore，The spatial layout of the Great Wall presents two ways: east and west and north and south。For example，Turkhabi from the east bet365 best casino games of the Great Wall of the Great Wall of Yizhou (now Heiyang Village, Duanbao Township, Yuanping City, Shanxi)，West to Malingyu (now Wangjiacha Village, Wangjiacha Township, Lanlan County, Shanxi Province)，Main defense Rouran。Northern Qi Tianbao built north to the Great Wall for three years，Huanglingling from the south (now Liliang City, Luliang City, Shanxi Province)，North to Social Affairs (south of Wuzhai County, Shanxi Province)，Main defense Jihu and North Zhou。Great Walls in the Northern Dynasties due to different defense objects，Its creation structure and distribution show complexity。

2，The regimes of the Northern Dynasties in order to enhance the military bet365 best casino games defense capabilities of the frontier，Continuous structure、Two Great Walls Wall，This is rare in the history of the construction of the Great Wall of China。Three years of Tianbao to the Internal Line Great Wall built in Beiqi in the first year of Tiantong，From the northwest of Liliang City, Luliang City, Shanxi Province，Follow Luga Mountain to the south of Wuzhai County，then turn to East，Follow the Hengshan Mountains to the southwest of Lingqiu County，Different to the northeast，Following Taihang Mountains Arrive in Gubeikou, Miyun District, Beijing，Then go along the southern edge of the Yanshan Mountains and East，Stop in Bo Coast, Wall Village, Wanjia Town, Suizhong County, Liaoning Province。Tianbao's five years to the seven -year Northern Qi -year outer Great Wall，From the Laoshi Bay, Ichiguan County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province，Discede east of Panjin City, Liaoning Province, Shuangtaihekou and Dalinghekou。Inner、Two Great Walls of the Great Wall are mutual horn，Enhanced military defense capabilities。

third，The Northern Wei Dynasty found in the actual combat with Rouran，堑 堑 is the best defense facility for the impact of the cavalry impact。So，When the Northern Wei Dynasty was constructing Taihe Changyu，Trimed the excavated earth and stones into the Great Wall Wall，A long 堑 堑 is formed outside the Great Wall。Today's remaining 堑 is mainly distributed in Chengde City, Hebei Province today、outer side of the Great Wall in Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，about 2.5-10 meters wide，Deep about 0.4-1.2 meters。堑 堑 can limit the smooth progress of the cavalry，Effectively curb the attack strength and speed of the enemy，It played an important role in improving the overall bet365 best casino games defense capabilities of the Great Wall。The features of the Affiliated Facilities of the Great Wall Defense System，Song of the later generations、Liao and Jin Chao's use。Song、The boundary (border) built on the border between the Liao and Jin Dynasty on the northern border，Inherited the structure bet365 best casino games of the Great Wall of the Northern Dynasty，Used in the Borders Fan Han、Protecting the road、Defining boundaries, etc.。

　　Provide reference for the Great Wall of the Later generation

The construction bet365 best casino games of the Great Wall of the Northern Dynasties started from the Eight Years of Northern Wei and Thailand，Finally to the first year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty，In more than 140 years，13 times the Great Wall。Thousands of miles of these Great Wall ruins，distributed in Inner Mongolia、Ningxia、Shanxi、Hebei、Beijing, Liaoning and other places。The time span of the Great Wall in the Northern Dynasty is long、Many times of Xinggong、distributed area Guang，The historical significance of the construction of the Great Wall of China。

First，The purpose of the ancient dynasty or the power of the Great Wall is mainly to guard a specific area of ​​the guard、By the enemy outside the Great Wall and keep the main road of transportation。The construction bet365 best casino games of the Great Wall of the Northern Dynasties follows the "terrain，The principle of using dangerous plugs "，Based on the mountain as the insurance、According to the river according to the river，Effectively slow down the impact and mobility of Nomadic cavalry such as Rouran，Improving the military defense ability of the Northern Dynasties，Play an important role in protecting the protection of the Central Plains farming civilization。

Next，The construction of the Great Wall began in spring and autumn，After the Warring States Period and Qin Han，During the Northern Dynasties, a climax was set off again。Designers and construction workers have continuously summarized the construction experience of military engineering in the past，Promoting the technological progress of Tsukong City，continuously improve the solidity of the Great Wall，Meet the military defense needs at that time。According to "Northern Qi Book" Volume 4 "Emperor Wen Xuan" record，Northern Qi Tianbao three years，On the Great Wall Defense Line of more than 400 miles (about 180 kilometers today)，A total of 36 facilities are equipped with complete castles，On average about bet365 live casino games 5 kilometers, there is a castle。This Great Wall guards the West Wing of Jinyang (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province)，Therefore, the defense is very tight。The Great Wall built in the two years of the Qing Dynasty of the Beiqi River，Used to resist the attack of the Northern Zhou army。According to "Northern Qi Book" Volume 7 "Emperor Wu Cheng" record，On this defense line of more than 200 miles (about 90 kilometers) in this road，A total of 13 bunkers，On average about 7 kilometers, configure a castle。Visible，The planning and configuration of the Great Wall in the Northern Dynasties gradually tends to be reasonable。At the same time，The construction management of the Great Wall in the Northern Dynasties is becoming increasingly strict。For example，During the construction bet365 best casino games of the Great Wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty，Establishment of Du Du、Stab History、All the officials such as Hezi Azo，Effectively ensured the smooth construction and daily maintenance of the Great Wall。

Last，The Great Wall of the Northern Dynasty not only followed the Warring States Period, the Great Wall of the Warring States Period，Use it for the future dynasty。For example，The Great Wall of Tai Chang's Eight -year Great Wall has come to part of today's Hebei Province，It is repaired and reinforced on the basis of the Warring States Period Zhao Bei Great Wall and the Great Wall of the Qin and Han dynasties;，It is the use of part of the paragraphs bet365 best casino games of the Great Wall of the Northern Wei Dynasty 100 years ago;，It is the continued use of the Great Wall of the Northern Wei Dynasty for eight years. North Exit，Following the Great Wall of the Southern Line of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Wu Ding of the Eastern Wei Dynasty;、The Great Wall from East to Lohston，It is the repair and use of the Great Wall of the Northern Qiqi Line。In the long history of the past thousand years,，The Great Wall of the Northern Dynasty is Sui、The Great Wall of the Great Wall of the Song Dynasty。Visible，The construction experience of the Great Wall in the Northern Dynasties provided reference for future generations。

　　(This article is the "Historical Geography Research of the Great Wall of China" (19ZDA188) in the National Social Science Foundation of China (19ZDA188)

(Author is an associate professor at the School of History and Political College of Guizhou Normal University)