Well -known，Young Marx has been engaged in the study of law and philosophy，In 1842, I worked in the "Rhine News" period and turned to political economics research due to the "distress question" due to the problem of "material interests"。This "steering" constitutes an important event in the development of Marx's thoughts。Especially in the representative text "Paris Manuscript"，Young Marx passed the preliminary criticism of national economics，By comprehensively abandoned the consciousness of modern idealism with materialist labor synthesis，Criticizing the implication of the civilization of communism with private property and transcending the "rude communism"，Establish the theoretical orientation of a new worldview with the concept of "human science" with unified natural science and philosophy。Today，Critical philosophy meaning of young Marx's political economy，It is still a topic worthy of in -depth discussion。

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The youth Marx is in the process of getting rid of Hegel's idealism，It was affected by Falbaha's natural materialism，Think that people are part of nature，"Directly existing things"。But he realized at the same time，This kind of materialism that has left all the social characteristics of people is still abstract，Because people and nature are far from abnormal intuitive relationships，but a struggle、possessive relationship。In other words，Marx's cognitive object is not the original nature，Non -abstract spirit，but the result of the relationship between man and nature: society and its historical process。Society is humanized natural or natural humanization。The statement of naturalism and human nature in "Paris Manuscripts" may still remain the element of Ferbaha，But only Marx revealed that the basis of achieving its unity is labor or production activities。Because the development of human nature depends on its social development，The social development of people depends on the level of bet365 Play online games material production。So，Why does labor enter the vision of Marx's philosophy? This is the result of its turn to political economics critical。Marx realizes，Hegel is because "standing on the standpoint of modern national economists"，Only the active essence of the labor from the philosophy。Therefore，Marx must also return to the field of "the production of rough material"，Only on the horizon of the same modernity with Hegel。

In Marx's vision，The National Economics presents a wealth world based on the "economic facts" of private property，And supporting this "fact" is workers' labor。Despite the fact that the form of labor is ubiquitous, the torture of the workers，Make him slavery and destroy，But Marx is absorbed by criticism and wealth viewing of political economy，Not only regards material production activities as the basis of all human society life and the "birthplace of history"，And with the reflection of dialectics, I realized the active creativity of labor from alien labor。From this，Marx regards human beings as the process of self -formation of production activities in history，The more people conquer nature through their own activities，The more you get out of the direct、Simple natural state，Form your own essential power、ability and sensation。At the same time，People have also created a generated by his labor、The objective world that works for its own development，That is humanized nature。This naturally exists in the long historical process，Being in constant changes，The objectization of the human essential power。Whether it is human nature or the natural world around people，Nothing is never free，Instead, the "objective nature" considered by the social labor process is to form the sense of perceptual consciousness。Criticism through political economics，Labor is deepened from the category of anthropology to a category of epistemology，I believe that labor always plays a comprehensive role in the object world。

"Comprehensive" is the most important heritage of German conceptual theory。Where Kant，Comprehensive as a innate function of consciousness，Reflects the self -consciousness of self -consciousness's priority unity of appearance; bet365 best casino games Hegel regards the comprehensiveness as a phenomenon in a phenomenal method in the process of self -denial of its objectized world.。，Ferbaha is in the process of restoring the existence of consciousness and spirit to nature，The highlight of objectivity is at the cost of sacrificing "comprehensive"，As a result, the understanding of the "moving aspect"。Taking this as the premise，The comprehensive believes of materialism believes that people are not a priority of life form，It is also not an existence of experience in the form of natural constraints，but the product of its production activities，The changes in external nature are consistent with the internal natural changes。Therefore，When Marx pointed out "my universal consciousness -as an activity -also the theory of my existence as a society"，It is the social rules that indicate people's activities that determine the stages of conscious development，That is, the comprehensive unity of consciousness is comprehensive in labor，instead of the opposite。

Based on the comprehensive perspective of labor，Marx not only abandoned wealth "external、Objectiveness of no thought "，Restore the status of human subjectivity，and start to start specific people，Including all real life conditions of people，As Following Center。This means，The actual realization of humanitarianism must be the liberation of the most vast workers，Because "Liberation of workers also contains universal liberation"。Therefore，Labor synthesis has inner place to abandon capitalism、The appeal of the tendency to communism。

　　Communist civilization meaning

Perhaps the comprehensive labor synthesis，In the ability of labor with objectized ability，This shows that "understanding" is not passive intuitive，It also contains the "practice" direction，That is a understanding of a kind of relationship between people and the world as a social relationship.，It is the understanding of the social and historical status of people。After turning to political economics,，Young Marx can not only draw a clear line with the theory of communism in the imaginative faction，and based on the internal theory of the existence of communism inside the capitalism，Make it given bet365 live casino games a historic quality and civilization meaning。

Before Marx，Communism was being by Pulu Dong、Fourier、Babev、Brownki and other vacantists envisioned as a system with an echistic tendency，The essence is "the universalization and completion of private property relations"，That is, to eliminate everything that cannot be possessed by everyone as a private property，Direct possession of things as the only purpose of life。Marx called this doctrine as "rough communism"，And think that it is just a narrow manifestation of private property，is poverty、The backwardness of people without demand，Therefore, it is also for civilization、Direct negation of culture and personality，Terenging society towards "the form of an animal"。In this society，Unioned is imagined as a community of community with "the commonality of labor" and "common capital ... the equality of wages paid" as the form。So，What is the basis of the commonality of the new society? Because "the self -alienation is abandoned the same path with self -alienation"，Therefore，Delide to return to the simple natural state is unrealistic，Instead, we should rebuild the common nature of the new society from the dialectical movement of private property，That is: human social existence、Class exist。

In a capitalist society，The entire existence of a person is currency、Commodity、The agency of private property，Therefore, the essence of human richness is facing the fate of abstraction and alienation; in addition，It is also in private property，It contains the social elements of people with universal significance。This kind of sociality is not just a simple manifestation of common possessiveness and common enjoyment，but the social force formed in material production and social interaction，But was distorted as "abstract" that is hostile to real life。But was distorted as "abstract" that is hostile to real life，It means "the object that directly reflects his personality" is "his own existence of others" and "the existence of this others" is also "the existence of others"，That is, to realize an equal interactive relationship between members of social members。In this sense，"Social Nature" is the general nature Bet365 lotto review of the entire private property movement，and Communism must find the basis and theoretical basis of finding experience in the economic movement。Not only that，Communism also avoids the opposite of society as an abstract thing with individuals，Aware that "the individual is the social existence"，Its life performance is an individualized confirmation of social life。Unlike the isolated atomic individuals set by liberalism，Communism although it is also composed of special individuals，But it is believed that it contains universality in the special nature，Therefore, it is a general individuality，That is, a person is "reality、A single society existence "。Marx proposed the concept of "overall people"，That is to make people think、I perceived as "the main body of society"。Alienation makes life a fragmentation existence，Communism enables people to be the existence of "the overall general" and "complete person"。

In short，The degree of realization of the socialization or socialization of a person，Represents the degree of progress of civilization。"Rough Communism" with false sociality against individuality，Capitalism denies social existence with abstract individuality，In Marx's theoretical map，Communism is unified for reflection of communism as a social concept and the concept of human beings，Expressing the most thorough self -understanding of human civilization，Therefore, the value and significance of the eternal value and meaning of super experience。As Sartre said，Communism is still "the horizon that is difficult to pass in our era"。

　　Theoretical orientation of "Science of Man"

With humans' consciousness of abandoning alienation,，The theory will change the fundamental nature。within the scope of capitalism，Science as a human activity only expresss what people "generally need" to express，and the overall people seem to be the object of philosophy。The scientific concept generated by Hegel's combination of philosophy and science is just "bizarre fantasy"，It indicates that there is only the will of the past in the past，but lack of ability to bind。Marx thinks，Natural Science enters people's life through industry、Reform people’s life, Bet365 app download although it is expressed in the form of alienation，However，So prepare it for the liberation of people。As the basis of "science of people" is increasingly become the foundation，Science will eventually abandon its idealist direction。

"Human Science" is neither philosophical anthropology，It is not an empirical social science，but the practical activities based on historic people can be directly confirmed from the level of perceptual experience and perceptual phenomena.。National Economics "the largest part of human beings is attributed to abstract labor"，instead of regarding it as a specific person in real life，This person is also attributed to the essence of wealth，instead of wealth、Need to、Value is regarded as the essence of human life。Therefore，Criticism of political economics is to liberate people from "abstract labor"，Makes people re -become a "overall person"。Once scientifically intervened through the industry to transform people's feelings and emotional worlds，Become a living phenomenon with rich meaning，"Human Science" is standing up。Marx pointed out from this，Discarding private property is a complete liberation of all people's feelings and characteristics，is the "human"、The object of the sensory becomes the object of the society、Make sensations into organs of society。The feeling of people in the society is the richness of the essence of human beings，The result of its transformation object world，is the product of all world history。Human sensory and emotional ability has become a manifestation of essential power，A living way to become an individual life，It shows that "people not only through thinking，And with all the feelings in the object world "。

Visible，The essence of the natural sciences seen by Marx lies in its practical power，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the speech of the 200th anniversary of Marx's birthday: "Marxism is the theory of practice，Guide the people to transform the world。"Marx believes that emotion must be the foundation of all science，and science only starts from the two forms of "perceptual consciousness" and "emotional needs"，is the "real science" and "human science"。The bet365 Play online games uniqueness of this scientific concept is not the quantization of empiricalism，It is that it is emotionally displayed in the emotional display。This is also explained，The reason why old philosophy has ideology，In the old philosophy still stays in the field of concept，It is just a self -reflection of social consciousness，The power of its theoretical power has not been made public in the emotional world。Therefore，Whether it is empirical science or philosophy，All must be returned to the actual world that has obtained the legitimacy of it as "human science"。In this sense，This concept of "human science" of unified natural science and philosophy establishes the theoretical orientation of Marx's new worldview，It indicates the theoretical appearance of historical materialism。

　(Author Unit: Department of Humanities at the School of Humanities of Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology)