Chinese history "stagnation theory" has a long history in the Western academic community，and show different appearances with the changes of the times。Some Chinese scholars are exploring the continuity of Chinese civilization、When the feudal society is long -term continuous and wait for problems，It has not been clearly distinguished from "continuous" and "stagnation"。Actually，Chinese history "stagnation theory" and "Western center theory" are interchanged，Provide theoretical support for the colonial expansion of the powers。Today's "stagnation theory" in Chinese history is still hidden in some people's thoughts，impact、Affecting our national self -confidence。

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As early as the 18th century Europe began to strengthen the expansion of external colonial expansion，Discourse on Chinese history "stagnation theory"。1870s，British classical economist Adam Smith said in the "National Wealth": "China，It has always been the richest country in the world。Its land is the most fertile，The best farming，Its people are the most，and the most diligent。But，A long time ago，It stops stagnant in the state of static。"1824，The view of American Aimori is even more extreme: "The reputation of the Chinese Empire is the reputation of mummy，It has maintained the world's most ugly image and maintained 34,000 years。"German philosopher Hegel judged: China's" today's situation is the same as the ancient situation we know。In this sense,，China has no history "。

The 1930s，Japanese scholar Akiko Akiko advocates "the stagnation of Chinese society in Asia"，Promoting the fundamental character of Chinese society is stagnation、Round back、Round back，To promote the development of Chinese history，Must break the bet365 live casino games cycle; China itself does not have this ability，Only relying on external forces can be achieved。This is intended to seek legitimacy for Japan's war war war.，At that time, he was affected by Lu Zhenyu、Deng Tuo、Wu Ze、Higherist historian such as Huagang and other Marxist historians。In the war of social history，Trust -like like Yan Lingfeng、Ren Shu and others regard the invasion of foreign capitalist forces as the core cause of Chinese social transformation，I believe that the development of Chinese capitalism is "outer"。The essence of its view is still "stagnation theory"。

After World War II，The Chinese history "stagnation theory" in Western countries has new development in the theoretical model。American scholar Ke Wen divided the Chinese modern history research orientation of the United States after World War II into the three modes of "Western Intellectual -China response", "Tradition -Modern" and "Imperialism"。The common point of the first two modes is the "stagnation theory" in Chinese history，Both the west as the ruler measures the historical process of Chinese history，I believe that if there is no catalytic effect of Western capitalist invasion，China is at all unable to produce modern changes。The "traditional balance" theory that has had a large impact in the Western academic community、"High -level balance trap" theory、"Over -dense Growth" theory，It is emphasized that China cannot escape the stagnant "trap"，It can only stagnate in traditional society without modernization，can only wait for the rescue of the West。Some scholars have proposed "ultra -stable structure" and "Chinese society super aggregation mechanism"，These essentially "stagnation theory" divert。

　Long -term continuation does not mean "stagnation"

Chinese feudal society has lasted more than 2,000 years from Qin and Han dynasties to，Under the contrast, the feudal society in Europe is less than 1200 years。In a long feudal society，China's feudal economy has too bet365 live casino games high prosperity，Created a brilliant culture，Its science and technology、Number of population、The size of the city has reached the point where the world is unparalleled。But，China's feudal society has not been able to achieve breakthroughs in production methods，Failure to break through the threshold of capitalism。December 1939，Mao Zedong pointed out in the article "Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China": China since Zhou Qin "its economy、Politics、The development of culture，It will be trapped in a state of slow development for a long time "。

Under the perspective of Chinese and foreign history meeting，Exploring the internal reasons for the long -term continuation of the feudal society in China，Attention by Marxist historians。As early as the 1930s, discussing this issue，After the trickle，It lasts until the early 1960s。Lu Zhenyu、Deng Tuo、Fan Wenlan、Historians and other historians participated in the discussion。These discussions basically focus on the Chinese feudal system itself，or analyze the economic structure and production method，or study the land all system，Turners return to the same way，Digue is not large。

should be seen，"Slowness" does not mean "stagnation"，Two cannot be confused，Marxist historian is opposed to Chinese history "stagnation theory"。Lu Zhenyu pointed out: "China feudal society in the relatively slow development process，No ‘Static’、‘Degenerate’、‘Return’ or ‘Cycle’，Instead of spiral or wavy,。New Year after the Opium War，If there is no foreign capitalist invasion，The capitalist buds bred in Chinese society themselves will inevitably guide Chinese society to complete the revolution of capitalism and the transformation from feudal system to capitalism。"Deng Tuo also believes:" The so -called 'long -term stagnation' of Chinese feudal society is inappropriate。Because we must not say that the internal solidification Bet365 app download of the feudal socio -economic structure of China for more than 2,000 years has never changed。”

Chinese history "stagnation theory" is at the same time as the world historical view with enlightenment with Europe.，Prejudice with "European Central Theory"。"Stagnation Theory" implies two basic assumptions: one，The Road to Western Civilization is the only way for the development of countries around the world，Western modernization model is a model that countries must follow;，Modernization of the West originated from its internal power system，This motivation cannot be generated within Chinese society。According to its logic，Western powers have become the "savior" of China who is deeply trapped in the "stagnation" dilemma。

　　distorting the development process of Chinese civilization

揆 Chinese History Reality，Chinese history "stagnation theory" is not established。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized，Chinese civilization has outstanding characteristics，is continuous、Innovative、Unity、tolerance、peaceful。Chinese civilization is the only civilization in the world that has continuously developed in national forms，But continuous is not stagnant，Not as rigid，but a constant innovation、The process of continuous progress。Alone with the times、Self -improvement、Revolution Dingxin、Huaguangri New，It is the deepest national endowment and spiritual character in the Chinese nation。Under the cultivation of this spiritual character，The Chinese National Life issues "Gou Ri Xin、New、The spiritual pursuit of the new day "，Explaining "Poor change is changed，Change to pass，Tong Ze Jiu "thought philosophy，Breeding "Governance of the World，Reform politics theory of reform。

Looking at ancient Chinese history，In the political system、National governance，The characteristics of development and progress through development。The Zhou Dynasty implemented a sealing system，The Qin Dynasty established a centralized multi -nation -state，The imperial examination Bet365 app download system created the Sui and Tang dynasties、The province system was established in the Yuan Dynasty、Ming Dynasty abolition of prime minister system、The policy of implementing the policies of ethnic minorities in the Qing Dynasty，All are major innovations of the national governance system，All are positive、Creation and pioneering based on Zun Gu。Look at the ideological culture again、Science and Technology，From the pre -Qin Zhuzhong family to contention to Confucian、Tao、Disposal in parallel，Further to Cheng Zhu Lixue、Yangming Heart Study; from the Book of Songs、Chu Ci、Hanfu to Tang Poems、Song Ci、Yuanqu，Then to the Ming and Qing Novels，The spirit of aggressiveness that reflects the inheritance and continues to open up the innovation bureau，How can you distort it as "stagnation"?

China's feudal society for a long time，Among them, there are twists and turns and pauses，But in general, it is by no means stagnation，Instead, it is spiral -rising development，The pace of China's progress towards civilization has never stagnated。This also reflects the toughness and elasticity of China's feudal economic foundation and upper buildings。China's historical development process has its inner logic and rhythm，The inner direction of its own movement，Reflecting the ability of the strong self -development of Chinese civilization，Always maintain the spirit of innovation and the courage to create。For a long time，The productivity level of the feudal society in China、Civilization far exceeds the medieval Europe。According to statistics，China GDP in 1830 still ranks first in the world，accounting for 29%，and the British GDP that experienced the industrial revolution only accounts for 9.5%。Late Ming Dynasty，China's modernization factors have already breeds a lot，In the early days of the Qing Dynasty, in fact, there was a situation from tradition to modern transformation。

Bet365 lotto review In recent years，The reflection and criticism of the "stagnation theory" of Chinese history in the Western academic community。Frank strongly opposed the "stagnation theory" in the development of oriental society in "Silver Capital"。He pointed out: "At least until 1800 years，Asia，Especially China has always lived in a dominant position in the world economy。”

From the actual situation of Chinese history，Small -scale agricultural production and family handicraft combination，constitutes a strong economic characteristics within the feudal society，Have a stubborn regeneration ability，This is the ultimate reason for the long -term continuation of feudal society。But you still have to see，Small farmers' natural economy is suitable for the production structure of social productivity at that time，Bringing the ancient Chinese agricultural economy、Development of two forms of horizontal，Make it not "super stable" to stop at a level。This is the root of the civilization of the Chinese feudal society higher than the European medieval civilization。

to this day，Chinese history "stagnation theory" still has a market。Under the influence of this historical concept，Society that has entered China into the civilized era for thousands of years as a rigidity、Coisturizing state，Even ignores the fundamental transformation of the National Democratic Revolution to the feudal society in my country。Their development path of western countries、The mechanism is Guiyi，The inherent motivation and mechanism of Chinese historical development completely ignores China's historical development。

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，After hard struggle and exploration，I walked out of our own new road in the thousands of times，Modernization of Chinese -style modernization comprehensively advances the great revival of the Chinese nation，Achieve the great cause of the former without Bet365 app download ancient people。The fundamental characteristics and fundamental attributes of Chinese -style modernization，originated from China's profound historical foundation，The fundamental motivation of its endogenous endogenous。Chinese history "stagnation theory" infiltrating the prejudice of "European Central Theory"，It is undoubtedly a solution to history。

　(the author is a researcher at the Institute of History Theoretical Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)