General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Marxist philosophy profoundly reveals the general law of the objective world, especially human society,，It still has strong vitality in today's era，It is still a powerful ideological weapon that guides us Communists to move forward。"Marxist philosophy has its own formation and development process，It is the product of the combination of Marx and Engels Revolutionary practice and theoretical exploration。After moving to Paris in 1843，Marx completed from idealism to materialism、The transformation from revolutionary democracy to communism。1845，Marx and Engels collaborated with Engels and wrote "German Ideology"，The first comparison of the basic principles of historical materialism。From the completion of the transformation of materialism to the system explain the basic principle of historical materialism，Mariesta conducted a hard theoretical exploration，Leave a large number of literary heritage such as "Paris Notes", "Manuscript of Economics in 1844", "Sacred Family", "Brussels Notes"。For more than forty years，Domestic academic circles Focus on "Manuscripts of Economics in 1844"，The development of ideas from Marx from materialism to historical materialism，In -depth research，Forming many important results。Promotion of the early thoughts and works of Marx，A classic theoretical problem appears in front of researchers。This question is how to understand the transition process of young Marx from idealism to materialism。One key issue related to it is: how to understand materialism as the result of this transformation。

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As of the above questions，To a large extent, it is a study with "Manuscript of the Economics Philosophy of 1844"，and the reflection on the "Youth Marx" problem of humanistic "。Early International and Soviet (Russia) early Marxist researchers，On the one hand, based on Marx and Engels themselves, there are few theoretical reviews，On the other hand, because of the need for ideological bet365 best casino games struggle at the time，focused on the theoretical interpretation of Marx and Engels from idealism to materialism.，Discussion on the historical clue of the thought history of "Hegel -Ferbaha -Marx"。In the late 1920s，Including "1844 Economics Manuscripts" and "Critical Criticism of Hegel French", early published by Marx。Although the eyes of Soviet Marxist literature experts such as Liang Zannov，These new discovery documents，The literature basis that constitutes Marx's dialectical materialism。But with Western scholars，Representative of "Manuscripts of Economics 1844" as the representative，But showed a "new found Marx"，"Youth Marx" that emphasizes humanism and alienation criticism。This，When Marxist researchers responded to the challenge of Western "Marxology"，When criticizing the "Youth Marx" problem of humanism，In addition to explaining the theoretical defects of "The Manuscript of Economics in 1844"，It is necessary to respond to what the "materialism" position held by Marx during this period。

Answer to this question，Western left -wing scholars either for the second international、The materialist concept in the Soviet Marxist context reflects and even denies，For example, Alfred Schmidt, a member of the Frankfurt School, specifically criticized "philosophical materialism" in "Marx's Natural Concept"; either in the process of criticizing humanism "Youth Marx"，Marx in "The Manuscript of Economics of 1844" as a passing cylinder of Ferbaha，Its theoretical representative is French structuralist Marxist Louis Alduce。This is here，The theoretical significance of the youth Marx's transformation from idealism from idealism to materialism from 1843-1844 actually received serious impact。For this tendency，Reflection and response from different angles from different angles，Different theoretical concepts such as "general materialism", "humanistic materialism", "social materialism", "legal and materialism"。Although these theoretical expressions are not the same，But the Chinese Marxist researcher is based on the history of thought and classic works.，In -depth research on the micro details of the formation process of Marxist philosophy，Bet365 app download The historical significance of comprehensively understanding the historical significance of Marxist philosophy has made effective exploration and expansion。As its core results，Social and historical concerns behind the transformation of Marx materialism have been revealed and sorted by systematically。

　　The transformation of Ferbaha and Marx

Objectively，Back to the text of Marx's youth，Just the "Holy Family" published in early 1845 and the "Outline for Ferbaha" written in the same year in the same year，We can find the direct basis for Marx's concentrated discussion of materialism problems。Articles in the Rhine Period、"The Manuscript of the Philosophy of Hegel France" and "On the Jewish Issue" published in the "Nature of Germany"，When Marx mentioned the term materialism,，It is mainly used in the sense of "lower materialism" or the sense of material interests。Compared with the literature of Engels Youth，We can see，It was Engels from the end of 1842 to August 1844.，By observing the British socialist movement and the political revolution in France，Study British empiricism and French materialism trends，Earlier discussing materialism problems。This fact also explains from the perspective of text that when the existing research is explained by the transformation of the materialism of the young Marx，Different reasons mentioned earlier。So，Discussion about materialism in the theoretical exploration of the Marx period played?

On the surface of the surface,，We can say: Young Marx is inspired by Engels，The initial discussion on the materialism problem based on the ideological trend of Britain and France's society，It is directly related to humanistic ideas formed by his humanistic ideas in religious theology and the philosophical criticism of Hegel French。1837，Marx shifted to the Hegel philosophy of "seeking rationality in reality" in law studies。During the Dr. Writing Paper，He accepted the philosophy of Bunno Powell's self -consciousness to add the motivation to this kind of rationality。Dialectics based on philosophy and world，Think about "Difficulties in expressing opinions on material interests"，Marx has further moved to Ferbaha's "emphasizing Bet365 lotto review nature" humanism。Just，Inspired by Alino Luga，He is determined to combine "emphasizing nature" and "emphasis on politics"，Criticizing Hegel's philosophy。The mysterious essence of discovering the Hegel State view lies in the private property and civil society，Marx is determined to criticize private property、Realize human liberation，This realizes the transformation of political stance to communism。On such a joint node，Introduction of materialist thought，On the one hand, the young Marx followers、Theoretical and practical demands of pursuing the liberation of people，On the other hand, the laws of civic society movement based on the foundation of material interests opened a new perspective。

It is precisely in this sense，In deep theoretical evolution，Discussion of materialism constitutes an important reference for the transformation of young Marx's thoughts。The change of the use of materialism in the text in the text of Marx，and Marx's criticism of old materialism including Ferbaha，Prove from a specific perspective: From the transformation of idealism to materialism，Not a ideological change limited to the field of pure philosophy and speculation，but the results of the young Marx's understanding and understanding of social reality continuously。On the one hand，This process is a criticism of Marx from law research and religious philosophy，Visual expansion of political historical research and criticism of national economics critical。On the other hand，This promotion is also in the premise reflection of Marx's own thinking method，The important change in the worldview method theory implemented by the realization of the worldview method theory。This，The ideological relationship between Marx and Ferbaha can get clearer clarification。Ferbaha's emphasis on nature and "anthropology"，Marx here after ending the editorial work of the Rhein，It constitutes a criticism of Powell self -consciousness、Direct ideological resources of Hegel National Theory。Although there is still a trace of Ferbaha influence in "The Manuscript of Economics in 1844" and "The Holy Family"，But Marx on the one hand is not limited to Ferbaha bet365 best casino games discuss materialism，On the other hand, in the research of national economics，I have begun to pay attention to the problem of social relationships and material production methods of realistic。Therefore，During the transition from Marx to materialism，Ferbaha is just a temporary "fascist"。

　　New exploration of Marxism in the 21st century

Why Engels specially emphasizes the role of Ferbaha in the later book "The End of the End of Lutwig Felbaha and the End of German Classical Philosophy，and Marx's criticism of Ferbaha? Answer to such a question，Obviously not like some western "Marxology" scholars，Make a so -called "Engels against Marx" myth。You can see，Although Marx and Engels out of specific theoretical goals，In different literatures such as "Political Economics Criticism", "Program" of "Political Economics Criticism", "Karl Marx" and "Ferbaha Theory"，Exploring your early theoretical exploration、The details of the formation of Marxist philosophy, the explanation of the process of the process of the process of each focus、Different。But this does not mean the theoretical difference between the existence between Marx and Engels。Emphasis on the change of materialism and the role of Ferbaha，Must be returned to the ideological history context of the second half of the 19th century，Especially the background of reflection on the so -called "economic materialism" or vulgar materialism of Germany，From Marxist Times、The sense of popular development seeks。After the revolution in 1848，With the establishment of the bourgeois production method and the establishment of its political rule，Supplemented by the breakthrough and development of natural science，An interpretation of people's consciousness appeared in a way of biology，Understand the social trend of the movement of social history in an empirical way。

In this background of history and ideology，Elapse a dialectical historical materialism by criticizing Ferbaha，Double theoretical direction for Marx and Engels。First, in the sense of clarification of the dialectical narrative method of "Capital"，Marx has repeatedly emphasized that his method is not only different from Hegel dialectics，and the opposite opposite，is materialist。Bet365 app download So，Explanation of materialism has become a theoretical task that Marx and Engels faced。Marx in the process of writing "Capital"，Re -discovered Hegel’s dialectics，and transform and use in the process of processing and finishing materials。but，Representative of Kobeman，Many readers of "Capital Theory" often mistakenly believe in the narrative method as "idealism"。Out of clarification of criticism of political economy，Engels in the book review made for "Critical Political Economics"，Marx in the second edition of "Capital"，All emphasized materialism。Second is to face Bigner、Mollehtte、Vulgar materialist thoughts represented by Foggte, etc.，Engels set off from the book "Ludwig Ferbaha" from commenting on Scandapock，Criticizing Ferbaha's materialism and reviewing the formation process of Marxist philosophy，It was intended to promote to the German ideological and workers at the time、Introduction Marxism。Under such a specific historical condition，Engels's criticism of Ferbaha，In fact, it is competing for the masses with wrong thoughts such as "economic materialism"。Criticism on Ferbaha is just a means，Discarding the bourgeois ideology is the purpose。In other words，When vulgar materialism became a popular social trend in Germany in the late 19th century，The criticism of this trend of thought becomes Marxism times、Effective ways and inevitable selection of popular development。

Text inspection and ideological review based on Marxy youth，Combined with the problem of materialism in Marxism, the age of Marxism、Analysis of the role in popular development，We have reasons to believe that re -thinking about the transformation of young Marx from idealism to materialism，Help us fully grasp the great process of development of Marxism formed，Help us understand the ideological resources and theoretical essence of the Marxist philosophy revolution，It can start from the perspective of the basic problem of philosophy，Understand and explore Marxist times、The latest development of popularization provides positive reference。Today，We re -think about the change of materialism in Marx's youth，It is to understand the truth power of Marxism to reveal the objective laws of the development of human society，Just to learn Bet365 app download Marx's fearlessness、In -depth reality、The spirit of exploration of the peak of science，Just to learn Marx facing reality、Courage to think、Revolutionary Spirit of Self -criticism，It is to grasp the theoretical pioneers of different eras in the historical long river of human society.、The hard work and the great achievements of the popularization and the great achievements。In this sense，Seeking truth from facts、Emancipating the mind，is the 21st Century Marxist theory Exploration，Scientific understanding of the worldwide methodology of materialism and Marxist philosophy。

　　(Author Unit: Marxist Social Theory Research Center of Nanjing University)