General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Marxist philosophy profoundly reveals the general laws of the objective world, especially the development of human society，still has strong vitality in today's era，It is still a powerful ideological weapon to guide us Communists to move forward。”Marxist philosophy has its own process of formation and development，It is the product of the combination of Marx and Engels’ revolutionary practice and theoretical exploration。After moving to Paris in 1843，Marx completed the transition from idealism to bet365 champions league、Transition from revolutionary democracy to communism。1845，Marx collaborated with Engels to write "The German Ideology"，The first systematic exposition of the basic principles of historical bet365 champions league。From completing the transformation of bet365 champions league to systematically elaborating the basic principles of historical bet365 champions league，Marx conducted arduous theoretical exploration，Left behind a large number of documentary heritage such as "Paris Notes", "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts", "Holy Family", "Brussels Notes"。over forty years，Domestic academic circles focus on "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts"，Revolving around Marx’s ideological development from bet365 champions league to historical bet365 champions league，Carried out in-depth research，Many important results have been achieved。With the advancement of research on Marx’s early thoughts and works，A classic theoretical issue appears in front of researchers in a new form。This question is how to understand the transformation process of young Marx from idealism to bet365 champions league。A key question related to this is: how to understand bet365 champions league as a result of this transformation。

　　The "Young bet365 champions league" Problem and the Materialist Turn

Raising the above questions，To a large extent, it is a study of the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844"，Directly combined with reflections on the issue of the humanistic "Young Marx"。Early Marxist researchers of the Second International and the Soviet Union，On the one hand, it is based on Marx and Engels’ own few theoretical reviews，On the other hand, it was due to the needs of the ideological struggle at that time，Focuses on the theoretical analysis of the transformation of Marx and Engels from idealism to bet365 champions league，Discussed around the intellectual history clue of "Hegel-Feuerbach-Marx"。Late 1920s，Marx’s early documents including the “1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts” and “Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right” are publicly published。Although in the eyes of Soviet Marxist philology experts such as Ryazanov，These newly discovered documents，Constitutes the documentary basis for Marx’s move towards dialectical bet365 champions league。But among Western scholars，Represented by "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844"，But it shows a "newly discovered Marx"，The "Young Marx" who emphasized humanism and criticism of alienation。This way，When Marxist researchers respond to the challenge of Western “Marxology”，When criticizing the problem of the "Young Marx" of humanism，In addition to explaining the theoretical flaws of the "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts"，It is necessary to respond to the question of what the "materialist" position held by Marx during this period was。

　Answer to this question，Western left-wing scholars are either interested in the Second International、The concept of bet365 champions league in the context of Soviet Marxism has been reflected on and even denied，For example, Alfred Schmidt, a member of the Frankfurt School, specifically criticized "philosophical bet365 champions league" in "Marx's Concept of Nature"；Or in the process of criticizing the humanistic "Young Marx"，Regard Marx in "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" as Feuerbach's mouthpiece，The theoretical representative is the French structuralist Marxist Louis Althusser。In this way，The theoretical significance of the young Marx's transformation from idealism to bet365 champions league between 1843 and 1844 actually suffered a serious impact。In response to this tendency，Domestic academic circles have reflected and responded from different angles，Proposed different theoretical concepts such as "general bet365 champions league", "humanistic bet365 champions league", "social bet365 champions league" and "legal bet365 champions league"。Although these theoretical expressions are not the same，But behind it is the reflection that Chinese Marxist researchers are based on intellectual history and classic works，In-depth study of the micro details of the formation process of Marxist philosophy，Have made fruitful exploration and expansion in comprehensively understanding the historical significance of the transformation of Marxist philosophy。As its core result，The social and historical concerns behind the transformation of Marx’s bet365 champions league have been systematically revealed and organized。

　　The transformation of Feuerbach and bet365 champions league

Objectively speaking，Return to the texts of Marx’s youth，Only until the publication of "The Holy Family" in early 1845 and the "Theses on Feuerbach" written in the spring of the same year，Only then can we find the direct basis for Marx to focus on the issue of bet365 champions league。Articles from the period of "Rheinische Zeitung"、In "Manuscripts of the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right" and "On the Jewish Question" published in the "German-French Yearbook"，When Marx mentioned the term bet365 champions league，Mainly used in the sense of "dirty bet365 champions league" or material interests。Compare the literature of Engels’ youth，We can see，It was during Engels’ stay in the UK from the end of 1842 to August 1844，By looking at the socialist movement in Britain and the political revolution in France，Study British empiricism and French bet365 champions league，Earlier focused on the issue of bet365 champions league。Such a fact also explains from the textual perspective the existing research in elucidating the materialist transformation of young Marx，The reasons for the many different expressions mentioned above。Then，What role did the discussion of bet365 champions league play in Marx’s theoretical exploration during this period？

On the surface text rendering，We can say: the young Marx was inspired by Engels，The initial discussion on the issue of bet365 champions league based on the concern for social trends in Britain and France，It is directly related to the humanistic ideas formed in his criticism of religious theology and criticism of Hegel's philosophy of law。1837，Marx turned to the Hegelian philosophy of “seeking rationality in reality” in his legal research。During the writing of doctoral thesis，He embraced Bruno Bauer’s philosophy of self-awareness to add revolutionary impetus to this rationality。Based on the dialectical relationship between philosophy and the world，Thinking about “The difficulty of expressing an opinion on material interests”，Marx further moved towards Feuerbach’s “emphasis on nature” humanism。Nothing more，Inspired by Arnold Ruge，He is determined to combine "emphasis on nature" and "emphasis on politics"，Criticism of Hegel’s philosophy of law。After discovering that the mysterious essence of Hegel’s view of the state lies in private property and civil society，Marx was determined to criticize private property、Realize human liberation，Thus achieving the transformation of political stance towards communism。At such a juncture，Introduction of materialist thought，On the one hand, it is in line with the young Marx’s concern for people、Theoretical and practical demands for the pursuit of human liberation，On the other hand, it also opened up a new horizon for him to explore the laws of civil society movements based on material interests。

It is in this sense，In the deep theoretical evolution，The discussion of bet365 champions league constitutes an important reference for the transformation of young Marx’s thoughts。Changes in the use of materialist categories in Marx’s texts during his youth，And Marx’s criticism of old bet365 champions league including Feuerbach，Proved from a specific perspective: the transformation from idealism to bet365 champions league，It is not a thought change limited to the field of pure philosophical speculation，It is the result of the young Marx’s deepening knowledge and understanding of social reality。On the one hand，This process is Marx’s criticism of legal studies and religious philosophy，Expanding the horizons of political history research and criticism of national economics。On the other hand，This advancement is also Marx’s prerequisite reflection on his own thinking method，Important changes in worldview methodology achieved。This way，The ideological relationship between Marx and Feuerbach can be more clearly explained。Feuerbach’s emphasis on nature and “anthropology”，Here is Marx who finished his editing work of "Rheinische Zeitung"，Constitute a critique of Powell’s self-awareness、Direct ideological resources of Hegel’s theory of state。Although traces of Feuerbach's influence remain in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and The Holy Family，But on the one hand, Marx was not limited to Feuerbach in discussing bet365 champions league，On the other hand, in the study of national economics，Has begun to pay attention to real social relations and material production methods。Therefore，In the process of Marx’s transformation to bet365 champions league，Feuerbach is just a temporary "fellow traveler"。

　　New exploration of Marxism bet365 champions league 21st century

Why did Engels particularly emphasize the role of Feuerbach in his later work "Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy"，And Marx’s criticism of Feuerbach？Answer to such a question，Obviously not like some Western “Marxist” scholars，Creating a so-called myth of "Engels opposed Marx"。Can see，Although Marx and Engels had specific theoretical goals，In different documents such as "Critique of Political Economy", "Preface to the Critique of Political Economy", "Karl Marx", "On Feuerbach"，My early theoretical exploration、The detailed process of the formation of Marxist philosophy has its own emphasis、Varies。But this does not mean that there are qualitative theoretical differences between Marx and Engels。Emphasis on the transformation of bet365 champions league and the role of Feuerbach，We must return to the intellectual history context of the second half of the 19th century，Especially in the context of reflection on the so-called "economic bet365 champions league" or vulgar bet365 champions league in Germany，From Marxism to the times、To seek in the sense of popular development。After the Revolution of 1848，With the establishment of the bourgeois mode of production and its political rule，Supplemented by breakthroughs and developments in natural science，There is a biological way to explain human consciousness，Understand the social trends of social and historical movement development in an empirical way。

In this historical and ideological background，Elucidating a dialectical historical bet365 champions league through criticizing Feuerbach，For Marx and Engels, it has a dual theoretical orientation。First, in the sense of clarifying the dialectical narrative method of Capital，Marx has emphasized many times that his method is not only different from Hegelian dialectics，And completely opposite，Is materialistic。Therefore，The explanation of bet365 champions league became a theoretical task faced by Marx and Engels。Marx in the process of writing "Das Kapital"，Rediscovered Hegel’s dialectics，And transform and use it in the process of processing and sorting materials。But，Represented by Kaufman，Many readers of "Das Kapital" often mistake the narrative method for "idealism"。For clarification of critical methods of political economy，Engels in his review of Critique of Political Economy，Marx in the postscript to the second edition of Capital，All have a special emphasis on bet365 champions league。The second is facing Ebichina、Moleshot、The vulgar materialist trend represented by Vogt and others，Engels started from his review of Starck's "Ludwig Feuerbach"，Criticize Feuerbach’s bet365 champions league and review the formation process of Marxist philosophy，Intended to propagandize to the German ideological circles and workers at that time、Introduction to Marxism。Under such a specific historical condition，Engels’s criticism of Feuerbach，In fact, we are fighting for the masses with "economic bet365 champions league" and other erroneous ideological trends。Criticism of Feuerbach is just a means，The sublation of bourgeois ideology is the goal。In other words，When vulgar bet365 champions league became a popular social trend in Germany and even Europe in the late 19th century，Criticism of this trend of thought becomes the modernization of Marxism、The effective way and inevitable choice for popular development。

Text inspection and ideological review based on Marx’s youth，Incorporating materialist issues into the Marxist era、Analysis of the role of popularization in development，We have reason to believe: Rethinking the young Marx’s transformation from idealism to bet365 champions league，Helps us fully grasp the great process of the formation and development of Marxism，The ideological resources and theoretical essence that help us deeply understand the Marxist philosophical revolution，Can help us start from the perspective of basic philosophical issues，Understanding and exploring the modernization of Marxism、The latest developments in popularization provide positive reference。Today，We rethink Marx’s materialist transformation in his youth，It is to understand the truth power of Marxism in revealing the objective laws of the development of human society，We must learn from Marx and not be afraid of difficulties、Deep into reality、The spirit of exploration to reach the peak of science，We must learn from Marx and face reality、Dare to think、The revolutionary spirit of daring to self-criticize，It is necessary to grasp the theoretical forerunners of different eras in the long history of the development of human society in order to realize the modernization of Marxism、The hard work and great results achieved for popularization。In this sense，Seek truth from facts、Emancipate the mind，It is the exploration of Marxist theory in the 21st century，Scientific understanding of bet365 champions league and Marxist philosophy worldview methodology。

　　(Author’s unit: bet365 champions league Social Theory Research Center of Nanjing University)