The "stagnation theory" of bet365 free bets history has a long history in Western academic circles，And show different appearances with the changes of the times。Some bet365 free bets scholars are exploring the continuity of bet365 free bets civilization、When China’s feudal society continues to have long-term problems，There is also no clear distinction between "continuity" and "stagnation"。actually，The "stagnation theory" and "Western-centrism" in bet365 free bets history are mutually exclusive，Provide theoretical support for the colonial expansion of great powers。Today, the "theory of stagnation" in bet365 free bets history is still hidden in the minds of some people，Impact、Affecting our national self-confidence。

　　The origins and evolution of the “stagnation theory” in bet365 free bets history

As early as the 18th century, when Europe began to strengthen its foreign colonial expansion，There is a discussion about the “theory of stagnation” in bet365 free bets history。1870s，The British classical economist Adam Smith said in "The Wealth of Nations": "China，Always the richest country in the world。Its land is the most fertile，Its farming is optimal，Its people are the most numerous，And the most diligent。However，A long time ago，It has become stagnant。”1824，American Emerson’s view is even more extreme: “The reputation enjoyed by the bet365 free bets Empire is exactly that of mummies，It has kept the ugliest image in the world unchanged for three to four thousand years。”German philosopher Hegel judged: China’s “today’s situation is the same as the ancient situation we know。In this sense，China has no history”。

1930s，Japanese scholar Akizawa Shuji advocates "the stagnation of Asia in bet365 free bets society"，Promote that the fundamental character of bet365 free bets society is stagnant、Cyclic、Backward，To promote the development of bet365 free bets history，The cycle must be broken；China itself does not have this capability，This can only be achieved by relying on external forces。This is intended to seek legitimacy for Japan’s war of aggression against China，I was attacked by Lu Zhenyu at that time、Deng Tuo、Wu Ze、Stern refutation by Hua Gang and other Marxist historians。In the debate on social history，Trotskyists such as Yan Lingfeng、Ren Shu and others regard the invasion of foreign capitalist forces as the core reason for China’s social transformation，Believe that the development of China’s capitalism is “external”。The essence of his view is still "stagnation theory"。

After World War II，The "stagnation theory" of bet365 free bets history in Western countries has made new developments in theoretical models。American scholar Ke Wen divided the research orientation of modern bet365 free bets history in the United States after World War II into three models: "Western impact-China response", "tradition-modern times" and "imperialism"。What the first two models have in common is the "theory of stagnation" in bet365 free bets history，Using the West as the yardstick to measure China’s historical process，Think that without the catalytic effect of the invasion of Western capitalism，China is simply unable to produce modern changes。The "traditional balance" theory that has had a greater influence in Western academia、“High Level Equilibrium Trap” Theory、“Overdense Growth” Theory，Emphasizes that China cannot escape the "trap" of stagnation，Can only stagnate in traditional society and cannot modernize，We can only wait for the salvation of the West。Some scholars have proposed "super stable structure" and "super strong aggregation mechanism of bet365 free bets society" etc.，These are essentially copies of the "stagnation theory"。

　Long-term continuation does not mean "bet365 free bets"

China’s feudal society lasted for more than two thousand years from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty，In comparison, European feudal society is less than 1,200 years old。In the long feudal society，China’s feudal economy had a high degree of prosperity，Created a splendid culture，its science and technology、Population、The scale of cities has reached a level unparalleled in the world。However，China’s feudal society has been unable to achieve a breakthrough in the mode of production，Failed to break through the shackles and enter the threshold of capitalism。December 1939，Mao Zedong pointed out in the article "bet365 free bets Revolution and the Communist Party of China": China has "its economy since the Zhou and Qin Dynasties、Politics、The development of culture，It has been stuck in a state of slow development for a long time”。

From the perspective of bet365 free bets and foreign history，Exploring the internal reasons for the long-term continuation of China’s feudal society，Highly concerned by Marxist historians。Discussions on this issue began as early as the 1930s，The trickle continued，Continued until the early 1960s。Lu Zhenyu、Deng Tuo、Fan Wenlan、Historians such as Jian Bozan participated in the discussion。These discussions basically focus on China’s feudal system itself，Or analyze economic structure and production methods，Or study the land ownership system，The commentators arrive at the same destination by different routes，Not much difference。

Should see，“Slowness” does not equal “stagnation”，The two cannot be confused，Marxist historians are opposed to the "theory of stagnation" in bet365 free bets history。Lu Zhenyu pointed out: “China’s feudal society is in a relatively slow development process，There is no ‘stillness’、‘degradation’、‘Return’ or ‘Cycle’，But move forward in a spiral or wave style。In the years after the Opium War，If there was no invasion of foreign capitalism，The sprouts of capitalism bred within bet365 free bets society will inevitably lead bet365 free bets society to complete the capitalist revolution and the transformation from feudalism to capitalism。" Deng Tuo also believes: "The so-called 'long-term stagnation' in China's feudal society is inappropriate。Because we can never say that the interior of China’s feudal social and economic structure has remained unchanged for more than two thousand years。”

The "stagnation theory" of bet365 free bets history emerged at the same time as the Enlightenment view of world history centered on European progress，With the "Eurocentric" bias。The "stagnation theory" implies two basic assumptions: First，The path of Western civilization is the only way for the development of all countries in the world，The Western modernization model is a model that all countries must follow；Part 2，Western modernization originated from the dynamic system within its society，This power cannot be generated within bet365 free bets society。According to its logic，The Western powers have become the "saviors" to "liberate" China, which is trapped in the dilemma of "stagnation"。

　　Distorting the development process of bet365 free bets civilization

​​Based on bet365 free bets historical facts，The "theory of stagnation" in bet365 free bets history is not valid。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized，bet365 free bets civilization has outstanding characteristics，i.e. continuity、Innovation、Unity、Inclusiveness、Peace。The bet365 free bets civilization is the only civilization in the world that has continuously developed in the form of a country to this day，But continuity is not stagnation，Not rigid，But a continuous innovation、The process of continuous progress。Advance with the times、Continuous self-improvement、Renovation and innovation、Glowing Sunshine，It is the deepest national endowment and spiritual character of the bet365 free bets nation。Under the cultivation of this spiritual character，The bet365 free bets nation gave birth to "Gou Rixin"、New every day、The spiritual pursuit of "new every day"，Elaborating on "Poverty leads to change，Change the rules，The ideological philosophy of "General means long"，Breeding the idea of ​​"ruling the world in different ways"，Reform political commentary on changing the country and breaking the law。

Throughout ancient bet365 free bets history，In the political system、National governance，Characteristics of development and progress。The Zhou Dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system，The Qin Dynasty established a centralized unified multi-ethnic state，The Sui and Tang Dynasties created the imperial examination system、The Yuan Dynasty established the provincial system、The Ming Dynasty abolished the prime minister system、The Qing Dynasty implemented the policy of governing ethnic minorities according to their customs，These are major innovations in the national governance system，They are all upright、Creation and development based on respecting the ancients。Look at ideological culture again、Science and Technology，From the pre-Qin period when a hundred schools of thought contended to Confucianism、道、Three schools of thought go hand in hand，Back to Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism、Yangming Xinxue；From Book of Songs、Chu Ci、Han Fu to Tang Poetry、Song Ci、Yuan Qu，Back to Ming and Qing Novels，Zaizai embodies the enterprising spirit of continuous inheritance and continuous innovation，How can it be distorted into "stagnation"？

China’s feudal society lasted for a long time，There are occasional twists and pauses，But overall it is by no means stagnant，But it develops in a spiral，China’s pace towards civilization and progress has never stopped。This also reflects the resilience and elasticity of China’s feudal economic base and superstructure。China’s historical development process has its own internal logic and rhythm，Has an internal sense of direction of its own movement，Reflects the strong self-development ability of bet365 free bets civilization，Always maintain the spirit of innovation and the courage to create。Over a long period of time，Productivity level of China’s feudal society、The degree of civilization far exceeds that of Europe in the Middle Ages。According to statistics，In 1830, China’s total GDP still ranked first in the world，29%，The British GDP, which experienced the industrial revolution, only accounted for 9.5%。Late Ming Dynasty，Factors of modernization in bet365 free bets society have sprung up，In the early Qing Dynasty, there was actually a trend of transformation from tradition to modern times。

In recent years，There are also reflections and criticisms on the "stagnation theory" of bet365 free bets history in Western academic circles。Frank strongly opposes the "stagnation theory" of Eastern social development in "Silver Capital"。He noted: "At least until 1800，Asia，China, in particular, has always been a dominant player in the world economy。”

From the actual perspective of bet365 free bets history，Integration of small-scale agricultural production and cottage industry，Constitute the solid economic characteristics within China’s feudal society，Has tenacious regeneration ability，This is the ultimate reason for the long-term continuation of feudal society。But still have to see，The natural economy of small farmers is a production structure suitable for the social productivity level at that time，Bringing the ancient bet365 free bets agricultural economy、The development of two horizontal forms，So that it is not "super stable" and stays at one level。This is the reason why China’s feudal social civilization is higher than European medieval civilization。

To this day，There is still a market for the "theory of stagnation" in bet365 free bets history。Under the influence of this view of history，Regard China’s society that has existed for thousands of years since entering the civilized era as a rigid one、Frozen state，Even ignore the fundamental transformation of our country’s feudal society by the national democratic revolution。They follow the development path of Western countries、Mechanism is the standard，Completely ignore the inherent driving force and mechanism of China’s historical development。

The bet365 free bets people are under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，After arduous struggle and exploration，We have walked our own new path through thousands of twists and turns，Comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the bet365 free bets nation with bet365 free bets-style modernization，Achieved unprecedented achievements。The fundamental characteristics and attributes of bet365 free bets-style modernization，From China’s profound historical foundation，Has its endogenous fundamental motivation。The "Stagnation Theory" of bet365 free bets History Permeated with "Eurocentric" Prejudice，Undoubtedly a misinterpretation of history。

　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Historical Theory, bet365 free bets Academy of Social Sciences)