As everyone knows，Young Marx studied law and philosophy successively，While working for the "Rheinische Zeitung" in 1842, he turned to the study of political economics due to "distressed questions" about the issue of "material interests"。This "turn" constitutes an important event in the development of Marx's thought。Especially in the representative text "Paris Manuscript"，Young Marx passed his preliminary criticism of political economics，Abandoned the modern idealistic consciousness synthesis with the materialistic labor synthesis，Reflect on the civilized implications of communism through criticism of private property and transcend "crude communism"，Establish the theoretical orientation of a new worldview with the concept of "bet365 best casino games science" that unifies natural science and philosophy。Today，Related philosophical implications of young Marx’s critique of political economy，Still a topic worthy of in-depth discussion。

　Materialist bet365 best casino games Synthesis

The young Marx in the process of getting rid of Hegelian idealism，Influenced by Feuerbach’s natural materialism，Considering humans as part of nature，“Is directly a natural existence”。But he also realized，This kind of materialism that leaves aside all social particularities bet365 best casino games is still abstract，Because the intuitive relationship between humans and nature is far from negative，It’s a struggle、Possession relationship。In other words，The object of Marx’s cognition is not original nature，Not an abstract spirit，It is the result of the interactive relationship between man and nature: society and its historical process。Society is humanized nature or natural humanization。The statement of the unity of naturalism and human essence in the Paris Manuscripts may still have elements of Feuerbach，But only Marx revealed that the basis for achieving its unity is labor or production activities。Because the development of human nature depends on the development of his social nature，The social development bet365 best casino games depends on the level of material production。Then，Why labor enters the perspective of Marx’s philosophy？This is exactly the result of turning to the criticism of political economy。Marx realized，It is precisely because Hegel "stands in the position of a modern national economist"，Only grasped the positive nature of labor philosophically。Therefore，Marx must also return to the realm of "crude material production in this world"，Only can we stand on the same horizon of modernity as Hegel。

In Marx’s vision，National economics presents a world of wealth based on the "economic facts" of private property，What supports this “fact” is workers’ labor。Although the real form of labor everywhere reflects the torture of workers，Suffering them to be enslaved and tortured，But it was through critical absorption of the labor and wealth perspectives of political economy that Marx，Not only regards material production activities as the basis of all bet365 best casino games social life and the "cradle of history"，And with dialectical reflection, we understand the active and creative nature of labor from alienated labor。Therefore，Marx viewed bet365 best casino games beings as their historical self-formation process through productive activities，The more people conquer nature through their own activities，The more detached he is from the direct、Simple natural state，Form your own essential power、Ability and feeling。At the same time，Man also creates a world that is generated by his labor、The objective world that also affects its own development，Humanized nature。This nature has existed for humans in the long historical process，In constant change，Objectification that expresses bet365 best casino games essential power。Whether it is the natural essence of man or the natural world around him，Nature is never comfortable，It is the social labor process that constitutes the "objective nature" considered by perceptual consciousness。via Critique of Political Economy，Labor is deepened from being an anthropological category to an epistemological category，That is to say, labor always plays a comprehensive role in the object world。

"Synthesis" is the most important legacy of German idealism。In Kant，Synthesis as an innate function of consciousness，Reflects the a priori ability of self-awareness to unify representations；Hegel regarded synthesis in a phenomenological way as the process in which the spiritual subject goes from "in-itself" to "for-itself" through self-negation in its objectified world。Afterwards，Feuerbach in the process of restoring consciousness and spiritual existence to natural existence，The emphasis on objectivity comes at the expense of “synthesis”，As a result, understanding loses the "active aspect"。This is the premise，The comprehensive view of materialism: Man is neither a transcendental life form nor an existence，It is not the existence of an empirical form restricted by nature，But the product of its production activities，The changes to the external nature are consistent with the changes to the internal nature。Therefore，When Marx pointed out that "the activity of my universal consciousness - as an activity - is also my theoretical existence as a social being"，It is the social rules that express bet365 best casino games activities that determine the stages of consciousness development，That is, the synthesis of consciousness is unified with the synthesis of labor，not the other way around。

Based on the comprehensive view of labor，Marx not only abandoned the “external” nature of wealth、Objectivity without thought”，Restored the status of bet365 best casino games subjectivity，And start to put specific people，Including all real life conditions of people，As center of attention。This also means，The true realization of humanitarianism must be the liberation of the vast majority of working people，Because "the liberation of workers also includes the liberation of universal bet365 best casino games beings"。Therefore，The synthesis of labor inherently sublates capitalism、Demand towards communism。

　　The civilized implications of bet365 best casino games

The synthesis of labor is possible，It lies in the ability of labor to be objectified，This shows that "knowledge" is not passive intuition，Also contains the "practical" dimension，That is, an understanding of how people and the world as social relations change from "existing" to "should"，That is, the understanding of bet365 best casino games social and historical conditions。After turning to the critique of political economy，The young Marx was not only able to draw a clear line from the utopian communist doctrine，And reflect on the ontological basis of communism from within capitalism，It has been endowed with historic quality and civilizational connotation as never before。

Before Marx，Communism by Proudhon、Fourier、Babaev、Utopians such as Blanqui envisioned a system with egalitarian tendencies，The essence is "the universalization and completion of private property relations"，That is, to destroy by force everything that cannot be possessed by the owner as private property，Taking the direct possession of things as the only purpose of life。Marx called this doctrine "crude communism"，And consider it to be nothing more than a narrow manifestation of private property，Towards poverty、The regression of people without needs，Thus also to civilization、Direct negation of culture and bet365 best casino games personality，Converting society to "an animal form"。In this kind of society，Association is conceived as a community in the form of "a commonality of labor" and "an equal commonality of wages paid by a common capital..."。Then，What is the common basis of the new society？Because "the abolition of self-alienation follows the same path as self-alienation"，Therefore，It is unrealistic to dream of returning to a simple state of nature，Rather, the common foundation of the new society should be rebuilt from the dialectical movement of private property，That is: bet365 best casino games social existence、Class exists。

In capitalist society，Man’s entire existence is money、Product、Mediated by private property，Therefore, the rich nature bet365 best casino games faces the fate of being abstracted and alienated；In addition，Also in private property，Contains the social elements bet365 best casino games with universal significance。This kind of sociality is not just a simple expression of common possessiveness and common enjoyment，It is the social force formed in material production and social interaction，But it is twisted into an "abstraction" that is hostile to real life。Communism as the “positive sublation” of private property，It means how "the object that directly embodies his personality" is "his own existence for others" and "this other person's existence" is also "others' existence for him"，That is, an equal interaction relationship between social members。In this sense，“Social nature” is the universal nature of the entire private property movement，Communism will inevitably find an empirical and theoretical basis for itself in the economic movement。Not only that，Communism also avoids treating society as an abstract thing as opposed to the individual，Recognize that “individuals are social beings”，The expression of its life is the individualized confirmation of social life。Different from the isolated atomized individual set by liberalism，Although communism is also composed of special individuals，But it is believed that there is universality in the particularity，Thus it is a total individuality，That is, people are "realistic、A single social being”。Marx thus proposed the concept of "total man"，That is, making people think、Perceived as "social self-existent subject"。Alienation makes life become a fragmented existence，Communism allows people to regain their existence as "the total expression of life" and "complete people"。

In short，The degree of realization of bet365 best casino games socialization or social humanization，Represents the progress of civilization。“Crude Communism” opposes individuality with false sociality，Capitalism denies the existence of sociality with abstract individuality，And in Marx’s theoretical picture，Communism is the reflective unity of the concept of society and the concept of bet365 best casino games being，Expresses the most thorough self-understanding of bet365 best casino games civilization，Therefore, it has the value and significance of eternity beyond experience。As Sartre said，Communism remains “the insurmountable horizon of our time”。

　　The theoretical orientation of “bet365 best casino games science”

With the consciousness of mankind to abandon the state of alienation，The theory will undergo fundamental changes。Within the scope of capitalism，Science as a bet365 best casino games activity only expresses what people’s “general needs” want to express，And people in general seem to be just the object of philosophy。The concept of speculative science produced by Hegel’s combination of philosophy and science is nothing but a “bizarre fantasy”，Indicating that in the past there was only the will to combine，But lacks the ability to combine。Marx believes，Natural science enters people’s lives through industry、Changing people’s lives is expressed in the form of alienation，But it makes people realize that life should have a more comprehensive and rich foundation，Thereby preparing it for the liberation of man。As it increasingly becomes the basis of "bet365 best casino games science"，Science will eventually abandon its idealist direction。

"The science of man" is neither philosophical anthropology，Not an empirical social science，It is a phenomenological human science based on historical human practical activities that can be directly confirmed from the level of perceptual experience and perceptual phenomena。National economics "reduces the largest part bet365 best casino games to abstract labor"，Instead of thinking of them as concrete people in real life，Thus, man is also attributed to the essence of wealth，Instead of putting wealth、Required、Value as the essence of human life。Therefore，The criticism of political economy is to liberate people from "abstract labor"，Making people become "total people" again。Once science intervenes in people’s lives through industry, it transforms people’s feelings and perceptual world，Become a vivid life phenomenon with rich meaning，"The science of man" is stood up。Marx pointed out this，The abolition of private property is the complete liberation of all human feelings and characteristics，It is what makes these feelings and characteristics “human”、Making sensory objects social objects、Making the senses a social organ。The human feeling of society is the richness of human nature that unfolds objectively，It is the result of its transformation of the target world，is the product of all world history。Human senses and perceptual abilities thus become manifestations of essential power，Become a living way of existence for individual life，It shows that "people not only think through thinking，And affirm yourself in the object world with all your feelings”。

Visible，The essence of natural science in Marx’s opinion lies in its practical power，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in his speech commemorating the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth: “Marxism is a practical theory，Guiding people’s actions to transform the world。”Marx believed that sensibility must be the basis of all science，Science can only start from two forms: "perceptual awareness" and "perceptual needs"，It is the “science of reality” and “the science of people”。The uniqueness of this view of science does not lie in the quantifiable nature of positivism，But it lies in the public display of its sensibility。This also explains，The reason why old philosophy is ideological，Because the old philosophy still remains in the realm of concepts，It is nothing but self-reflection of social consciousness，The power of his theory has not been openly presented in the perceptual world。Therefore，Whether it is empirical science or philosophy，Everyone must return to the perceptual real world and gain the legitimacy of existence by proving it as "bet365 best casino games science"。In this sense，This concept of "bet365 best casino games science" that unifies natural science and philosophy establishes the theoretical orientation of Marx's new worldview，Predicts the theoretical emergence of historical materialism。

　(Author’s unit: Department of Philosophy, College of Humanities, Xi’an University of Electronic bet365 best casino games and Technology)